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Mo Review• What was Reconstruction?
• How did some Northerners disagree over the nature of Reconstruction?
• Was Presidential Reconstruction hard or easy on the South?
• Describe Presidential Reconstruction.
• What were some good things about Presidential Reconstruction?
• What were some bad things about Presidential Reconstruction?
• Why might some people in the North not like Presidential Reconstruction?
Review• Was Congressional Reconstruction easy or hard on the
South?
• Describe Congressional Reconstruction.
• Why might some people in the South not like Congressional Reconstruction?
• What were the 13th , 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution?
• What were the Black Codes and why did they make the Radical Republicans mad?
• Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?
Today’s Objectives• How white southerners respond to
Congressional (or radical) Reconstruction.
• How white southerners prevented blacks from voting in the South.
• How and why the KKK was formed.
• How and why Reconstruction came to an end.
South during Reconstruction
• ¼ of whites can’t vote.
• Many African American elected to state legislatures.
• Also 20 in House of Reps. & 2 in Senate.
• Never a majority.
Freedmen in Govt.
• Try to implement ambitious program: public schools, internal improvements, poor relief, etc.
• Massive increase in spending.
• Lots of corruption (also in North).
White Southerners’ Spin
• “Bayonet Rule”
• Incompetent Blacks are running things.
• Corrupt “Carpetbaggers” taking advantage of the situation.
Southern Terms during Reconstruction
• Scalawags = Southerners who go along with Reconstruction.
• Carpetbaggers = Northerners who came down to the South to participate in Reconstruction or take advantage of the South while it was down.
• Redeemers = Southerners who sought to make the South how it had been.
The Birth of the KKK
• Ku Klux Klan = A white Supremacist organization organized to terrorize Freedmen.
• Founded in 1866 in Tennessee.
• Originally organized by ex-confederate soldiers.
Sharecropping
• Economic system in the South that replaces slavery.
• Former plantation owners agree to let Freedmen farm on their land in return for a portion of what they grow.
• Problem is, that to get started, Freedmen need to borrow seeds, supplies, food, etc. (the Plantation owner usually provided these things too).
• The Freedmen, therefore, started in debt and never really got out.
How Redeemers Regain political Control of the South.
• Southerners who oppose Reconstruction are in the Democratic Party—Why?
• KKK used violence to keep many Freedmen (and white Republicans) from voting.
• Redeemers come up with literacy tests, poll taxes, and Grandfather Laws to get around the 15th- Amendment and prevent Freedmen from voting.
• Use violence/poll-taxes/literacy tests, eventually keeps many blacks and carpetbaggers from voting.
• By 1872, almost all whites could vote again.
• By 1874, all but 3 southern states had been “redeemed.”
The End of Reconstruction
• By 1877, Democrats had regained control of all of the Southern state Governments.
• People in the North have grown tired of Reconstruction.
• Corruption scandals hurt the Republican party.
• The Presidential election of 1876—between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden--is disputed.
• Democrats agree to let Hayes (a Republican) win if he agrees to remove the troops from the South.
South after Reconstruction
• Called the “New South”
• Most blacks can’t vote.
• Most blacks are poor sharecroppers.
• Almost all whites are Democrats (the “Solid South”).
• Segregation beings —separate facilities for blacks and whites (Jim Crow Laws).
Review
• What was the cause of the sectional tension between the North and the South that eventually led to the Civil War?
• Who won the Civil War?
• Who was President of the North?
• Who was President of the South?
• Who were “scalawags”?
• Who were “Redeemers”?
• Who were “Carpetbaggers”?
• Who were the KKK?
• How did the Redeemers regain control of southern state governments?
• What was the controversy surrounding the presidential election of 1876?
• How did the election of 1876 officially end reconstruction?
• Describe the South after Reconstruction ended?
• Was Reconstruction a success or failure?
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