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Monitoring of volcanic SO2 emissions using the GOME-2 satellite instrument
USEReST Workshop 2008Naples, November 12th, 2008
M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao, T. Erbertseder, J. van Geffen, C. Maerker, K. Seidenberger
Overview
Introduction
The GOME-2 instrument
Examples of volcanic eruptions and degassingEtna, Italy, May 2008
Okmok, Alaska, July 2008
Papua New Guinea, 2008
Data application in volcanic early warning services
Summary & Outlook
Etna eruption seen from ISS, 2002 © NASA
Introduction
Ground based monitoring only for limited number of volcanoes
Space based atmospheric sensors (GOME, GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, OMI) make it possible to monitor volcanic activity on a global scale
Changes in volcanic SO2 flux can be indicator for volcanic unrest
Monitoring on a daily basis
Information about remote locations
Near-real time information can be used for early warning services
Exupéry
GlobVolcano
Promote/ SACS
The GOME-2 instrument
GOME-2/MetOp-A is part of EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS)
MetOp-A launched: 19 Oct. 2006, Operational: 15 May 2007
GOME-2 level-1 product: March, 2007
GOME-2 spatial/temporal coverage
Orbit: sun-synchronous, 09:30h
(descending node)
Spatial resolution: 80x40 km2
Global coverage in 1 ½ days
GOME-2 spectral coverage
Wavelength: 240 – 790 nm
Resolution: 0.5 nm
© ESA-AOES Medialab
GOME-2 SO2 column product
GOME-2 SO2 columns produced by DLR in near-real time (Operational product)
Within the framework of EUMETSAT's Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring SAF (O3M-SAF)
SO2 retrieval with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)
Retrieval in UV-Wavelength Region (315 – 326 nm), good sensitivity to SO2 in lower atmosphere (volcanic degassing)
Daily volcanic activity maps
wdc.dlr.de/sensors/gome2
GOME-2 Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide
Etna Eruption May 10th, 2008
Transport of SO2 cloud from Etna, 11th – 13th May, 2008
Etna Eruption May 10th, 2008 (Trajectory matching)
Trajectory matching to determine source and height of the detected SO2
“Trajectory matching and dispersion modelling of volcanic plumes utilizing space-based SO2 observations”, C. Maerker (Poster)
Etna Eruption May 13th, 2008
SO2 cloud from Etna Erutpion detected by GOME-2 on May 14th , 2008
Etna Eruption detected by Meteosat-9 on May
13th, 2008
Okmok Eruption, 12th July 2008
© Alaska Airline, Kelly Reeves
SO2 cloud, July 12th – 14th, 2008
Aerosol IndexJuly 12th – 13th, 2008
Okmok Eruption, 13th July 2008
© Alaska Airline, Kelly Reeves
MODISAVHRR
GOME-2
Trajectory matching
Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu)Rabaul
Bagana
Ambrym © sailawaycriuise, Sonny Whitelaw
© Simon Woolley
© 2001, Donna S. Schafer
Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu)
Feb. 2008 Mar. 2008 Apr. 2008
May 2008 Jun. 2008 Jul. 2008
Volcanic Degassing (Papua New Guinea/ Vanuatu)
Rabaul Bagana Ambrym
January 11195.4 13605.2 18022.4
February 37165.4 58731.1 21048.8
March 30657.0 31328.9 19922.7
April 25592.3 10140.5 18602.4
May 38958.3 16464.4 19222.2
June 34288.7 11971.0 29420.1
July 45912.4 14293.1 29083.1
August 29011.6 14751.7 29860.5
Total 252781.1 171285.9 185182.6
Total SO2 emissions in tonsJan. 2008 – Aug. 2008
Rabaul
Ambrym
Bagana
GlobVolcano
Satellite Monitoring in Support to Early Warning of Volcanic Risk
EO based integrated services to support volcanological observatories and other mandate users in their monitoring activities
ESA/ DUE project
GOME-2 SO2 in GlobVolcano
NRT retrieval of volcanic SO2
SO2 information for volcanic regions selected for GlobVolcano
Optimal settings (background corrections, AMFs) for these geographical regions for better detection limit
www.globvolcano.org
Exupéry- Volcano Fast Response System
Development of a prototype mobile volcano fast response systemPart of the German Geotechnology ProgramCombination of different monitoring techniques
Satellite based observationsGround derformationThermal anomaliesVolcanic SO2
SO2 retrieval in NRT
Daily SO2 maps for volcanic regions supplied to databaseOther related SO2 information (Maxima + Location, Threshold Levels)
www.exupery-vfrs.de
Summary & Outlook
Possibility to detect volcanic eruptions and degassing in NRT
Operational product
Daily information for different volcanic regions worldwide
Especially degassing information is very valuable for early warning of volcanic risk
Future workOptimize retrieval for degassing situations with low SO2 amounts
Use in combination with ground based measurements for validation and to estimate the detection limit for GOME-2 SO2
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