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MORPHOLOGY
• is a description of the tale according to its component parts and the relationship of these components to each other and to the whole
LINEAR SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURE
• Follows the cronological order of the linear sequence of elements in the text as reported from an informant.
FUNCTIONS OF DRAMATIS PERSONAE
• Limited – 31 functions
• A large number arranged in pairs (prohibition – violation)
• In groups (villainy – dispatch – decision for counteraction – departure)
• Individual (absentation, punishment, marriage)
1. ABSENTATION
• One of the members of a family absents himself from home
(goes on a distant journey, visiting, fishing, for a walk)
3. VIOLATION OF INTERDICTION
• The prohibition is violated
• a new personage enters the tale – the villain (a dragon, a witch)
5. DELIVERY
• The villain receives information about his victim (directly receives an answer, a dialogue between the stepmother and the mirror)
TRICKERY
• The villain attempts to deceive the victim in order to take possession of him or his belongings (the villain assumes a disguise, uses persuasion, applies magical means.....)
7. COMPLICITY
• The victim submits to deception and unwittingly helps his enemy
(interdictions are always broken and deceitful proposals are always accepted and fulfilled)
8. VILLAINY
• Complication is begun
• The villain causes harm or injury to a member of a family (abducts a person, takes away a magical agent, spoils the crops, causes bodily harm, causes a sudden disappearance, casts a spell.....)
8.a LACK
• One member of a family either lacks something or desires to have something (wondrous objects, bride.....)
9. MEDIATION, THE CONNECTIVE INCIDENT
• Misfortune or lack is made known, the hero is approached with a request, he is allowed to go or is dispatched
11. DEPARTURE
• The hero leaves home
• A new character enters the tale – THE DONOR or THE PROVIDER (usually encountered accidentally)
• The seeker hero or the victim hero obtains some agent (usually magical) which permits the eventual liquidation of misfortune.
12. THE FIRST FUNCTION OF THE DONOR
• The hero is tested, which prepares for his receiving a magical agent or a helper
15. SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE BETWEEN TWO KINGDOMS, GUIDANCE
• The hero is transferred, delivered or led to the whereabouts of an object of search
17. BRANDING, MARKING
• The hero is branded (receives a wound, a princess brands the hero on the forehead with a signet ring.....)
22. RESCUE
• The hero is rescued
• Many tales end on the note of rescue from pursuit or there is another misfortune etc.
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