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Nanoscale Power Delivery & PI
OverviewThe Power Integrity (PI) WallPI AnalysisManagement & Innovation PotentialPublications & Discussion
Raj Nair, Anasim Corp. Aug. 21, 2013 (Updated)
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 2
Power Integrity & the PI Wall
• 20nm SoC to 16nm FinFET transition• Appears Constant Power and Constant Power Density, higher cost
• ~40% PI degradation; with k = 0.8 and the inverse k-root-k metric
• 16nm to 10nm • Scale factor 0.625, leads to > 2X (> 100%) degradation in PI!!
• We have seen PI-related product failures (FMAX, INRUSH I) in the past and the present. Business as usual NOT an option.
PI degradation with scaling* ~= 1k √ k
For constant power density (CPD) or constant power (CP) scaling,where k is the process scaling factor, typically 0.7
Classical CPD/CP scaling → ~70% degradation in PI
* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 3
PI analysis prior art (Droop, IR Drop)
• Lumped and Polygonal ⇒ Not True-Physical and Spatio-Temporal, eliminates spatial variance and temporal coincidence
• Not wideband, and leads to pessimistic, non-optimal chip/pkg/board design. Loses local resonances, constructive/destructive noise interference
W i t h D i e C a p s
W i t h o u t D i e C a p s
W i t h D i e C a p s
W i t h o u t D i e C a p s
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 4
Differential¹ modeling & design
Grids, transmission lines/planesAbstract, system level, continuous²No freq/time domain discontinuities
² “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010¹ Integrity learning from the SI world and from fundamentals
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 5
PI: How do droops REALLY look?
Supply differential
True-physical power grid noise (π-fp); droops and propagation
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 6
Continuum³ analysis insight
True-physical noise wave propagation (rlcsim)
³ “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 7
PI mngmnt: Fundamental methods
0.0E+00
2.0E-07
4.0E-07
6.0E-07
8.0E-07
1.0E-06
1.2E-06
1.4E-06
1.6E-06
-2 -1 0 1 2
Vg [V]
C [
f/c
m^
2) �
�
�
1.5
1 nS
A
100
1 nS
V
1
∆V= 50mV
VCC
On-die capacitance− Quantity
− Type (fixed/variable)
− Degradation in deep nanoscale (Q, leak)
− Placement and distribution
~130nm process
Can a fine-grain distribution of de-coupling capacitors minimize the di/dt problem?
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 8
PI management: Power Grid Design
Differential grid architectureNovel simulation algo. & IP*What-if analysis in minutes...
* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 9
PI management: Power Grid Sims
Anasim Corp., Power Integrity Aware Methodology
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 10
PI Management: Package Cap Loop-L4
4 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI
st
d
pif I ret
C
LIVV −
∆−= − αω )s i n ( 1
d
p
C
LIV ∆=∆
1
1
1
12
11
1
1111 C
L
V
fVCk
C
LIVkV iv =∆==∆
2
2
2
12
22
2
2222 C
L
V
fVCk
C
LIVkV iv =∆==∆
2
1
fcl SS
S =Q u i n t u p l e t a n d T r i p l e t l o o p - L s c a l i n g
0 . 0 1
0 . 1
1
1 0
P 8 5 8 P 8 6 0 P 1 2 6 2 P 1 2 6 4
P r o c e s s
loo
p-L
, p
HQ - s c a l i n g T - s c a l i n g
Load-shift induced noise
− Transient & DC
− Package dependency
Scaling challenge
− Exponent of scale factor
− Pkg. caps help, but...
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 11
PI management: Fast Regulation• Simulation (0.18μm)
• Idealized parasitics• 4:1 ESL ratio between
grids
• Capacitance evenly distributed
• N-Series-Pass• Inherently stable
• Fast response
• Charge Valve benefits• ~25% VCC droop
reduction in sim
• Apparently kicks in within 50pS
LVDCAP and HVDCAP were 5pF each in the active configuration and 10pF, 0pF in the inactive mode.
65mV droop88mV droop
Sub-50pS response
Raj Nair, “Distributed charge Valves”, research conducted in late 1999 at Intel Labs, Oregon
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 12
PI mngmnt: Active Noise Regulation*
*Raj Nair, “Active Noise Regulators”, US Patent 7291896,http://www.anasim.com/active-noise-regulation/
Tested in lumped (b/w) and continuum (π-fp) model simulations
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 13
Distributed Local Voltage Regulation5
5 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI6 Nair, US patent appl. pub. US 2005/0168890 A1, filed Jan. 24, 2004
Split, distribute lumped regulator components
− Switches
− Inductors, CAPs
− Reducing IL per
branch
Increases Bandwidth− LC α (1/f2)
− Reducing CAP need
And Efficiency− I2R losses reduced
significantly (ind.)Transient-suppressing high-BW regulation6
Modular design
− Flexible form factor
− Distributes power and heat dissipation
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 14
PI mngmnt. innovation opportunities• Board, package, and chip-level
• Regulation, form-factor dependent• Hybrid regulation
• Active noise regulation
• Distributed voltage regulation
• Integration (on-die, on-pkg...)
• Tools & Methodology (Architecture, Design, Verification...)
References
Power Integrity Analysis and Management for Integrated CircuitsRaj Nair & Donald BennettPrentice-Hall, Publication Date: May 17, 2010 | ISBN-10: 0137011229 | ISBN-13: 978-0137011223 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Integrity-Analysis-Management-Integrated-Circuits/dp/0137011229/
Power Integrity for Nanoscale Integrated SystemsMasanori Hashimoto & Raj NairMcGraw-Hill, Publication Date: December 22, 2013 | ISBN-10: 0071787763 | ISBN-13: 978-0071787765 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Power-Integrity-Nanoscale-Integrated-Systems/dp/0071787763/
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 15
C P U
C a p s A c t i v e d e v i c eA c t i v e d e v i c e
C P U
C a p s A c t i v e d e v i c eA c t i v e d e v i c e
Backup slides
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 16
5 4 p
L m b
0 . 4 2 m
R m b
6 m / n _ o s cR o s c
3 . 3 n / n _ o s cL o s c
5 0 4 u * n _ o s cC o s c
1 0 u * n _ 2 tC 2 t
3 8 5 p / n _ 2 tL 2 t
6 . 5 m / n _ 2 tR 2 t
3 . 5 p
L p k g
0 . 2 6 m
R p k g4 0 p s / 1 8 8 nR d i e
V 2
A N R S c h e m a t i c & t h e P S C P O R M o d e l : I l l u s t r a t i o n s
T r a c e
B o a r d
4 m
R 4
3 8 5 p
L 4
2 0 m
R 3
6 n
L 3
5 0 4 uC 1
3 . 3 nL 2
1 8 n
L 1
5V 1
3 0 m
R 16 mR 2
Q 1
A N R C o m p o n e n t
P a c k a g e c o n n .
2 2 uC 2
R e s e r v o i r C A P
G 1
1
1 8 8 nC d i e
6 . 5 m / n _ i d cR i d c
6 0 p / n _ i d cL i d c
2 . 2 u * n _ i d cC i d c
0 . 2 2 m
R s o c k
1 8 p
L s o c k
2 0 u * n _ m l c cC m l c c
1 . 2 n / n _ m l c cL m l c c
3 . 5 m / n _ m l c cR m l c cv i d
V v r
Lumped simulation model with ANR
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