Migration From 4G to 5G

Migration from 4G to 5G - Revolution or Evolution ? -

Sept. 4th, 2013 The 6th International Workshop on 5G

Yukitsuna Furuya Tokyo Institute of Technology

General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations

1st Generation

2nd Generation

3rd Generation

4th Generation

Service

Network

What is 4G ?

IMT-2000

Mobility

1 10 100 1000 Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)

New Mobile Access

Enhanced IMT-

2000 Enhancement

Officially IMT-A is 4G. But people call LTE as 4G, since there is a large change from 3G.

What will be 5G then ?

Nobody knows yet 3

My view on Generation technology

Start from limited area

Cover the whole area

Replace the previous generation

If there is a technology called 5G, it must be applicable to Macro Cell

Requirements to future Macro Cell technology

Very high flexibility, although many people say higher bit rate

Frequency allocation to mobile operators in Japan

Band 700M 800M 900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G 2.5G Total (MHz)

NTT docomo 20 30 *1 30 *2 40 40 160 KDDI 20 30 20 40 110 Softbank 30 20 40 90 E-mobile 20 30 50 UQ 30 30 WCP 30 30

Wilcom *3 31.2 31.2

Total: 500MHz 17% of spectrum below 3GHz Small portion compared with industry size

Current wireless systems • Below 3GHz, many different usage

– Broadcasting (TV, radio ) – Special Mobile Radio

• Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas – Public radio

• Military, police, ambulance,・・・ – Satellites

• LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS – Amateur radio – Wireless LAN, PAN – And so on

• Too many systems !

From national economy viewpoint

• Government should maximize economical value of spectrum

• Mobile systems are far more spectrum efficient than other systems – Late comer – Very high traffic demand compared with spectrum

allocated • Each system has its own requirements, but many

of then can be covered technically by mobile systems

SMR system trends

• SMR systems are based on either TRTRA or iDEN, – Police, ambulance, disaster warning, train, ship, taxi,

electricity, gas,,,,

• They need to change to broadband systems • There are many independent SMR systems, each

of them has a small chunk of spectrum – This makes broadband difficult – Infrastructure cost is high, because many overlapped

coverage by independent systems

SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband

• LTE can provide wireless broadband service with high spectrum efficiency, much higher than SMRs

• Cellular systems will converge to LTE – Because of its market size, cost of equipment will

come down , even if it is complicated • LTE will keep evolving

– Big industry effort is spent on 3GPP to make LTE system better

– Even if some function is not in LTE now, it will be included in the future

Band operation re-arrangement

Railway A Railway B Taxi Electricity

Operator X

t TDMA

New Service New Service

OFDM Arrangement

New Service 12

Additional requirements to LTE

• Most SMRs require exclusive spectrum resource – This can be realized appropriate resource allocation.

TDMA is an example – It can be introduced to LTE – High reliability is also required

• Many SMRs require group call function – LTE already have eMBMS

• Some SMRs require strong security – LTE security is reasonably strong – If necessary, it can be enhance by higher protocol

Running LTE SMR (1)

• Currently, SMR license is divided into small pieces – Each company has 100KHz or 200KHz band

• A new operating company, handling many SMR license should be established and that operator should deploy broadband LTE – FirstNet is a good example – The operator should guarantee traffic to previous

license holders

• Several business models are possible

Running LTE SMR (2)

• There will be surplus frequency resource for new services since LTE spectrum efficiency is higher than current SMR

• Who will use the surplus resource on what, should be determined based on LTE network investment

• Business model should be deeply discussed

700MHz band allocation in US

Band 17: AT&T:LTE Band 13: Verizon:LTE Band 14： Public Safety Broadband Military, police, ambulance,, combined broadband Operator will be the FirstNet, part of government

Basic FirstNet concept

• A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in US – 99% area coverage of US

• FirstNet will provide service – FirstNet is a new US organization to run braodband public

safety • Technology is LTE • FirstNet will share the network with mobile operators

– To reduce the investment on base stations • US government made some functional request to 3GPP

Restoration form a disaster

・On emergency, communication tool is very important ・Special consideration should be paid on safety wireless

Introduction of Very Low Rate

Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station Activity has started in 3GPP under M2M WI

TV broadcast should be LTE based

• Currently, digital TV systems use their own transmission method – US, JAPAN, EU, China has their own standards

• All digital TV should be TD-LTE based – Two-way communication capability on TV will help a

interesting TV program a lot – Ratio can be 20 down, 1 up link – No technical difficulty exist – Global standard – Internet TV, Mobile TV will be much simpler

• TV White Space will be effectively used by two way communications

• Spectrum license holder can be broadcaster or other people

• 3GPP WI: L-band for Supplemental Downlink in E-UTRA and UTRA is a starting point of this, same as MediaFLO.

TV broadcast should be LTE based

PMSE should be LTE based

• PMSE (Program Making Special Event） is a communication system to deliver TV signal to center site

• If it is LTE based, it can use cellular LTE system, when spectrum resource is available.

• Currently, TV white space usage is under consideration.

• If both broadcasting and PMSE are LTE based, white space can be used very effectively

Wireless LAN can be LTE based

• Wireless LAN physical layer can be LTE layer 1 – Wireless LAN chip is already produced enough – Cost down effect LTE WLAN is not so large – Interwork between LTE-WLAN will be easier

• WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based – CSMA-CA is essential for unlicensed band – 3GPP may better consider introduction of CSMA-

CA to LTE

What should not be LTE based

• PAN (Personal Area Network) should not be changed to LTE – For a short distance communications, spectrum

efficiency is not an issue – In many cases, cost and power efficiency is more

important than spectrum efficiency for PAN – LTE is not designed for such a purpose

Summary on LTE convergence

• Most of the wide area wireless systems are better evolved to LTE

• This does not mean mobile operator should control most of the spectrum – There should be considerations on non-economic

value • If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a

vast economical benefit as a whole • US FirstNet is the starting point of this activity

– US may introduce LTE TV broadcasting as well

Conclusions

• High speed transmission in higher frequency is important, but we should look at lower frequency optimization as well

• LTE will be applied to almost all wide area wireless systems – US will lead this through FirstNet – Broadcasting will (may?) be LTE based as well

• Next change to mobile radio technology is to increase flexibility so that it can be applied to many other wireless systems

5G Mobile Communication

Networking Technology

Professor WANG Jing

Tsinghua University, China

wangj@tsinghua.edu.cn

2013.07.17.

Outline

Future Requirements

Technology Developments

Hyper-cellular Architecture

Conclusions

Future Requirements

Mobile terminal market

Mobile Service Market

Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and Smart phones

Over 5 billions of download applications

Mobile data traffic is doubled

every 13 months

Requirement Forecast

Total subscriber base increases

10% YoY

Mobile broadband penetration to

reach 100% by 2020

Traffic volume per subscriber

increases 25-40% YoY

Traffic volume increases by:

x150-500 from 2010 to 2020 and

x3000-30000 from 2010 to 2030

The 1000x data challenge (ref 2010) may likely happen during the period 2022-2026

Technology goals of the 5G

METIS Project Objectives

• C5G Project Objectives • Area Data Throughout of 25 times Improvement to 4G

• Frequency Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G

• Service Data Throughput of 10Gbps

• Energy Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G

Technology Developments

Air Interface Technologies

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

GSM GPRS EDGE EDGE+ Evolution

UMTS HDPA HSPA+ UMTS-A

LTE LTE-A LTE-B LTE-C

GMSK+CC +TDMA QPSK+TC +CDMA QAM+OFDM+MIMO New Air Interface

??? 5G

Transmission Technology Contributions

MIMO ICIC

Where are

we going to?

System Architecture Evolution

R99R5R8 (3GPP)

From Tree to full mesh

Coverage Limitations

Environment Downlink

(bit/s/Hz)

Uplink

(bit/s/Hz)

Indoor 0.1 0.07

Microcellular 0.075 0.05

Base coverage

0.06 0.03

High speed 0.04 0.015

Environment Downlink

(bit/s/Hz)

Uplink

(bit/s/Hz)

Indoor 3 2.25

Microcellular 2.6 1.80

Base coverage

2.2 1.4

High speed 1.1 0.7

Average frequency efficiency

Frequency efficiency of cell edge

Small Cell Limitations

Cell size

Capacity (users/MHz/km2)

• Path loss exponent decreases with

reducing cell size because of LOS

happening more

• Inter-cell Interference increases

Significantly with Decreasing of Path

loss exponent

Network capacity does not improve

Continuously with decreasing cell

size because of ICI

Possible Solutions for 1000x

3x increase in spectrum

Re-farming Existing bands for more efficient use

New licensed bands, including higher frequencies for hot-spot

6x improvement in spectral efficiency

Higher-order modulation to 256QAM to increase the amount of data transported per

Hz of spectrum

3D MIMO and massive antenna beam forming with arrays of as many as 100+

antenna elements

Coordinated multiple point transmission and interference management techniques to

improve cell-edge performance

56x higher average cell density in HetNet configurations

The addition of many layer cells including macro, micro, pico, femto, relay,

phantom, ……

Traffic Balancing and offloading of many modes including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G,

WiFi, ……

Clouds of antennae will provide the biggest boost to capacity through extreme

frequency reuse.

Source：http://www.wiseharbor.com/index.html

ICI Cancellation Performance

• 4X4 MIMO

• 20MHz Bandwidth @ 3.5GHz

• APs(antennas only) connect Computing

Unit by RoF

古北路

虹古路

芙蓉江路

仙霞路

运动场

档案馆

AP1 AP2

AP1+AP2 CoMP

Source: China FuTURE Project

Lessons learnt from Past 40 Years

Source: http://www.arraycomm.com/technology/coopers-law

iency x

Spectrum Employed x 25

•TACSGSM：4 times（2G）

•GSM UMTS：2.5 times（3G）

•UMTS LTE：2.5 times（4G）

Network density improves system capacity of 60

times compared other domains.

5G Technologies should Enable ‘Net Work’

CoMP: ICIC Algorithm + Architecture

Cell Density: 250m33m Small cell, phantom cell

HetNet: layers and modes

Mobility: Handover：horizontal and vertical

Connectivity：always online

Hyper-Cellular Architecture

Hyper-Cellular Architecture (HCA)

Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane

Seamless coverage of C-Plane/U-Plane

Soft coverage of D-Plane

Soft access mode matching

Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems

D-Plane Implemented by Distributed Wireless

Communication Systems (DWCS)

Virtual Node-B

Virtually Cell

Separating the Coverage of

C-Plane and D-Plane

The decoupling of the control signaling coverage and traffic data

coverage

Coverage Example

Soft access mode matching

Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems

GSM 900MHz

LTE 3.5GHz

WiFi 2.4GHz

D-Plane

C-Plane

DWCS Based D-Plane

Node C3 Node C4

Node C1 Node C2

Cable/Fiber

Node A

Elements in DWCS

NodeA: Antenna Units Interfaces between air and fiber

NodeC: Computation Units Modems, filters,…

Connection Between NodeA and NodeC High performance mashed network

Virtual NodeB=NodeAs+NodeC MT oriented Processing

Virtual Cells MT oriented coverage

2013/8/27 23

Inter-Antenna Interference Cancellations

under DWCS

MTs with WCDMA voice

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

m=1,=3

m=2,=3

m=4,=3

m=1,=4

m=2,=4

m=4,=4

Number of mobiles per antenna

Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003

DWCS Example – C-RAN

C-RAN is proposed by the China Mobile (CMCC)

Baseband processing is Centralized logically

Radio processing is Cooperative

Computation Units is real-time Cloud

Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems

C-RAN Construction

… …

PHY/MAC

RRU RRU

BBU Pool BBU Pool BBU Pool

负载均衡

高速交换

PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC

Fiber Transmission

Distributed RRU

Cooperative

Real-time Cloud

HCA Advantages

Connection Suitable for Diverse RANs

Different operation modes: 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, ……

Different coverage layers: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto,

Relay, Phantom, ……

Different AI constructions: eNodeB, NodeB, DAS, C-RAN,

DWCS, ……

Energy Management: AP on/off, Power control, ……

Good Performance

Good Connectivity & Mobility

Flexibility, Scalability, Cost & Energy efficiency

Challenges of HCA Realization

Optimize Coverage of C-Plane

Unified signaling capacity

Special services in U-Plane

Optimize Coverage of D-Plane

Service oriented

UE oriented

Energy oriented

Redefine Radio Resources

Time slot, frequency band, location, beams, mode, layer, etc.

Redefine the signaling procedure

Defining Cell-ID, Synchronizing, Accessing, Handover, Paging,

Power control, Radio resource management, etc.

Challenges of DWCS Realization

High Quality Network

Broad band up to Tbps

High timing accuracy reach ps

Full meshed connection

High Performance Computing Units

Reconfigurable

Scalable

Reliable

Real-time Cloud

Conclusions

Networking technologies play an

important role in the 5G systems

The Hyper-Cellular architecture splits

coverage of signaling and data to meet

the evolution of mobile networks

DWCS can meet requirements of radio

technology evolution

5G 포럼 WORKSHOP

김성국, 이호원

Past Decades

All-IP

IP absorbed other communication protocols

Personalization

Customized services

Smartphone is a personal computer

Mobile

Most used information device is a mobile phone

Social

Sharing information with acquaintances

Users produce information

Smartphone

The biggest disruption

3G(4G) + Cloud service + Mobility

Mobile device is not inferior but superior

Future Internet Trends

Scalability

1 billion (2008) 2 billon (2014) PCs

200 million (2008) 2 billion (2014) smartphones

5 exabytes (2005) 990 exabytes (2012) data

13 exabytes (2010) 42 exabytes (2014) consumer monthly data

Heterogeneity

vehicles, sensors, smartphones, home appliances

Mobility

From Internet of contents to Internet of services

Accelerating Trends

On-demand

Context-aware information

Services should be ready before requested

Personalization

From personal device to personal service

Mobile

New services will start from mobile services

Social

More information will be spread through social network

New Challenge

Information inequality

Access to information is a part of basic right

Bigger gap between economic status

Cyber security

Mobile services are more prone to security attack

More intelligent devices

How to embed intelligence into more mundane devices

New Service Area

Conquer non-IP communication

Broadcasting, law enforcement, medical services

Expand into not-yet computerized/connected area

Automotive to clothing

Augmented Human Intelligence

Health Care

Reduce medial cost

From public health care to personal health service

Requirement

Continuous flow of information

Virtually limitless flow of information

Bi-direction flow of information

High value knowledge extraction from information

Device-transparency

Mobile Cloud

Cloud centric services are not sustainable

Too much traffic between mobile network and IP

backbone

Mobile backhaul will be a cloud network

Mobile backhaul will be bigger than current cloud

datacenter

Cloud Networking

Cloud service = computing + networking Diverse traffic characteristics

Customer traffic Multimedia

Interactive service

Infra traffic Short important messages

Bulk data transfer

Inter-data center traffic

Data source is integrated with delivery channels

Strong incentives on network innovation

Network performance has huge impact on service quality

New Topology

휴대전화

Cloud service provider

(Naver, Google, …)

Current network

5G 예시

Future network

Future Radio Access for 5GFuture Radio Access for 5G

Yoshihisa KishiyamaYoshihisa KishiyamaNTT DOCOMO, INC.NTT DOCOMO, INC.

Network/Communication Societyin 2020 and Beyond

Everything Connected by Wireless

Extension/enrichment of wireless services

Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safetyMonitor/collect information & control devices

Multiple personal devices

Interaction acrossmultiple devices

Transportation(Car/Bus/Train)

Consumer electronics

Watch/jewelry/cloths

House Sensors Cloud computing

Video streaming New types of terminal/HI

Healthcare Education

Safety and lifeline system

Smart power gridAgriculture and farmingFactory automationWeather/Environment

Remote operation using personal terminal

Entertainment, NavigationTraffic information

All kinds of services supported by the mobile personal cloud

Remote control of facilitiesHouse security

4K/8K video resolutionsVideo on newspapersBackground video

Glasses/Touch internet

Human interface and healtchcaresensors

Remote health check & counseling

Distance (remote) learningAny lesson anywhere/anytime

Prevention of accidentsRobustness to disasters

FRA concept and requirements

Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solutionto satisfy the requirements by future drivers

• 500 -1000 x capacity/km2 • 10-100 x higher user data rates• Reduced latency to < 1 ms• Support of high mobility• Terminal battery saving

• 100 x more connected devices• Lower overhead incl. reduced control signaling• Enhanced connectivity, e.g., deep inhouse

• Very small/light BS with energy saving• Reduced network cost incl. backhaul• Automatic network optimization for diverse

environments incl. emergency cases

Evolution paths for FRAP

RelRel--10/1110/11RelRel--8/98/9

Pico/Femto

LTELTE

LTELTE--AdvancedAdvancedRelRel--12/1312/13

PotentialPotentialNew RATNew RAT

Big gain

~2020 Year

Future Radio AccessFuture Radio Access(= Future IMT = 5G?)(= Future IMT = 5G?)

RelRel--14/15,14/15,……

• Further LTE enhancements– Macro-assisted small cell enhancement

(Phantom cell)– Further general LTE enhancements

• Potential new RAT– Should prioritize the achievement of more

big gains over backward compatibility– Consider new spectrum allocations of

WRC-15 and beyond– Some technical components may be

applied to further LTE enhancements

• Further LTE enhancements– Macro-assisted small cell enhancement

(Phantom cell)– Further general LTE enhancements

• Potential new RAT– Should prioritize the achievement of more

big gains over backward compatibility– Consider new spectrum allocations of

WRC-15 and beyond– Some technical components may be

applied to further LTE enhancements

MacroMacro--assistedassistedsmall cell enhancementsmall cell enhancement

(Phantom cell)(Phantom cell)

Further LTE enhancements

CA/eICIC/CoMPfor HetNet WRCWRC--1515 WRCWRC--18/1918/19

Considerations on New RAT• New RAT should achieve significant gains• New RAT could be non-backward compatible to LTE

What is the major change that characterizes New RAT?– New numerology?– New waveform?– New frame structure?– New idle mode?– Other things?– Or combinations of above?

• New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not?Option 1 – New RAT covers all LTE scenarios in addition to specific scenarios that LTE does not support

Option 2 – New RAT covers part of LTE scenarios and specific scenarios that LTE does not support

New RAT

Directions of evolution: “The Cube”

Spectrum extension

Network densification

Required performance

Spectrum efficiency

Current capacity

New cellular concept for cost/energy-efficient dense deployments

Non-orthogonal multiple access

Study for new interference scenarios

Dense urbanShopping mall

Hotspot

Cellular network assists local area radio access

Efficient use of higher spectrum bands

Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies

A set of radio access technologies is required to satisfy future requirements

Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands

Frequency

Very wide Super wide

Controller

3D/Massive MIMO,Advanced receiver

Traffic offloading

Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bandsHigher frequency bands become useful and beneficial!

FRA technical concept

Existing cellular bands(high power density for coverage)

Higher frequency bands(wider bandwidth for high data rate)

Frequency

Very wide(e.g. > 3GHz)

Super wide(e.g. > 10GHz)

FRA technical conceptFRA technical conceptFurther cellular enhancements

No coverage issue any moreCan provide very high throughput using wider bandwidthBig offloading gain from existing cellular bands

Non-orthogonal

multiple access

(NOMA), etc.

Exploitation of higher frequency bands

Massive MIMO,

Numerology/frame

design, etc.Phantom cell concept

(C/U plane split)

Phantom cell concept• Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands

“Phantom cell” – Split of C-plane & U-plane between macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]

C-plane: Macro cell maintains good connectivity and mobility using lower frequency bands

U-plane: Small cell provides higher throughput and more flexible/cost-energy efficient operations using higher/wider frequency bands

Existing cellular bands

Higher frequency bands

Macro cell

U-planePhantom cell

[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.

Massive MIMO

Antenna element spacing (d)

3.5 GHz(λ = 8.6 cm)

10 GHz(λ = 3 cm)

20 GHz(λ = 1.5 cm)

0.5 λ 16 169 6760.7 λ 9 81 361

Massive MIMOLTE 3D-MIMO

：：：：20cm

Example 2D antenna configuration

Cell range extension by beamforming gain

Improved spectrum efficiency with (multi-user) spatial multiplexing

• Massive MIMO – Beamforming using massive antenna elements in higher frequency bands– Essential technology to achieve effective cell range

Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency

Small cell

Massive MIMO

Macro cell

Potential issue – Coverage for common channels(system information, paging, synchronization signal, etc.)

The combination of Massive MIMO and Macro-assisted small cell

willprovide adequate cell coverage even with a high frequency

Massive MIMO & Macro-assisted

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

Effort forOrthogonality

f,ｔ,code

Effort forInterference Mitigation

Intentional Non-orthogonality

MIMOEqualizer, Canceller

FDMA,TDMA,CDMA, OFDMA

Processing power in Devices

0 20 40 60 80 100

s]UE speed [km/h]

NOMA with wideband scheduling

OMA with frequencyscheduling

OMA with widebandscheduling

30% gains

s)UE Speed(km/h)

Exploitation of power-domain, path loss difference among users, and UE processing power

Other potential technologies• New numerology and frame structure for:

– Higher frequency bands– Wider frequency bandwidths– Small cells– Reduced latency– etc.

• New waveforms– UL OFDM– FBMC, FTN, etc.

• Contention based UL access for:– Lower overhead and reduced latency for small packets from, e.g. M2M terminals

• Flexible NW for:– NW cost reduction– Coverage enhancement – Mitigation of fronthaul/backhaul bottlenecks– QoE improvement– Moving NW/mobile relay– D2D– Caching at base station/mobile terminal– etc.

FRA Real-time SimulatorThe potential performance gains of applying key FRA technologies are demonstrated using FRA real-time simulator.

Demo ScenarioSpectrum extension x NW densification

• Efficient exploitation of higher frequency bands using small cells

Key technology for small cells• Massive MIMO

• Key technology for macro cells• Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

FRA real-time simulator400 MHz BW@10 GHz 600 MHz BW@20 GHz With Massive MIMO

11 GHz Band 10 Gbps Field ExperimentsSpecifications of off-line experimental system

Transmission scheme 8x16 MIMO-OFDM

Transmit power per antenna 25 dBm

Occupied bandwidth 400 MHz

Subcarrier spacing 195 kHz

No. of active subcarriers pilot: 32, data: 2000

Modulation scheme 64QAM

Channel coding turbo code, R = 3/4 (11.8 Gbps)

MIMO detection turbo detection

Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan)

MS with 8 transmit antennas

Transmitter inside MS

16 BS receive antennas:65 degrees beam,15 dBi

Measurement Results on Field Experiments

Measured average SNR

Measured delay spread

Throughput Performance

Summary• We presented our views on vision, requirements and potential

key techologies for Future Radio Access (FRA):– Macro-assisted small cell, i.e., Phantom cell, and Massive MIMO are

promising in the long-term future for higher/wider frequency bands– Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology

for future cellular enhancements– Other technologies, e.g. new numerology/frame structure, new

waveform, contention based UL and flexible NW need to be furtherstudied

FRA technical conceptFRA technical concept

Further cellular enhancements

Exploitation of higher frequency bands

Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands

Non-orthogonal

multiple access

(NOMA), etc. Massive MIMO,

Numerology/frame

design, etc.Phantom cell concept

(C/U plane split)

To Beyond 4G Mobile

Communication and 5G

Pang-An, Ting

ICL / ITRI

September 2013

Outline

Perspective requirements in 2020

Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)

Feasible technologies for 5G

ITRI’s planning on 5G system

Outline

2000 2010 2020

Progress of Telecommunication Era --- My Viewpoints

• Gossip

• Gaming

• Girls

• Globalization • Radio

• Standard

• Growth • Gbps

everywhere

• Giga number

of devices

Generations

Regard 3G as a

platform of

Source: “4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband “ by Erik Dahlman etc.

LTE-Advanced (4G)

Source : MTK

3GPP activities

Definition of Beyond 4G

Rel-12

Source：NSN, Cisco, (Oct 2012)

Demand of mobile data traffic Spectrum supply and usage

Source：Rysavy Research (Oct 2012)

raffic(E

Perspective Requirements at 2020

(x sec to x msec)

(xMbps to xGbps)

Spectrum

Efficiency

Spectrum

Extension/

Utilization

Network

Efficiency/

Density

1000x Capacity = × ×

Three Dimensions for Capacity Improvement

Dimensions Feasible technologies

Spectrum efficiency

• Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA) • Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart antenna

Spectrum extension

• New Carrier Type (NCT) • Carrier aggregation (CA) • TV white space • Visible Light Communication (VLC) • Cognitive Radio (CR)

Network configuration

& optimization

• Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul) • Efficient machine type communication (MTC) • Direct communication (D2D) • Self-organizing network (SON) • Heterogeneous network (HetNet) • Software-defined network (SDN)

Outline

LTE Release 12 and Beyond

Bandwidth expansion Signaling supporting up to 100

MHz from carrier aggregation

Densification HetNet interference

management

Mobility management

Spectral efficiency CoMP

More successful in fairness improvement than increasing spectral efficiency

Managed to bend the curves somewhat, but haven’t been able to shift the curves much

2.8 bps/Hz

CoMPeICIC

HetNet (4 LP nodes)

CoMPeICIC

et (4 LP nodes)

CoMPeMIMO8x2

2 bps/Hz

10 bps/Hz

3 bps/Hz

12%* 7%*

CoMPeMIMO8x2

0.06 bps/Hz

0.07 bps/Hz

4% 20%

0.07 bps/Hz

0.09 bps/Hz

10%* 30%*

DL avg. cell throughput

DL cell edge user throughput

* w.r.t. 4x2 SU-MIMO

LTE Release 12 and Beyond

Potential Technologies Small Cell Enhancement

Potential Technologies LTE-WiFi Integration

Outline

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution

Evolution path

(Network Architecture)

Revolution path

(Radio Access)

LTE-B,C

Rel-8/9

Rel-10/11

Rel-12/13 onward

Pico/Femto

CA/eICIC/CoMP

enhanced Local Area Access

Peak Rate

1990 2000 2010

2012 2013 2014

Cloud RAN Evolution

(Bandwidth

aggregation)

2015 2016

MMWave

Multi-RAT aggregation

( License / unlicensed bands )

HetNet

Revolution

(New Carrier

Massive

antenna

Forming

mobility

Carrier

Aggregation

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution

Potential Technologies CA of Alternative Spectra

Current Layer 2 structure has good flexibility and extensibility to aggregate 3GPP or non-3GPP families of technologies. Not much impact on Layer 2 and upper layers

Better resource management for both LTE and non-LTE carriers

Continue the success and bring in more spectra

HARQ HARQ

DL-SCH

on CC1

ARQ etc

Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn

BCCH PCCH

Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Logical Channels

Radio Bearers

Security Security...

PCHBCH

ROHC ROHC...

ARQ etc...

Transport Channels

ARQ etc

ROHC ROHC...

ARQ etc...

DL-SCH

on CCx

HARQ HARQ

DL-SCH

on CC1

DL-SCH

on CCy

ARQ etc

Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn

BCCH PCCH

Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Logical Channels

Radio Bearers

HARQHARQ

PCHBCHDL-SCHDL-SCH

ROHC ROHC...

ARQ etc...

Transport Channels

ARQ etc

ROHC ROHC...

ARQ etc...

Layer 2 Structure for DL Layer 2 Structure for DL with CA

CA of Alternative Spectra Candidates for Further Aggregation

3GPP family LTE + HSPA, LTE FDD + TDD

Non-3GPP based technologies Unlicensed bands

Visible Light Communication (VLC) ideal for LTE CA

Integration of WiFi happening in different levels IP layer at PDN Gateway outside of core network IP layer at nodeB or other nodes inside core

network

Elevated TSG SA working groups activities herald changes are coming

RAN plays important role in 2nd level integration

CA of WiFi can be a third and tightest level of integration

PCSVisible Light

Communication

Frequency

SMH(TV bands)

BW = 76 MHz

700 MHz

BW = 140 MHz

1900 MHz

Cellular

BW = 50 MHz

800 MHz

BW = 97 MHz

2.4 GHz

BW = 530 MHz

5 GHz 700 THz

BW = 8.64 GHz

60 GHz

WirelessGigabit

WLAN802.11a/n/ac

WLAN802.11b/g/n

BW = 90 MHz

2100 MHz

US spectrum map

image sensor

Utilize all available means of communication in a phone

Potential Technologies 3D Beamforming and Massive MIMO

Potential Technologies A Vision of Network Architecture beyond 4G

Potential Technologies Ultr-Dense Network

Potential Technologies Diverse Radio Access Technology Convergence

Potential Technologies Network Intelligence

Potential Technologies Device to Device Communication

Potential Technologies Wireless Transport Network

Potential Technologies Cloud Based Management & SON

Key Enablers

Outline

Global Control Local Data

Scenarios

5G New Carrier Type (NCT)

• mmWave radio

• Live-demo at peak data rate

higher than 1Gbps by end of 2014

• Coverage up to 2Km

4G/5G multi-RAT / multi-mode

Coexistence

Inter-BS wireless backhaul

Salient Features Control plane is backward compatible to 4G access

technology

5G access acts as a new carrier component of 4G

5G fast data transmission under 4G signaling & control

Wireless backhaul with low latency

Aggressive module and system designs regarding

massive MIMO technologies

d backhaul

Active Antenna System...

VLC backhaul

radio backhaul

Inter-eNB resource aggregation W

ired backhaul

D2DVLC Cell

4G eNB

5G eNB

4G LTE Carrier5G New Carrier

VLC Carrier

Spatial modulation Massive

5G System Architecture (1/2)

Scenarios mm-Wave link between BS

and UE for 1Gbps data rate

Coverage up to 2Km

6-sector mm-Wave

Base Station

mm-Wave

UE module

Salient Features High resolution phase array using

modified BUTLER matrix system

Laser Induced Metallization process

for high integrated and high gain UE

antenna

Beam-forming by massive MIMO with

beam acquisition & tracking

Phase array design for multiple antennas

5G System Architecture (2/2)

Requirements for advanced 5G access platform technology

High sampling and data exchange rate for large bandwidth

High computing power capability for high throughput signal processing

Support for massive MIMO and hybrid beamforming

Requirements for advanced 5G baseband signal processing technology

High throughput modulator and de-modulator and MIMO detector

High throughput channel codec

3D hybrid beamforming and UE beam tracking optimization

Baseband Requirements

In-campus Prototyping and Deployment

Scenarios

mm-Wave link between BS

and UE

5G New Carrier Type (NCT)

• mmWave radio

• Live-demo at peak data

rate higher than 1Gbps

• Coverage up to 2Km

Massive MIMO

Inter-BS wireless backhaul

Salient Features

High resolution phase

array using modified

BUTLER matrix system

Laser Induced

Metallization process

for high integrated and

high gain UE antenna

Beam-forming by

massive MIMO with

beam acquisition &

tracking

• Massive MIMO

• Laser Induced

Metallization process

for high integrated

and high gain UE

antenna

• Massive MIMO

• 6-sector MMWave

• BW : scalable

bandwidth up to 1GHz

• MMWave link

• Carrier freq. : 24 GHz

Conclusion

My viewpoint on 5G Driving Force as Bowstring

• Take GROWTH as a key word

• In terms of

– Capacity per area

– Devices by IoT

Evolution Path as Bow

• LTE/LTE-A supports infrastructure

• Horizontal/Vertical HetNet

Revolution Path as Arrow

• Take NCT as a good opportunity for 5G

• Higher band radio such as millimeter wave technology

• Massive MIMO radio such as phase array technology

箭 Revolution Path 弓

Evolution Path

弦 Driving Force

Fast Moving Backhaul

ILGYU KIM

Mobile GiGa Transmission Research Section

Wireless Transmission Research Department

Communications Internet Research Laboratory

Increase of mobile data traffic

Introduction Ⅰ

bandwidth killer: portable and intellingent terminal

= X 515

Terabytes per Month

By Device Type

<Ref.> 2011.Feb., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010-2015

Other Portable Devices

Non- smartphones

Home Gateways

Laptops and Netbooks

Smartphones

Tablets

= X 122

(=X 24)

Most consumers uses high speed wireless internet services at “Low” or “high” mobility environments.

90% of traffic Big Bang comes from VoD and Cloud services

Seamless service is required for 6.9 billion (BUS), 2.2 Billion (Subway), 1 Billion (train) users in Korea

Increase of data traffic at high speed transportation

Low Medium High mobility

Wirele

ss Inte

Freedom of two hands !

(above 100km/h )

Introduction

Optimized for (low speed) pedestrian user

Velocity Range Performance Characterization

0~15 km/hr : Optimal

15~120 km/hr : High

120 ~ 350 km/hr : Functional

Property of existing cellular systems

Introduction Ⅰ

Wirele

ss Inte

(above 100km/h )

Existing cellular system

cannot meet user requirement

at high mobility !

Same QoS is provided for high speed mobile users compared to

static/low-speed moving users

Provide very high data rate (Gbps level) for wireless backhaul

Target spectrum efficiency is 4 bps/Hz @ 400 km/hr

MHN Ⅱ

Wirele

ss Inte

(above 100km/h )

Project Goal

MHN : Mobile Hotspot Network

Development of a next generation mobile wireless backhaul system to

provide gigabit mobile service to users on a high-speed transportation

By using mmWave (SHF/EHF)

MHN Ⅱ

* mGW: mobile gateway, mDU: mobile node-B digital unit, mRU: mobile node-B RF unit, mTE: mobile terminal equipment

mDU mGW mGW

MHN Transport Network

MHN Server

4G & MHN Service

Smallcell

WiFi Femto

User Equipment

Mobile Hot spot Network

Public Internet

3G/4G Network

Project overview

SHF : Super-High Frequency (3 GHz – 30 GHz)

EHF : Extremely-High Frequency (30 GHz – 300 GHz)

MHN Ⅱ

SHF : Super-High Frequency (3 GHz – 30 GHz) EHF : Extremely-High Frequency (30 GHz – 300 GHz)

• mTE Device on the roof of the carriage top • Inside : WiFi or Femto

HSS MME

mRU mDU

mRU mRU mRU

Public Internet

WiFi/Femto

Cellular

eNB eNB

Cellular

mTE mTE

WiFi/Femto WiFi/Femto

SHF/EHF

High-speed train usage case (Railways)

MHN Ⅱ

HSS MME

SGW PGW

eNB eNB

mDU Cellular Cellular

SHF/EHF

mRU mRU mRU

WiFi/Femto

mTE mTE

WiFi/Femto

Public Internet

WiFi/Femto

• mTE Device on top of the bus • Inside : WiFi or Femto

High-speed bus/car usage case (Highways)

MHN Ⅱ

Radio transmission technology optimized for wideband mmWave

spectrum

Technology to overcome high Doppler effect

Efficient AFC algorithm both on downlink and uplink

Technology to overcome high path loss of mmWave

Fixed or Adaptive beamforming

DAS-MIMO

Efficient handover protocol at high speed (@400 km/hr)

No drop time, No data loss

wireless backhaul

Challenging development items

DAS : Distributed Antenna System AFC : Automatic Frequency Control

Radio transmission bandwidth

Considering both of available frequency resources and technical issue

Basic : 125 MHz

carrier aggregation

125 MHz Frequency

MHN Ⅱ

OFDM Symbols CP

1 slot = 40 OFDM symbols = 250 us

6.25 us 5.56 us 0.69 us

Considered 400 km/h speed at 27 GHz carrier center frequency

Considered delay spread for 1 km cell radius

Subcarrier spacing 180 kHz and 1/8 CP

MHN Ⅱ

Multiple Access

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

OFDM based structure for both downlink and uplink Spectral efficiency of 4 bps/Hz can be achieved at 400 km/h speed

• Fast moving mTE can be served 2 Gbps services over 500 MHz full bandwidth

Multiple mTE can share the frequency time resources

MHN Ⅱ

Doppler shift impairment UL performance degradation

AFC is important

feNB-TX fUE-RX

feNB-RX

fUE-TX

feNB-RX

MHN Ⅱ

UE AFC

MHN Ⅱ

Frequency Usage in Korea

Candidate frequencies

Beamforming

Coverage (Highway case)

Cell radius (distance between mRUs) : 1 Km

Antenna beam pattern to cover service area

(Elevation/Azimuth)

x(거리)

z(높이)y(도로폭)

MHN Ⅱ

DAS-MIMO/Multi-flow

mRU #0

mDU #0 mDU #1

mRU #1 mRU #2 mRU #3 mRU #4 mRU #5

X2 interface

Optical fiber

Multi-flow based on DAS-MIMO structure

Intra-site Multi-flow

Inter-site Multi-flow

MHN Ⅱ

Two types of HO

MHN Ⅱ

HO with multi-flow

Phase 1

- Derivation of core technologies

- Development of wireless access technologies

- Prototype development

1st year : Core technology development / Simulation verification

2nd year : FPGA level 625Mbps verification / Indoor demonstration

3rd year : FPGA level 1.25Gbps verification / Outdoor demonstration

Phase 2

- Technology advancement

- ASIC level 2.5 Gbps verification

- Commercialization

III Future Plans

Project outline

Thank you

Slide title

CAPITALS

Slide subtitle

minimum 30 pt

Technology for the Networked Society

Dongjoo Park (dongjoo.park@ericssonlg.com)

September 4, 2013

Slide title

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§ ©̈ ª«¬® °̄±²³ ¶́ ·̧¹º»¼ ½ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç ÈËÌÍÎÏÐ Ñ ÒÓ Ô Õ Ö ×Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ÝÞß à á â ã ä å æ ç èéêëìíîïð ñ ò ó ô õ ö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl

ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ

ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№

Do not add objects or

text in the footer area Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 2

Linus Torvalds

Tim Berners-Lee

The starting point - 22 years ago

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Result and a new starting point

Internet users

Mobile subscriptions

Population coverage

Sms sent 2011

Application downloads

Social media users

6 B. 80%

8 T. 35 B. 1,4 B.

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

INFLECTION POINTS DRIVING OUR BUSINESS

1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025

50 billion

5 billion

1 billion PLACES

PEOPLE

THINGS

Inflection

points

Global

connectivity

Personal

mobile

Digital society

Sustainable world

Source: Ericsson

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Mobile traffic, voice and data

Source: Internal Ericsson

DVB-H, Mobile WiMax, M2M and WiFi traffic not included

This slide contains forward looking statements

Subscriber traffic in mobile access networks

M2M traffic to be

added on top

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Mobile PC & Tablets

Mobile handheld

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

By 2020, everything that

benefits from a network

connection will be

connected. Foundation is

Moving to the Networked Society

Mobility, Broadband and Cloud

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Technologies for The Networked Society

Mobility Cloud

Service Awareness Network and Services Exposure Services Evolution Network Enabled Cloud Capacity, Cost & Flexibility

Broadband

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

› Enhanced performance and extended capabilities

– Higher capacity, higher end-user data rates, improved energy

efficiency, …

› New use cases – Local-area deployments, machine communication, NSPS, …

Mobile

Broadband Local-area

enhancements

Higher data rates

Higher capacity

New applications

LTE LTE-A

Rel-8 Rel-10 Rel-12 Rel-14 Rel-9 Rel-11 Rel-13

Evolution of LTE

Improved

energy efficiency

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

5G Wireless access

2000 2010 2020 1990

New wireless technologies

GSM 5G

= evolution of

existing standards

complementary

new technologies

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Affordable and sustainable

Key challenges

Future Wireless access

Massive growth in

Traffic Volume

Wide range of

Requirements & Characteristics

• Data rates

• Latency

• Reliability

• Device energy

consumption

• Device cost

• .....

Massive growth in

Connected Devices

“1000x and beyond” “50 billion devices”

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Future (“5G”) radio access

A set of integrated radio-access technologies

jointly enabling the long-term Networked Society

Ultra-reliable

communication Inter-vehicular / vehicular-to-road communication

Massive machine

communication

Multi-hop

communication

Ultra-dense deployments Device-to-device

communication and

cooperative devices

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

METIS: Fact Sheet

› An Integrated Project under EU Framework Programme 7

› Budget: 27 M€

› Project Length: 30 months (from 2012-11-01 to 2015-04-30)

› Resource: ~ 80 persons working full time

› Contact & Information: www.metis2020.com

facebook.com/metis2020

twitter.com/metis2020

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

METIS: Objectives

Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global

consensus for beyond 2020 “5G”mobile & wireless communications

2012 2015 2018 2020

WRC’15 WRC’12

Optimisation /

Standardisation

system

Implementation

Exploring new paradigms,

fundamentals, system

concepts

Further developments on fundamentals

WRC’18

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

METIS Structure

› Work Packages: – WP1 (DoCoMo)

– WP2 (Huawei)

– WP3 (Alcatel-

Lucent)

– WP4 (NSN)

– WP5 (Nokia)

– WP6 (Ericsson)

– WP7 (Ericsson)

– WP8 (Ericsson)

WP6 System Design and Performance

ulti-n

ulti-R

lti-la

lation

WP1 Scenarios, Requirements & KPIs

Feedback

Slide title

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

Concluding remarks

› 5G system will meet our long-term vision of unlimited

access to information and sharing of data available

anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything

› Technology coordination for a combination of integrated

RATs, including evolved versions of LTE and HSPA, as well

as specialized RATs for specific use cases

Slide title :40-47pt

Slide subtitle :26-30pt

Color::white

Corporate Font :

FrutigerNext LT Medium

Font to be used by customers and

partners :

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT

Technologies Efficient LTE technologies enables better performance and experience

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

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FrutigerNext LT Regular

中文正文:18-20pt

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一组使用。

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客户或者合作伙伴

的标志放在

右上角.

Content

WHY - Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency

WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum

How – Key Tech. and Industry Development

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客户或者合作伙伴的

标志放在右上角.

华为保密信息，未经授权禁止扩散

Plentiful Unlicensed spectrum assigned – Not Ignore !!

Currently, the amount unlicensed spectrum assigned > the amount of licensed spectrum

In the near future, more unlicensed spectrum are planned to be allocated

Band Frequency Range

ISM 24000-24250

ISM 61000-61500

Unlicensed PCS 2390-2400

Others:

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Coverage comparison

TD-LTE 5.9GHz 20dBm(38m)

WIFI 5.9GHz 20dBm(28m)

Peak rate comparison

TD-LTE capacity is 1.09Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO

WiFi capacity is 0.75Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO

Overhead Low Efficiency

than LTE

WiFi：40.4%, 68.1% TD-LTE：30.9%, 33.3%.

Protocol design

A Popular technology on unlicensed spectrum: WiFi vs. LTE

LTE Pros. :

Higher efficient scheduling mechanism

Better QoS insurance

Uniform OAM& SON

Better Security

Mobility and service continuity

Better power saving

Simple but limited

Low Efficiency Unlicensed Spectrum is not fully used & Deployment is limited

DL resource efficiency WiFi ： 52.4% to 4.8% TD-LTE：61.2% to 38.1%

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Content

WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency

WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum

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LTE on unlicensed spectrum - High Efficiency & Capacity complement

The natural advantages of LTE can improve the usage of unlicensed spectrum

• Higher coverage

• Higher peak rate

• Lower overhead

• Higher Tx efficiency

Capacity

Complement

Efficiency

As a good complement for LTE capacity, LTE on unlicensed spectrum can provide a better aggregating solution

• Unlicensed secondary carriers: as capacity/offload layers

• Control and management based on licensed primary carrier

• Inherit most of the merits of LTE: manageable/security/control/etc.

• Make it easy to adapt LTE into fully unlicensed utilization

Here, LTE on unlicensed spectrum is named to “U-LTE”

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Focuses on the Prioritized scenarios: Operator and Enterprise

Main Application Scenarios for Unlicensed Spectrum

Solutions to be applied:

Resident personal

Public Operators

Local Enterprise

Carrier WiFi @unlicensed

WiFi self-evolution LTE-Hi

@unlicensed As secondary CR

system

As an integrated part of LTE licensed network, U-LTE is used in scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises.

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Content

WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency

WHAT- LTE on unlicensed spectrum

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U-LTE: Basic Principles

What to be inherited from the LTE merits

Basic architecture: centralized scheduler & coordination between nodes

Basic system BW, multiple access techniques (OFDMA on DL, SC-FDMA on UL)

Basic numerology

Basic mobility, security, QoS, etc.

Fit unlicensed: Self-Protection Fit unlicensed: Fairness

Guarantee its quality of communication • coexists with the other unlicensed systems, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, • multiple nodes or devices of coexist closely without planning.

Guarantee the spectrum usage by the other unlicensed systems as fair as possible

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U-LTE: Three Use cases

Note: The node transmission power is based on regulation requirements of Co-existence and Radiation safety

unlicensed spectrum has smaller range than licensed spectrum unlicensed spectrum has similar range with good Beamforming

Type 1: Pico with co-located Licensed & unlicensed CA

Type 2: Macro with co-located or inter-site (with RRH) Licensed & unlicensed CA

Type 3: Macro with co-located Licensed & unlicensed CA

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U-LTE: An integrated part of LTE licensed network

2. Co-existence

• 2.1 Inter-operator

interference

• 2.2 Inter-RAT system:

Mainly WiFi

1. Secondary Carrier design

Feasibility &

Efficiency

• Option 1: DL only

unlicensed carrier (FDD

Pcell or TDD Pcell )

• Option 2: DL+UL

unlicensed carrier (FDD

Pcell or TDD Pcell

Better Experience • Implement the LTE valuable features

(Mobility, QoS, security, …) through Pcell

• Explore the wide band resources on

unlicensed spectrum

• It is beneficial to be compatible with the

design of residential scenarios Note: Pcell is Primary Cell

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Key point-1: Unlicensed Secondary carriers Design

Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell )

Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell)

If the QoS can be guaranteed, it is inclined to occupy unlicensed spectrum first.

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Key Point-2.1: Inter operator interference

Each operator has the equal right to access the unlicensed spectrum but without

coordinated geographical isolation among different eNodeBs.

Principal: Sensing or coordinating before using

It is beneficial to coordinate the occupying and releasing spectrum among different

operators

Solution: Over-the air seems the only feasible way for coordination

X2 or wired line are not available between different operators

Static agreement can not be flexible

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Key Point-2.2: Principal on Coexistence with WiFi

Capacity Analysis :

When the load become higher, the throughput of standalone WiFi decreases while the throughput of standalone

LTE still increases due to the different scheduling mechanisms.

Besides the difference of scheduling mechanisms, due to HARQ, link adaptation based on receivers’ SINR, and

periodic transmission of common channels in LTE, it is deduced that if LTE directly coexists with WiFi on the

same unlicensed carrier, LTE will finally kick WiFi off when load is high.

113 121

51 45.8 46.1

1 UE 2 UEs 3 UEs 4 UEs

TD-LTEDL

WiFi DL

Cell e

(Mbps)

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Key Point-2.2: Suggestions on Coexistence with WiFi

Friendly relations

LTE directly on unlicensed spectrum

LTE on unlicensed spectrum with resource releasing after satisfy its own requirements

LTE on unlicensed spectrum with voluntary sacrifice

Protocol Changes

No change to current standard

Adaptive Cell on/off; Channel Hopping; Time muting;

Sensing and conflict resolution; Resource coordination ; Flexible common channels; Fine

time domain scheduling; Loose relationship between consequent transmissions, etc.

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子目录 (2-5级) :18pt

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供参考）

Industry Development: Business + Standardization + Chaining

LTE on unlicensed spectrum (U-LTE)

Build a Healthy Industry ecosystem for U-LTE

Standardization:

Focus on 3GPP

Scope:

• RAN technologies

changes based on LTE

• RF coexistence study

Timeline: Rel-13

Business:

Cooperation with

operators

Make an available

Business Model

Chaining:

Cooperation with

operators, infrastructure,

chipset, terminal vendors

Drive a mature industry

chaining for U-LTE

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子目录 (2-5级) :18pt

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供参考）

Summary Scenarios Technologies Industry

Scenarios deployed by

operators and enterprises are

prioritized

It is beneficial to be

compatible with the design of

residential scenarios

Aggregating unlicensed spectrum as the secondary component carriers with the licensed carriers

Both Self-Protection and Fairness should be guaranteed

LTE can provide configurable different level of fairness

Inter operator coexistence should be handled

Explore the wide band resources on unlicensed spectrum

LTE on unlicensed Spectrum (U-LTE)

Make an available business

model with operators

Standardization on RAN and

RF technologies in 3GPP

Drive a mature industry with

operators, infrastructure,

chipset, terminal vendors etc.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 18

Thank you !

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