N UTRITION THOUGH THE L IFESPAN. N UTRITION & P REGNANCY Nutrition before conception Photo ©...

NUTRITION THOUGH THE LIFESPAN

NUTRITION & PREGNANCY

Nutrition before conception

Photo © PhotoDisc

FOODS TO AVOID DURING PREGNANCY

Alcohol Certain types of fish

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

INFANCY

Growth is the best marker of nutritional status.

Weight gain Double birth weight by 4-6 months Triple birth weight by 12 months

Length gain Increase length by 50% by 12 months

ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS

Requirements based on composition of breast milk Energy – highest needs of any life stage Protein – highest needs of any life stage

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS

Key vitamins and minerals Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin B12 Iron Fluoride

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

THE START HEALTHY FEEDING GUIDELINES

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CHILDHOOD

Energy and nutrient needs during childhood… Energy and protein Vitamins and minerals

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

CHILDHOOD NUTRITION

What influences childhood food habits? Caregiver is responsible for what to eat Child is responsible for how much and when to

eat.

External factors

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NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS OF CHILDHOOD

Malnutrition and hunger Food security Federal assistance programs

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS CONTINUED

Food and behavior Foods associated with hyperactivity

Childhood obesity

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

ADOLESCENCE

Physical growth and development Growth spurts Changes in body composition Changes in emotional maturity

NUTRIENT NEEDS FOR ADOLESCENTS

Energy and protein Highest total calories and protein grams per day

Vitamins and minerals

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT FOOD INTAKE

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

OTHER NUTRITION-RELATED CONCERNS

Fitness and sports Acne Eating disorders Obesity

GROWING OLDER…

Age-related changes Mobility Immunity Taste and smell Gastrointestinal changes

NUTRIENT-RELATED CONCERNS & AGING

Vitamins & Minerals Medications Other diseases

Meal replacements

MACULAR DEGENERATION

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY