MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Organizing Data and Information...

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1

Organizing Data and Information

Chapter 5

Principles and Learning Objectives

• The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach.

– Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management.

– Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.

• A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making.

– Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems.

• The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits

– Identify and briefly discuss current database applications.

The Hierarchy of Data

Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys

The Traditional versus the Database Approach to Data Management

The Traditional Approach

Traditional Approach

• Data redundancy• Program-data dependence• Data integrity

Database Approach

Advantages of the Database Approach

Disadvantages of the Database Approach

Data Modeling & Database Models

Data Modeling and Database Models

• Content - What data should be collected?• Access - What data should be given to what users?• Logical structure - How will the data be organized to

make sense to a particular user?• Physical organization - Where will the data actually be

located?

Data Modeling

• Enterprise data modeling• Planned data redundancy• Data model• Entity-relationship diagrams

Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams

Data Models

• Hierarchical models• Network models• Relational models

Hierarchical (Tree) Models

Network Models

Relational Models

Data Cleanup

Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

• Provide a user view• Create and modify the database• Store and retrieve data• Manipulate data• Produce reports

Creating and Modifying the Database

Data Definition Language

Creating and Modifying the Database

Data Dictionary Benefits

• Reduced data redundancy• Faster program development• Easier data & information modification• Increased data reliability

Storing and Retrieving Data

Structured Query Language

Database Output

Popular Database Management Systems

Selecting a DBMS

• Database size• Number of concurrent users• Performance• Integration• Features• Vendor• Cost

Database Management Systems

Data Warehouses

Comparison of OLTP and Data Warehousing

Database Developments

• Data warehouses• Data marts• Data mining

Data Mining

Distributed Databases

On-Line Analytical Processing

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

Object-Relational Database Management Systems

• Stores objects• Hypermedia• Spatial data technology

Summary

• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses

• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs

• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) - do not support the types of data analysis needed today

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Organizing Data and Information...

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