New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos: Extra Dimensions and Black Holes

New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos:Extra Dimensions and Black Holes

Jonathan Feng

UC Irvine

1st ANITA Collaboration Meeting, UCI

24 November 2002

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 2

UHE Neutrinos

• Probe astrophysical sources, given standard model interactions

• Probe new fundamental physics, given standard cosmogenic source

N Black Hole is the largest, most robust interaction predicted by extra dimensions

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 3

The Standard Model

• Where’s gravity?

• Many deep problems, but one obvious one:

For protons, gravity is 10-36 times weaker.

• Equal for mproton = mPlanck ~ 1018 GeV, energies far beyond experiment.

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 4

Gravity Is Weak

gravity

EM

Str

engt

h

r

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 5

Extra Dimensions

• Suppose photons are confined to D=4, but gravity propagates in n extra dimensions of size L:

For r L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2

For r L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2+n

Garden Hose

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 6

gravity

EM

Str

engt

h

r

…

1/mstrong

Gravity Becomes Stronger

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 7

Strong Gravity at the Electroweak Scale

• Suppose mstrong is 1 TeV, the electroweak

unification scale

• The number of extra dims n then fixes L

• n=1 excluded by solar system, but n=2, 3,… are allowed by tests of Newtonian gravity

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 8

Probing Extra Dimensions

• Modifications of Newtonian gravity at sub-mm scales

• Kaluza-Klein graviton effects at colliders, in supernovae, etc.

• …

• Microscopic black hole production

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 9

• BH creation requires

ECOM > mstrong

(Unique feature: robust and generic for high energies!)

• In 4D, mstrong ~ 1018 GeV, far above accessible energies ~ TeV

• But with extra dimensions, mstrong ~ TeV is possible, can create micro black holes in elementary particle collisions!

BHs from Particle Collisions

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 10

Black Holes at Colliders• BH created when two

particles of high enough energy pass within Schwarzschild radius

• LHC: ECOM = 14 TeV pp BH + X

• Find as many as 1 BH produced per second Dimopoulos, Landsberg (2001)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 11

Micro Black Hole PropertiesClassically: StableQuantum mechanically: decay through Hawking evaporation

• Lifetime ~ M3 :

MBH ~ Msun forever

MBH ~ TeV 10-27 s

• Temperature TH ~ 1/M :

MBH ~ Msun TH ~ 0.01 K photons

MBH ~ TeV TH ~ 100 GeV q, g, e, , , , , W, Z, h, G

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 12

Collider Signature

• Multiplicity ~ 10-50

• Hadron:lepton = 5:1

• Spherical events with leptons, many jets

De Roeck (2002)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 13

Black Holes from Cosmic Rays

• Cosmic rays – the high energy frontier

• Observed events with 1019 eV ECOM ~ 100 TeV

• But meager fluxes! Can we harness this energy?

Kampert, Swordy (2001)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 14

Cosmic Neutrinos

One Approach:• Cosmic rays create ultra-

high energy neutrinos:

• BH gives inclined showers starting deep in the atmosphere

Feng, Shapere (2001)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 15

Deep Inclined Showers

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 16

Cosmic Ray Black Holes

• Cosmogenic flux yields a few black holes every minute somewhere in the Earth’s atmosphere

• Current bounds from Fly’s Eye and AGASA comparable to or better than all known bounds (Tevatron, etc.)

Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2002)

Mst

rong

(T

eV)

Lower Bounds for 1 to 7 Extra Dimensions

n=7

n=1

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 17

Auger Observatory

• Auger could detect ~100 black holes per year

• Provides first chance to see black holes from extra dimensions

Mst

rong

(T

eV)

Feng, Shapere (2001)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 18

Other Cosmic BH Work• Auger, AGASA [Feng, Shapere (2001), Anchordoqui, Goldberg

(2001), Emparan, Masip, Rattazzi (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg (2002)]

• Fly’s Eye/HiRes [Ringwald, Tu (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001)]

• AMANDA, IceCube [Uehara (2001), Kowalski, Ringwald, Tu (2002), Alvarez-Muniz, Feng, Halzen, Han, Hooper (2002), Friess, Han, Hooper (2002)]

• RICE [McKay, et al. (2002)]• EUSO/OWL [Iyer Dutta, Reno, Sarcevic (2002)]• p-Branes, Warped Scenarios [Alvarez-Muniz, Halzen, Han, Hooper

(2001), Ahn, Cavaglia, Olinto (2002), Jain, Kar, Panda, Ralston (2002), Anchordoqui, Goldberg, Shapere (2002), Han, Kribs, McElrath (2002), …]

• ANITA?

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 19

What You Could Do With A Black Hole If You Made One

• Discover extra dimensions

• Test Hawking evaporation, BH properties

• Explore last stages of BH evaporation, quantum gravity, information loss problem

• ……

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 20

Conclusions

• Gravity is either intrinsically weak or is strong but diluted by extra dimensions

• If gravity is strong at 1 TeV, extra dimensions will be discovered through black holes from cosmic rays

Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001)

Mst

rong

(T

eV)