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7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 123
Beam Forming Basics
OmniScan MX2 Training Program
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 223
983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Forming Overview After populating the focal law calculator with the parameters of the
probe wedge and material velocity the software can be configured forthe beam formation This is the purpose of the focal law calculator Also
called group creation wizard in the OmniScan MX2 software The OmniScan MX2 has a built in group set up wizard that will walk the
user step by step through the group creation process populating theprobe wedge and material parameters before beam formation
Beam formation or focal law generation will determine the size shapeand angles of our sound beams (A-scans)
Beam formation includes both angle steering and beam focus combinedtogether for an array of A-scans in a group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 323
983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Forming Overview cont
Groups of A-scans or focallaws come in many
configurations as a function ofsoftware calculatorsinstrument capability andprobe capability
The OmniScan MX2 refers tobeam sets as ldquoGroupsrdquo anddirectly supports sector andlinear scan groups in thesoftware
Other types of groups can beimported into the OmniScanMX2 from an external focallaw calculator
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 423
983092
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation The OmniScan MX2 supports both linear and sector scan groups for 1D
linear array probes and has an 8 group 256 focal law limit
Both sector scans and linear scans have unique advantages and limitations
regarding weld coverage number of focal laws range of angles A-scandensity ability to reproduce conventional results and ability to minimizenumber of required groups for the inspection
Additionally one of the most important factors in determining the scan plan
strategy is the ability to calibrate the group using traditional calibrationblocks with SDHs and notches to improve inspection results and comply withconstruction codes used throughout many industries
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 523
983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Definition
Focal laws of different anglesgenerated using the same elements
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the range of angles (45-70) and angle resolution (45 46 47
etc)
Linear Scan Definition
Focal laws generated over a series ofelements using the same angle
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the element stepresolution (1 element 2 elementetc)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 223
983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Forming Overview After populating the focal law calculator with the parameters of the
probe wedge and material velocity the software can be configured forthe beam formation This is the purpose of the focal law calculator Also
called group creation wizard in the OmniScan MX2 software The OmniScan MX2 has a built in group set up wizard that will walk the
user step by step through the group creation process populating theprobe wedge and material parameters before beam formation
Beam formation or focal law generation will determine the size shapeand angles of our sound beams (A-scans)
Beam formation includes both angle steering and beam focus combinedtogether for an array of A-scans in a group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 323
983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Forming Overview cont
Groups of A-scans or focallaws come in many
configurations as a function ofsoftware calculatorsinstrument capability andprobe capability
The OmniScan MX2 refers tobeam sets as ldquoGroupsrdquo anddirectly supports sector andlinear scan groups in thesoftware
Other types of groups can beimported into the OmniScanMX2 from an external focallaw calculator
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 423
983092
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation The OmniScan MX2 supports both linear and sector scan groups for 1D
linear array probes and has an 8 group 256 focal law limit
Both sector scans and linear scans have unique advantages and limitations
regarding weld coverage number of focal laws range of angles A-scandensity ability to reproduce conventional results and ability to minimizenumber of required groups for the inspection
Additionally one of the most important factors in determining the scan plan
strategy is the ability to calibrate the group using traditional calibrationblocks with SDHs and notches to improve inspection results and comply withconstruction codes used throughout many industries
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 523
983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Definition
Focal laws of different anglesgenerated using the same elements
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the range of angles (45-70) and angle resolution (45 46 47
etc)
Linear Scan Definition
Focal laws generated over a series ofelements using the same angle
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the element stepresolution (1 element 2 elementetc)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 323
983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Forming Overview cont
Groups of A-scans or focallaws come in many
configurations as a function ofsoftware calculatorsinstrument capability andprobe capability
The OmniScan MX2 refers tobeam sets as ldquoGroupsrdquo anddirectly supports sector andlinear scan groups in thesoftware
Other types of groups can beimported into the OmniScanMX2 from an external focallaw calculator
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 423
983092
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation The OmniScan MX2 supports both linear and sector scan groups for 1D
linear array probes and has an 8 group 256 focal law limit
Both sector scans and linear scans have unique advantages and limitations
regarding weld coverage number of focal laws range of angles A-scandensity ability to reproduce conventional results and ability to minimizenumber of required groups for the inspection
Additionally one of the most important factors in determining the scan plan
strategy is the ability to calibrate the group using traditional calibrationblocks with SDHs and notches to improve inspection results and comply withconstruction codes used throughout many industries
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 523
983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Definition
Focal laws of different anglesgenerated using the same elements
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the range of angles (45-70) and angle resolution (45 46 47
etc)
Linear Scan Definition
Focal laws generated over a series ofelements using the same angle
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the element stepresolution (1 element 2 elementetc)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 423
983092
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation The OmniScan MX2 supports both linear and sector scan groups for 1D
linear array probes and has an 8 group 256 focal law limit
Both sector scans and linear scans have unique advantages and limitations
regarding weld coverage number of focal laws range of angles A-scandensity ability to reproduce conventional results and ability to minimizenumber of required groups for the inspection
Additionally one of the most important factors in determining the scan plan
strategy is the ability to calibrate the group using traditional calibrationblocks with SDHs and notches to improve inspection results and comply withconstruction codes used throughout many industries
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 523
983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Definition
Focal laws of different anglesgenerated using the same elements
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the range of angles (45-70) and angle resolution (45 46 47
etc)
Linear Scan Definition
Focal laws generated over a series ofelements using the same angle
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the element stepresolution (1 element 2 elementetc)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 523
983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Definition
Focal laws of different anglesgenerated using the same elements
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the range of angles (45-70) and angle resolution (45 46 47
etc)
Linear Scan Definition
Focal laws generated over a series ofelements using the same angle
A-scan density and coverage isdefined by the element stepresolution (1 element 2 elementetc)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 623
983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Advantages
Large coverage area from smallfootprint on component
Improved flaw characterization frommultiple angles
Small element count required forinstrument and probes (16 32)
Fewer focal laws required for
coverage of weld area
Linear Scan Advantages
Produces same result asconventional UT raster scan (XY)
Ease of calibration due to only oneangle
Compliance with existing codesreferencing one angle inspections
Beam to beam resolution is the same
regardless of sound path
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 723
983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Group Formation - Sector vs Linear Group
Sector Scan Disadvantages Beam to beam resolution worse as sound
path increases
Limitations in ability to calibrate multipleTCG points for long sound paths
Limitations in ability to calibration wideangle range for long sound paths
Linear Scan Disadvantages Requires many focal laws (49 as pictured
below)
Poor coverage with one angleone group
Multiple groups required for same coverageresulting in long set up and calibration timeand big data file
Requires instrument with large multiplexer(XX64 XX128)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 823
983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits Beam steering is limited by the probe element size and aperture the wavelength
physics of UT (Snellrsquos law) and most importantly the ability to calibrate each A-scanin the group to the satisfaction of the application or procedure
The calibration process like conventional UT includes maintaining the velocity at aknown angle (Does not mode convert) and ability to correct the wedge delay
sensitivity and build a TCG (If required) for every A-scan in the group
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 923
983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The maximum steering angle at -6dB can be defined from the beam spread equation
below Small elements have greater beam spread and retain more energy at higherangles than that of larger elements
As element size decreases so does energy and more elements must be pulsedtogether to maintain the same sensitivity
This is a similar to conventional UT The smaller the single element crystal the wider
the beam spread
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1023
983089983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Steering Limits cont The limits of beam steering and focusing are dependent on many factors including
size of aperture size and number of elements material properties size ofcalibration reflector etc
The OmniScan MX2 calculator does not attempt to define the steering limits of any
probewedge combination because there are too many variables in the inspectionrequirements including what is an acceptable A-scan signal to noise ratio for anyone customerrsquos application
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1123
983089983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Angle and Exit Point Beam steering angle (Refracted angle) is verified in phased array inspections exactly
like conventional UT
The beam steering limits of a particular probewedgeaperture is reached when thehighest and lowest angle of the group are not able to be verified within 1 degrees
The real exit point of the beam is verified with an IIW block and compared with thecalculated value in the software Once the exit point is validated the angle can beverified on the other side of the IIW block
This process is explained in detail a later section Repeathellipexactly like UT
Exit point of beam
Index offset calculatedby software andverified on IIW block
40 degree A-scan 40 degree A-scan
Verified exit point is usedto measure real angle inmaterial (40 degrees)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1223
983089983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing Overview Sound beams can be focused like light rays with the energy focusing at a givenpoint and then expanding beyond it
The depth of focus is changed by varying the applied delays on the elements and isbuilt into the focal law along with the angle steering
The maximum depth or sound path that a beam can be focused is defined by thenear field which is a function of element size frequency and material velocity
The effective sensitivity is improved by a smaller beam diameter with more energyat the focus point
Increasing the size of the aperture or creating the same aperture using more
smaller elements increases the sharpness of the focused beam and improvesresults
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1323
983089983091
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing ndash Near field
Beam focusing is only possible within the near field of the probe
The near field is different in the active and passive axis of the array and can becalculated with the formula below
Most methods for calculating the near field should be considered closeapproximations due to simplifying the formula and not taking into account everyprobe parameter
Do not be surprised if every manufacturerrsquos software calculates a slightly different
near field value for the same probe and aperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1423
983089983092
SAMPLE - OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Beam Focusing vs TCG
The near field calculation that defines the maximum beam focus limit is notthe limit of the useful sound path for inspection purposes
Like conventional UT most of our code based phased array inspectionssuch as ASME API etc are performed with an unfocused probe and a TCGor DAC to compensate for sensitivity (Amplitude) over time (Sound path)
Use of a TCG for code based inspections reduces the benefits of focusingA focal point is selected within the TCG range that can accommodate allpoints
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1523
983089983093
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies
Depth Sound Path Projection Focal Plane
Different focusing strategies can provide optimized results for differentapplications
There are five primary types of focusing associated with phased array
inspection1 Depth focusing Defined from the bottom of the wedge in depth and different
for every angle
2 Sound path focusing Defined by the uncorrected sound path and the same forevery angle
3 Projection focusing Defined by the surface distance from the wedge face
4 Focal plane focusing Defined by an XY position in the material
5 Unfocused Any value that is beyond the near field of the probeaperture
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1623
983089983094
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Inspection Focus Strategies cont
The OmniScan MX2 focal law calculator only supports depth focusing andun focused group
Sound path projection and focal plane focusing can be imported into theOmniScan MX2 from an external focal law calculator using the memory card
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1723
983089983095
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies
The majority of OmniScan MX2 applications including weld inspection arewell suited for depth focusing and do not benefit significantly from otherfocus strategies
An example of an application that would benefit from a specific focal planeother than depth is the dissimilar metal weld inspection in inconel using alow frequency longitudinal angle beam sector scan for maximum penetrationand focus on the far side weld bevel
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1823
983089983096
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Advanced Inspection Focus Strategies - WSY
Another example of an application that would benefit from an advancedfocusing strategy is the phased array version of the conventional UT 30-70-70 (WSY) technique used for internal crack detection and sizing in the powergeneration industry
A 55-70 longitudinal wave sector scan is focused in a vertical plane(Projection) at a fixed distance from the wedge face (Pictured in red in frontof the probe)
P r
o j e c t i on
f o c al pl an e
CE2CE1
Crack tip (70 degree)
Crack base (55 degree)
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 1923
983089983097
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Adv Insp Focus Strategies ndash Near surface
The Hydroform inspection system uses a shallow depth focus to maximizenear surface detection and resolution
15mm surface resolution on carbon steel components is possible from theHydroform system with the aid of shallow depth focusing small aperturewater column and high frequency probe
In this application turbine components are inspected for porosity and laminarflaws before complex machining
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2023
983090983088
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Verification of Beam Parameters
In addition to standard IIW and similar calibration blocks there are industrialstandards such as ASTM E2491 that specify techniques and calibrationblock designs for verification of the phased array beam profile
Beam profile beam steering limits beam focusing element activity etc canbe verified similarly to the requirements of conventional UT with specializedreference standards
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2123
983090983089
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
At this point in the training all of the hardware parametersand basic software considerations required to prepare aphased array beam set or group in the OmniScan MX2 havebeen described (Probe wedge material and beamforming)
The OmniScan MX2 like its predecessors is a UT instrumentbefore it is anything else and with the exception of softwareto manage the information unique to phased array it is very
similar to a modern single channel conventional flawdetector with better imagery more software features andmuch greater power
The use of the OmniScan MX2 setup and calibration
wizards will make managing all of the parameters requiredfor the phased array inspection fast and efficient permittingthe focus to remain on the applicationhelliphellipand not thesoftware
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2223
983090983090
OmniScan MX2 Training ndash Phased Array Calculator Review
Question
What are the essential parameters for the phased
array calculator1 Probe parameters
2 Wedge parameters
3 Material Velocity
4 Beam Formation
Answer All of the above
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
7212019 MX2 Training Program 4E Beam Forming
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullmx2-training-program-4e-beam-forming 2323
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