Native American History Jackson to Progressive Era: A History of Displacement

Native American History

Jackson to Progressive Era: A History of Displacement

American Westward ExpansionCauses Manifest Destiny Railroad Expansion Industrial Revolution Perceived Racial Superiority Mining Opportunities Farm Land U.S. population boom Missionary Work

Westward Expansion and Native American Experiences Forcible Removal from land Constantly at War Spread of Disease (sometimes purposeful) Series of Broken Treaties Financial Hardship Cultural Assimilation Hunter Gatherer to Agriculture

Trail of Tears 1838 Cherokee and Seminole tribes removed

from land in Southeast U.S. Moved to Oklahoma Jackson refuses to follow Supreme Court

decision

Westward Expansion 1840s Mexican American War Oregon Trail Fort Laramie purchased by U.S. gov’t Seminole Nation V. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs created California Gold Rush 1849 Decline of Buffalo population

Manifest Destiny Takes Hold 1850s New Territories settled Land gained from Mexican American War Conflicts develop between settlers and

Native Americans Treaties are signed and ignored

Southwest- Navajo and Apache Conflicts (1861-1886)

Manuelito Geronimo Kit Carson

Navajo Conflicts 1860s More settlers led to

revolts and conflict Americans distracted

by Civil War Kit Carson sent to

Southwest Navajo rebellions put

down with harsh force Long Walk to New

Mexico Navajo allowed to

return to reservation

Apache Conflicts 1860s-1880s Cochise and Geronimo led uprisings Used guerilla warfare tactics Hid in canyons and mountains Also crossed over into Mexico Both were eventually caught and forced to

live on reservations

Wars in Southwest 1860s-1890s After years of fighting

the Navajo, Apache, and Cheyenne are forced on to reservations

Sioux Wars 1865-1890 Sioux Nation is divided

into: - Lakota, Nakota, and

Dakota Modern Day Northern

Midwest American settlers

begin mining Americans focus on

Black Hills

Sioux Wars Fighting breaks out over Black Hills Gold is discovered in Black Hills Black Hills belonged to Sioux and were

considered sacred Colonel Custer sent to pacify Sioux

Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 Colonel Custer stumbles into trap Sioux Forces led by Crazy Horse and

Sitting Bull Sioux defeat Custer easily Custer’s Last Stand- No Americans surivve

Massacre at Wounded Knee 1890 Military attempts to move Sioux off

reservations Military removes rifles from Sioux Shot is fired Massacre ensues 300 Sioux men, women, and children are

killed.

Assimilation through Legislation Indian Appropriation Act- Tribes can no

longer negotiate as sovereign nations Dawes Act- Native Americans moved off

tribal reservations on to individual land allotments

Indian Education Act- Mandatory boarding school education, children removed from parents