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1 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date / CN3410-30N
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Message Transfer Part (MTP)Switching Core Network Signalling
M14/U4
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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy
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Document change history
Date Version Name Change comment
Jan 14, 2008 1.0 Noppamat Poonyarat Update to NSN template, more slides
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Introduction
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Introduction to MTPLevel 1: SIGNALLING DATA LINK
Defines the physical characteristics towards the transmissionmedium, a PCM link.
Level 2: SIGNALLING LINK
Defines message structure, framing, error detection andcorrection, alignment procedures, and so on.
Level 3: SIGNALLING NETWORK
2 parts: message handling function (includes messagerouting and distribution to the respective user parts) andnetwork management function.
F CK SIF SIO LI
F
I
B
FSN
B
I
B
BSN F
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Introduction to MTP
MTP2
MTP3Layer 4(User Part) ISUP TUP SCCP Other User Parts
Signalling
MTP2
MTP1Signalling Link
FunctionSignalling Data Link
Function
Signalling MessageHandlingSignalling NetworkManagement
Control signals Signalling message flow
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Component of a signalling network
SEP
STP
Signalling link
Signalling link
SEP
SEP SEP
Signalling
end point
Signalling
end point
Signalling
end point
Signalling
end point
Signalling
transfer point
DPC = X
Signalling link
DPC = X
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SPC and network indicator
Signalling Point Codes
National useLength: 14 bits (ITU-T SS7 standard), 16 bits (Japan SS7 standard), or 24bits (China or ANSI SS7 standard )
Format: can be allocated into subfields
International use (ITU-T Q.708)
3bit-8bit-3bitmeaning: Zone-Area-Signalling point
Network Indicator
NA0 National network 0
NA1 National network 1IN0 International network 0
IN1 International network 1
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MTP Level 2Signalling link function
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MTP Level 2
Signalling Link Function
To provide reliable transfer of signalling messages
Functions:
Delimitation of signal unit- by means of flagsFlag imitation prevention- by bit stuffing
Error detection- by means of check bits (CRC16)
Error correction- by retransmission
Signal unit sequence control- by sequence numbers in SUSignalling link failure detection- by SUERM
Signalling link recovery- by level 2 procedures
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User Part
Level1
Flag Detectionand Bit-stuffing
Controller
RetransmissionBuffer
Message LengthCheck
Checksum
Generation andComparison
Sequence Number
Check
Received Buffer
Flag Generationand Bit-stuffing
ChecksumGeneration
Sequence Number
Generation
Transmit Buffer
Level 1
FSN BSN
BIB
MTP Level 2 Functions
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MTP Level 2
Creates signalling units of variable length:
1. Message signal units (MSU)
used for the transport of the user part messages.
2. Link status signal units (LSSU)
contain information about state of the signalling link.
3. Fill-in signal units (FISU)contain no additional information. Used when there is nomessage to be sent on the link.
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Signal units
F CK SIF SIO LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
8 16 8n, n>2 8 2 6 1 7 1 7 8 [bit]
MSU First bittransmitted
length indicator >2 and 63
F CK SF LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
8 16 8 or 16 2 6 1 7 1 7 8 [bit]
LSSU First bittransmitted
length indicator = 1 or 2
F CK LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
8 16 2 6 1 7 1 7 8 [bit]
FISU First bittransmitted
length indicator = 0
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Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU)
Bit 000 Status indication O (SIO) Link out of alignment
Bit 001 Status indication N (SIN) Normal alignment
Bit 010 Status indication E (SIE) Emergency alignment
Bit 011 Status indication OS (SIOS) Link out of service
Bit 100 Status indication PO (SIPO) Processor outage
Bit 101 Status indication B (SIB) Busy
F CK SF LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
8 16 8 or 16 2 6 1 7 1 7 8 [bit]
LSSU First bittransmitted
D C B A
X X X X X 0 0 0
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Error correction method
Retransmission Buffer
Signalling TerminalSignalling Terminal
MSU
Basic error correction method (Tansmission time15ms)
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Example:Basic error correction
SP A SP BLast Seq. # sent : 30
Last Seq. # recd. : 40
Last FIB/BIB : 1
FI
B
FSNBI
B
BSN
1 31 1 40
BSNBIB
30 0 41 1
FSNFIB
Negative Acknowledgement
Retransmission
Positive Acknowledgement
F
IB FSN
B
IB BSN0 31 1 41
BSNBIB
31 0 42 1
FSNFIB
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Signalling link failure detection
Signalling Unit Error Rate Monitoring (SUERM)
If SUERM counter reaches the threshold, the link is declaredFAULTY and the CHANGEOVER procedure takes place to aworking link.
+1 for every SU in error
-1 for 256 correctly received SUs
Alarm level
ZNOI:0,A:;
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Initial alignment procedure
Initial alignment procedure is used for link activation or
restorationActivate link
SIO
SIO
SIN/SIE
SIN/SIE
FISU
FISU
FISU
FISU
MSU (SLTM)
MSU (SLTA)
Link Idle
Link out of service
Link Aligned
Link Proving
Link In Service
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Link Proving
Normal Proving (LSSU=SIN)
216 octects of FISU are sent in 8.2 sec
If FISUs in error 4 use of AERM(Alignment Error Rate Monitoring)
Emergency Proving (LSSU=SIE)
212 octects of FISU are sent in 0.5 sec
If FISUs in error 1 use of AERM(Alignment Error Rate Monitoring)
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Signalling link failure detection
Alignment Error Rate Monitoring (AERM)
This counter is set to zero to mark the beginning of analignment period.
Every SU in error increments the counter by 1.
If AERM5 (2) the link is marked faulty
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MTP Level 3Signalling network function
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F CK SIF SIO LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN FFirst bit
transmitted8 16 8n, n>2 8 2 6 1 7 1
7 8
User Data
SIO
SIO
SIODPCOPCSLC
User Data DPCOPCSLS
User Data DPCOPCSLS
CIC
SIOUser Data DPCOPCCICTUP
ISUP
Network Management
SCCP
Structure of messages from MTP users
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MTP3 message structure
[bit]
SLS OPC DPC
User InformationRouting
LabelSIO
Subservice
Field (SSF)
Service
Indicator (SI)
Signalling Information Field (SIF)
4 14 14 4 4
First bittransmitted
OPC Originating Point CodeDPC Destination Point CodeSLS Signalling Link Selection
0000 (0H): SNM
0001 (1H): SNT
0011 (3H): SCCP
0100 (4H): TUP
0101 (5H): ISUP
1101 (DH): BICC
00XX (0H) : IN0
01XX (4H) : IN1
10XX (8H) : NA0
11XX (CH) : NA1
ZNPI;
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Signalling network function
2 functions:
Signalling message handling Discrimination (using DPC)
Distribution (using SIO)
Routing (using DPC and network indicator)
Signalling network management Signalling traffic management (changeover procedure, changeback
procedure, and so on)
Signalling route management (TFP, TFA, and so on) Signalling link management (link activation, deactivation, restorationprocedure)
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Signalling message handling
Messagediscrimination
Message
distribution
Messagerouting
DPC = own SPC
MTP2
MTP3User Part
DPC own SPC
ISUP TUP SCCP Network ManagementSignalling message handling
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Signalling Link Selection (SLS)
To control the LOAD Sharing the selection of a Signalling Link
in a Signaling Route Set, giving the corresponding SLC
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Load sharing within a linkset1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
- - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0001 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0010 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0011 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0100 1 1 2 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
0101 1 2 3 2 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
0110 1 1 1 3 2 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
0111 1 2 2 4 3 2 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
1000 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
1001 1 2 1 2 5 4 3 2 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
1010 1 1 2 3 1 5 4 3 2 1 11 11 11 11 11 11
1011 1 2 3 4 2 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 12 12 12 12
1100 1 1 1 1 3 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 13 13 13
1101 1 2 2 2 4 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 14 141110 1 1 3 3 5 3 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 15
1111 1 2 1 4 1 4 2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16
SLS
LINK
ZNEO:NA0,XXXX;
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Load sharing between link sets
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8- - - - - - - -
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0010 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
0011 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
0100 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
0101 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
0110 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
0111 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
1000 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5
1001 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
1010 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
1011 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
1100 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
1101 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
1110 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LINK SET
SLS
ZNRI:NA0,XXXX;
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Signalling network management messagesThe SIO in MSU classifies two groups:
Signalling network management (SNM)
SI in SIO=0000
Signalling network testing and maintenance (SNT)
SI in SIO=0001
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SNM structure
F CK SIF SIO LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
4 4 4 14 14 4 4 [bit]
MSU First bittransmitted
User Information H1 H0 SLS OPC DPC SSFSI
0000
SSF Subservice FieldH0 Heading code indicating which message group the message belong toH1 Heading code indicating the message within the group in question
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Heading code for SNM messages
GROUPH0 H1
0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 10000000
CHM 0001 COO COA CBD CBA
ECM 0010 ECO ECA
FCM 0011 RCT TFC
TFM 0100 TFP TFR TFARSM 0101 RST RSR
MIM 0110 LIN LUN LIA LUA LID LFU LLT LRT
TRM 0111 TRADLM 1000 DLC CSS CNS CNPUFC 1010 UPU
SNT
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SNT messagesThere are only two SNT messages:
Signalling Link Test Message (SLTM)
Signalling Link Test Acknowledge (SLTA)
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Signalling traffic management procedures-Changeover-Changeback
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Changeover procedure
In case of a signalling link failure, the signalling traffic from a failed link is
diverted to one alternative signalling link using a changeover message.
Procedure1. The signalling traffic from a faulty link is stopped. New signalling
messages for this link are buffered in the transmission buffer of
signalling link X.2. An alternativesignalling link (link Y) is chosen.
3. A changeover message (COO)is sent to the remote end. Thischangeover message contains the signalling link code (SLC) of thefaulty link and the FSN of the last successfully transmitted MSU.
4. The reception of COO message is acknowledged by sending achangeover acknowledgement (COA)message.
5. The signalling link selection table is changed.
Ch t ll l li k
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Changeover to a parallel link
A B
SLC = X
SLC = Y
1) COO (SLC=X, FSN)
2) COA
0) Faulty link
3) Change SLS table in CCSU
H1=0001=COO Changeover order signal
H1=0010=COA Changeover acknowledgement signal
1
0FSN of last
accepted MSUH1
H0=0001
(CMN)Routing Label
7 4 4 32
Ch b k d
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Changeback procedure
The objective of the changeback procedure is to ensure that the
transfer of the signalling from the alternative signalling link toa signalling link that has become available again issuccessful.
Procedure1) Automatically the traffic is returned to the now available
signalling link.
2) The signalling link selection (SLS) table is updated and the
new information is distributed to all CCSUs.3) A changeback message(CBD)is sent to the remote end
and acknowledged with a changeback acknowledgementmessage (CBA)
Ch b k t d li k
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Changeback to a recovered link
A B
SLC = X
SLC = Y
1) CBD (SLC=X)
2) CBA
0) Recovered link
H1=0101=CBD Changeback declaration signal
H1=0110=CBA Changeback acknowledgement signal
Changeback code H1H0=0001
CHMRouting Label
8 4 4 32
3) Update SLS table in all CCSUs
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Signalling route management procedures-Transfer-prohibited-Forced rerouting-Signalling-route-set-test-Transfer-allowed-Controlled rerouting
T f hibit d d
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Transfer-prohibited procedure
This procedure informs the adjacent network elements about
the unavailability of a destination
Procedure1) In case of unavailability of a signalling route set (e.g. the
route between B and D is no longer available and neither Bnor D have any alternative route to reach the destination), Band D send a transfer-prohibited message (TFP)includingthe DPC of the network element which is no longerreachable to the adjacent signalling points.
2) The reception of a transfer-prohibited message (TFP)causes a forced rerouting procedure
Transfer prohibited procedure
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Transfer-prohibited procedure
2) TFP (DPC=D)
2) TFP (DPC=D) 2) TFP (DPC=B)
1)
TFP Transfer-prohibited Message
2
00 DestinationH1=0001
TFP
H0=0100
TFMRouting Label
14 4 4 32
SP A
SP B
SP C
SP E
SP D
F d ti d
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Forced rerouting procedure
On reception of a transfer-prohibited message (TFP), the
forced rerouting procedure is activated.
Procedure
1) An alternative route to the destination which was named in
the received TFP is searched and the traffic is rerouted viathe new route
F d ti g d
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Forced rerouting procedure
1) TFP (DPC=D)
1) TFP (DPC=D) 1) TFP (DPC=B)
2) FRR:
Signalling traffic to D via C2) FRR:
Signalling traffic to D via E
2) FRR:
Signalling traffic
to B via C
SP A
SP B
SP C
SP E
SP D
Signalling route set test procedure
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Signalling-route-set-test procedure
Test procedure for checking the availability of a signalling route.
Procedure
1) On reception of a TFP message, the signalling point initiatesthe signalling-route-set-test procedure.
2) A, C and E send periodically a signalling-route-set-test(RST) to B respectively to D. This message contains thesame DPC like in the received TFP message.
3) The reception of a RST message causes B respectively D tocheck the availability of the route.
4) In case the signalling route is still unavailable, noacknowledgement is sent.
5) In case the signalling route is available again, a transfer-allowed (TFA) message is sent back
Signalling route set test procedure
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Signalling-route-set-test procedure
RST (DPC=D)
RST (DPC=D)
RST (DPC=B)
RST Signalling-route-set-test message
2
00 DestinationH1=0001
RST
H0=0101
RSMRouting Label
14 4 4 32
SP A
SP B
SP C
SP E
SP D
Transfer allowed procedure
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Transfer-allowed procedure
Procedure to inform the adjacent signalling points that a
destination is available again
Procedure
1) If the route set becomes available again, B and D send a
transfer-allowed (TFA) message including the DPC of thenetwork element which is available again to the adjacentsignalling points.
B sends the DPC of D
D sends the DPC of B
2) The reception of a TFA message may cause a controlledreroutingprocedure
Transfer allowed procedure
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Transfer-allowed procedure
2) TFA (DPC=D)
2) TFA (DPC=D)2) TFA (DPC=B)
1)
TFA Transfer-allowed Message
2
00 DestinationH1=0101
TFA
H0=0100
RSMRouting Label
14 4 4 32
SP A
SP B
SP C
SP E
SP D
Controlled rerouting procedure
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Controlled rerouting procedure
Procedure to restore the optimal signalling routing
3 different cases to distinguished:
1) In the case the route that become available again has ahigher prioritythan the route actually used, the controlled
rerouting procedure is performed.2) In the case the route that becomes available again has the
same priorityas the route actually used and load sharing isallowed, the traffic is spread over both routes.
3) In the case the route that become available again has thesame priorityas the route actually used and load sharing isdenied, the traffic is still sent over the actually used route.
Controlled rerouting procedure
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Controlled rerouting procedure
TFA (DPC=D)
TFA (DPC=D)
TFA (DPC=B)
SP A
SP B
SP C
SP E
SP D
MTP in a nutshell
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MTP in a nutshellCCS7 Transport over TDM
Message delimitation (F)
Error detection and correction (CK)
Sequence control (FSN, BSN, BIB, FIB)
Message Routing (Network + DPC)
Message Distribution (SIO)
Load sharing (SLS)
Signaling network management
Creating MTP< ZNCN< ZNSC
< ZNRC
Activating MTP< ZNLA + ZNLC
< ZNVA + ZNVC
Checking MTP< ZNET
MTP in a nutshell
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MTP in a nutshell
FBSN
BIB
FSN
FIB
LICKF MTP-3DATA
First bit transmitted
SIODPCOPC
SL
x
MTP USER
DATA
To upper layer
protocols
MTP-3
MTP-2
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