Nationalism, Sectionalism, & the Era of Good Feelings

Unit III

Nationalism,Sectionalism,

& the Era of Good Feelings

What is NATIONALISM?First, let’s define

NATION. A large group of people

united by common descent, history, culture, or language, living in a particular area.

NATIONALISM is extreme loyalty or devotion to your nation (right or wrong).

Why was nationalism on the rise at this time in U.S. history?

NATIONALISM: AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”

REASONS:• Success in War of

1812• Nationalist

economics: Henry Clay’s American System

• Boost in federal power from Judiciary

• American art and literature flourish

What is SECTIONALISM?First, let’s define

REGION.Part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries

Some REASONS:Differing economies: Industrial (North) vs. Agricultural (South)

Issues over slaveryDifferences in population growth (Immigration )

Development of cities in the North

SECTIONALISM

SECTIONALISM is an exaggerated devotion or allegiance to the interests of a region (the North vs. the South).

THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”: AMERICAN

NATIONALISM1812-1855

EQ: How did domestic & foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times?

Economic

What nationalistic economic policies surfaced during the 1820’s?

The American System, developed by Senator Henry Clay

Henry’s Clay’s American System consisted of three main policies:

Protective tariffsBuilding new roads & canals to link the states (Atlantic & Midwest)

Establish Second Bank of the U.S.

How do each of these policies promote nationalism?

Henry Clay’s American System

WestFoodStuffs

SouthRaw

Materials(cotton)

NEManufactured

Goods

Raw materialsto cities

Manufacturedgoods

Manufacturedgoods

Food stuffsto feed workers

Migration

What new inventions arebeing used in each region?

Cultural

Nationalism also influencedart & literature

Literature – American RenaissanceJames Fenimore Cooper

The Last of the Mohicans First American to make a career

as a novelistWebster’s American Dictionary

Novelists expressed pride in the newnation and its immense potential

CulturalArtists – Depicted America’s beautiful landscape

Hudson River SchoolGroup of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict the beauty of nature and reflect the spirit of nationalism

How do these images reflect nationalism?

ELECTION OF 1816

James Monroe – DR, VA

THE VIRGINIA DYNASTY

4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia

Monroe is the last of the “Founding Fathers to be President

THE MONROE DOCTRINE

Told Europe colonization was over

Western Hemisphere is under American control

Example of American Nationalism

PoliticalJohn Quincy Adams (President Monroe’s Secretary

of State) promotes national expansion

Adams-Onis TreatyUS gains Florida from Spain,

open to settlement

Monroe DoctrineLatin American nations gained

independence from European countriesWarned European countries to stay out of Latin

America

How do these policies reflect nationalism?

Domestic

Supreme Court rulings under John MarshallChief Justice from 1801 to 1835Favored a strong federal government,

gave more power to the federal government

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)Denied the right of a state to tax a

federal agency (a national bank)Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Upheld congressional power to regulate

commerce between states (NY steamboat monopoly)

How did these decisions reflect nationalism?

SECTIONALISM – DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH

EQ – How did the North and South differ during the early 1800s?

Sectional Differences Emerge

Missouri Territory applies for statehoodWhy is this a problem?There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balanceHenry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri = slaveMaine = free (split from Massachusetts)36-30 line: north= free, south = slave

Differences between North and South

EconomyAgricultural,

slaveryIndustrialized

North South

Differences between North and South

Pop.Growth

&Citizens

-Lower population-Slower populationgrowth-Lower education

-Population grewquickly-Middle class-Working class-Immigrants faceprejudice

North South

Differences between North and South

Cities,Develop.,

&Indust.

-Few large cities-Limited regionaldevelopment-Slavery spread,plantations grow

-Industrializationspread quickly-Factories-Cities grew

North South

What common interests and similarities do these two regions share?

-Both rely on cotton crop-King Cotton-Both rely on new technology-Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) makes cotton profitable

1789-1819

AMERICAN LAND EXPANSION

VERMONT (1791)

KENTUCKY (1792)

Cleared 2/3 of Ohio/Indian of Indian TribesBritish abandon NW Territory, flee to Canada

THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE (1795)

Normalized relations with SpainUSA gains free access to Mississippi River

PINCKNEY’S TREATY (1795)

TENNESSEE (1796)

OHIO (1803)

LOUISIANA (1812)

Settled all border disputes between the USA and SpainFlorida and Western lands were purchased for $5 million

ADAMS-ONIS TREATY (1819)