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Contents
GSD Overview
Step 1: Material Properties
Step 2: Section
Step 3: Rebars
Step 4: Load Combination
Step 5: Design Options
Step 6: Results
Data Exchange: AutoCAD, midas Gen
Design of Tapered Section
General Section Designer
Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.http://en.midasuser.com
Program Version Gen 2011 (v1.1)
Release Date Oct 22, 2010
Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.http://en.midasuser.com
General Section Designer (GSD)Introduction to GSD
Step
00
It can be called from midas Gen by Tool > General Section Designer.
The following technical material contains complete description of GSD.
In Gen 2011 (v1.1), a new module General Section Designer or GSD has been added.
Scope of GSD
– Definition of any Irregular cross-section.
– Calculation of Section Properties.
– Generation of P-M, P-My-Mz, M-M interaction curves.
– Calculation of Section Capacity in flexure.
– Calculation of Safety Ratio based on the member forces.
– Generation of Moment-Curvature curve.
– Plot of Stress Contours for all the cross-section.
– All the above features are supported for
– RC Sections
– Steel Sections
– Composite Sections
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General Section Designer (GSD)User Interface
Step
00
Toolbar
Coordinates
Main Menu
Works Tree
Message Window
Unit Control
Table Window
Table Window
- In one model file, more than one sections can be created and saved under different section names.
- All the sections are tabulated in the Works Tree.
- Double click the section name in the Works Tree to show the section in the work-window and work on it.
Procedure
Works Window
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Rebar Area
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Eurocode, UNI, British Standard, ASTM, Indian Standard,
etc.
• RC• Steel
Step
01
Applied Codes
Materials
Material
Nonlinear material properties can also be assigned to concrete and
structural steel and rebar materials.
Nonlinear Properties
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
01
Concrete Nonlinear Properties
Material: Nonlinear Properties
Parabola-rectangleParabolic stress-strain curve Kent & park model
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
01 Material: Nonlinear Properties
Asymmetric Bi-linearMenegotto -Pinto Tri-linear
Steel Nonlinear Properties
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: Grid
Define Grid
Model > Define Grid…
or
Click in the Toolbar
- Point grid can be defined by the user.
- : Can be shown or kept hidden.
- : Snap to grid
- : Snap to object or shape
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: Basic Shapes
Note: Shapes are the basic entities which combine to make a section
Shapes in GSD
- Basic Shapes:
- DB Shapes
- User-defined shapes
- General Shapes:
- Defined by mouse-click in work-window
- Defined by entering coordinates in a MS-
Excel compatible table.
Model > Shape > Basic Shape…
Material : Select the material from the drop-down
menu.
Insertion Point: Enter the coordinates on the
work-window where the centroid of the shape will be
placed.
Rotation/Beta Angle: By changing the Beta-
Angle, the orientation of the shape can be changed.
Hollow Shape: Check ON to create a hollow
shape.
Define Basic Shape
1
2
3
2
3
1
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4
4
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: General Shapes
Shapes in GSD
- Basic Shapes:
- DB Shapes
- User-defined shapes
- General Shapes:
- Defined by mouse-click in work-window
- Defined by entering coordinates in a MS-
Excel compatible table.
Model > Shape > General Shape…
Click in the green box and then at points P1,
P2, P3… in work-window to draw the shape. The
coordinates are automatically entered in the table.
Hole Type Shape (check off): Creates a solid
shape.
Hole Type Shape (check on): Creates a hollow
shape.
Define General Shape
1
2
3
2
3
1
Excel compatible
table
Solid Shape Hollow Shape
P1
P2
P3
1
2 3
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: Translate Shape
Translate Shape
Move or copy the existing shape at equal or
unequal spacing.
Model > Shape > Translate…
Mode: Select Copy.
Click on SELECT button and select the shape to
be copied.
Enter the distance to new location.
Enter the Number of Times the Shape is to be
copied.
Copy Shape
24
2
3
1
Circular Shape copied two times to new location
2
1
3
4
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: Merge Shapes
Merge Shapes
Merge two overlapping shapes into a single
shape.
-Only USER type or General type sections can be
merged
- Only the shapes having same material can be
merged.
Model > Shape > Merge Two Shapes…
or
Right-click in the work-window.
Click on SELECT button and select the shapes to
be merged.
Merge Two Shapes.
Merge Shapes
1
1
2
2
1
Merged Shapes
1
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
02 Section: Create Hollow Section
Hollow Section
Hole can be created in a USER type or General type
shape by creating a Hole type General Shape on it.
Create a Solid Shape.
Model > Shape > General Shape.
Enter the coordinates which define the perimeter
of the hole.
Check on “Hole Type Shape”.
Create Hole
2
1
2
3
4
Hollow Section
1
3
4
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebar: Material
Model > Shape > General Shape.
- Rebar materials and Rebar sets can be defined
as per various international codes.
- Linear or Nonlinear stress-strain curve can be
assigned to the rebars.
Rebar Material
Menegotto-Pinto
1
Bilinear Model Park Strain Hardening 12/32
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Placing the rebars (1)
Patterns
Various ways are available to assign the rebars
to a section. These ways are called Patterns in
GSD.
- Point Pattern
- Line Pattern
- Arc Pattern
- Rectangle Pattern
- Perimeter Pattern
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Point Pattern
Place a single rebar at a time either by entering the
coordinates into the table or by mouse-click on
the work-window.
Rebar data can also be directly copied to the table
from MS-Excel.
Point Pattern
Excel Compatible Table
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Placing the rebars (2)
Patterns
Various ways are available to assign the rebars
to a section. These ways are called Patterns in
GSD.
- Point Pattern
- Line Pattern
- Arc Pattern
- Rectangle Pattern
- Perimeter Pattern
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Line Pattern
Place the rebars on a straight line drawn by the user
in the work-window.
Start Point / End Point : Enter the start point and
end point of the line.
No. of Interior Rebars: Enter the number of
rebars in the interior of the line.
Start Rebar / End Rebar: State whether the rebar
should be drawn at the start and end of the line.
Preview is shown in work-window before applying.
Line Pattern
Start Rebar
Interior Rebars1
2
2
3
3
1
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Placing the rebars (3)
Patterns
Various ways are available to assign the rebars
to a section. These ways are called Patterns in
GSD.
- Point Pattern
- Line Pattern
- Arc Pattern
- Rectangle Pattern
- Perimeter Pattern
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Arc Pattern
Place the rebars on a circular arc drawn by the user
in the work-window.
Center of Arc: Enter the Center of the circle
Start Point/End Point: Enter the number of
rebars in the interior of the line.
Start Rebar / End Rebar: State whether the rebar
should be drawn at the start and end of the line.
Preview is shown in work-window before applying.
Arc Pattern
Start Rebar
Interior Rebars1
2
2
3
3
1
End Rebar
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Placing the rebars (4)
Patterns
Various ways are available to assign the rebars
to a section. These ways are called Patterns in
GSD.
- Point Pattern
- Line Pattern
- Arc Pattern
- Rectangle Pattern
- Perimeter Pattern
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Rectngular Pattern
Place the rebars on a rectangle drawn by the user in
the work-window.
Corner 1/ Corner 2: Enter the coordinates of
corners of the rectangle.
Angle with Y axis: Enter the angle if the rectangle
is intended to be inclined to Y axis.
Rebar on 1 & 3 / Rebar on 2 & 4: Enter the
number of rebars on the sides.
Rotate Angle: Rotate the whole pattern by an
angle.
Rectangular Pattern
Three rebars on
sides 1 & 3
1
2
2
3
3
1
Two rebars on
sides 2 & 4
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4
Preview is shown before
applying
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Placing the rebars (5)
Patterns
Various ways are available to assign the rebars
to a section. These ways are called Patterns in
GSD.
- Point Pattern
- Line Pattern
- Arc Pattern
- Rectangle Pattern
- Perimeter Pattern
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Perimeter Pattern
Place the rebars around the outer perimeter with a
concrete cover defined by the user.
Distance between the concrete face and center
of rebar: Enter the concrete cover.
No. of Rebars: Enter the total number of rebras.
First of all, the rebars are placed at the corners
starting from left-top. Remaining rebars are
distributed to the side in proportion of their lengths.
Preview is shown in the work-window before applying.
Perimeter Pattern
1
2
2
1
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Change Rebar Pattern
Patterns
- One pattern of rebars denote a group of rebars.
Rebars of a pattern can‟t be treated individually. Any
modification in the rebar data in a pattern is applied
to all the rebars of that pattern.
- If we want to modify the data of a single rebar, at
first the pattern of the rebar should be changed to
Point Pattern.
Model > Rebar > Rebar-Perimeter Pattern
Place the rebars around the outer perimeter with a
concrete cover defined by the user.
Select to change all the pattern to Point Pattern.
Select to change a particular pattern to Point
Pattern.
After changing to Point Pattern, open the Rebar table
of Point Pattern from the Works-Tree by right click.
Any data in the rebar table can be edited.
Change Pattern
1
2
2
3
1
Rebar coordinates and diameter can be edited 18/32
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
03 Rebars: Edit by dragging
Rebar of Point Pattern cane edited by dragging in the
work-window.
Click on SELECT button.
SNAP off.
Click on the rebar to be edited and move it to the
new position by dragging.
Edit by dragging
1
2
21
Rebar moved to a new position
3
3
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
04 Load Combination
Load Combination
Model > Define Load CombinationExcel compatible
table.
- Clockwise moment about the y and z axes are
taken as positive. Anti-clockwise moments are taken
as negative.
- P is taken as positive towards „+z‟ axis.
Sign Convention
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
05 Design Options
Partial Safety Factors
- Partial Safety Factors for concrete and steel can be
entered as per Eurocode 2:04 for the calculation of
the Section Capacity.
- User-defined Safety Factors can be used to find
the Section Capacity as per other design codes.
Options > Design Options
Gamma_c: Partial safety factor for Concrete.
Gamma_s: Partial safety factor for steel.
Alpha_cc: Coefficient taking account of long term
effects on compressive strength.
P-M interaction curve
1
2
3
2
1
3
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Section Properties
Section Properties
Following Section Properties are automatically
calculated:
I. General Properties:
– Area
– Shear Area (Asy, Asz)
– Moment of Inertia (Iyy, Izz)
– Torsional Constant (Ixx)
– Centroid (Cyp, Cym, Czp, Czm)
II. Section Modulus:
– Section Modulus –Top (Zyp)
– Section Modulus – Bottom (Zym)
– Section Modulus –Right (Zzp)
– Section Modulus –Left (Zzm)
III. Principal Properties:
– Principal Angle
– Moment of Inertia about principal axes
(Ipyy, Ipzz)
IV. Plastic Properties:
– Plastic Modulus-major axis (Syy)
– Plastic Modulus-minor axis (Szz)
3
y
z
CypCym
Czp
Czm
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Interaction Curve
Interaction Curve
- To generate the results: Check > Check Section
- We can see following interaction curves:
1. P-M interaction curve.
2. My-Mz interaction curve.
3. 3D interaction surface.
Result > Interaction Curve
P-M curve can be seen for all the angles from 0 to
360 by 15 degrees.
P-M interaction curve
1
1
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Interaction Curve
Interaction Curve
- To generate the results: Check > Check Section
- We can see following interaction curves:
1. P-M interaction curve.
2. My-Mz interaction curve.
3. 3D interaction surface.
Result > Interaction Curve
P-M curve can also be checked for all the load
combinations..
Checking Ratio for all the load combinations is
also shown.
- Checking Ratio can be calculated in three ways:
1.Keep M/P constant
2. Keep M constant
3. Keep P constant
Adds the current diagram to the Report generated
in Excel format.
P-M interaction curve
1
3
1
2
3
2
4
4
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Interaction Curve
Interaction Curve
- To generate the results: Check > Check Section
- We can see following interaction curves:
1. P-M interaction curve.
2. My-Mz interaction curve.
3. 3D interaction surface.
Result > Interaction Curve
P-M curve can also be checked for all the Load
Combinations..
Checking Ratio for all the load combinations is
also shown.
- Checking Ratio can be calculated in three ways:
1.Keep M/P constant
2. Keep M constant
3. Keep P constant
P-M interaction curve
1
3
1
2
3
2
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Interaction Curve
Interaction Curve
- To generate the results: Check > Check Section
- We can see following interaction curves:
1. P-M interaction curve.
2. My-Mz interaction curve.
3. 3D interaction surface.
Result > Interaction Curve
Click on “My-Mz” tab.
My-Mz curve is shown for the Axial force
specified by the user.
My-Mz curve can be seen for all the load
combinations.
Checking ration can be calculated in three ways:
1.Keep My/Mz constant
2. Keep My constant
3. Keep Mz constant
My-Mz interaction curve
1
4
2
2
3
3
1
4
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Interaction Curve
Interaction Curve
- To generate the results: Check > Check Section
- We can see following interaction curves:
1. P-M interaction curve.
2. My-Mz interaction curve.
3. 3D interaction surface.
Result > Interaction Curve
Click on “3D” tab.
All the P-M curves can be seen at the same time.
P-M curve for the selected angle is shown in red.
All the M-M curves can be seen at the same time.
M-M curve for the selected Axial Load is shown in red.
The member forces along with the corresponding
capacity can be seen for the selected load
combination.
The Capacity Ratio is shown for all the load
combinations. The ratio > 1 is shown in red.
3-D interaction surface
1
3
2
2
3
4
1
4
5
5
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Moment-Curvature curve
Result > Moment –Curvature Curve
or
Click on “Moment-Curvature” tab.
Enter the Neutral Axis Angle.
Enter the Axial Load.
Enter the value of “Maximum Strain” upto which
the curve will be drawn.
Apply.
Move the mouse pointer on the curve to see strain
diagram for a particular point
Click Report to add the current diagram to the
report
Moment –Curvature curve
3
1
1
2
4
3
45
2
5
5
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6
6
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Stress Contours
Result > Stress Contours
OR
Click on “Stress Contours” tab.
Select the Load Combination.
Check the maximum & minimum values.
Enter preferences for viewing stresses
Add to Report
Stress Contours
2
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
- Tension is taken as +ve and compression as –ve.
Sign Convention
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
06 Result: Report
Generating Report
-Report in MS-Excel format is generated on clicking
[Report] button in any of the result pages.
-It is saved in the same folder as that of the model file.
- Any item can be added to the report by clicking the
[Report] button.
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
-- Data Exchange: AutoCAD
Importing AutoCAD dxf files
Shapes created in AutoCAD can be imported into
GSD to create sections. Rebar coordinates can
also be imported as a separate layer.
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2
13
4
Model > Import AutoCAD DXF
Enter the dxf file to be imported.
Select layer of Shape.
Select layers for Rebars. More than one layers
can be selected for rebars.
Note: In AutoCAD, rebars must be represented by
circle.
Select material for the shape.
Specify diameter for rebars. Only one diameter can
be specified for all the rebars.
Specify the origin on GSD.
Import
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
4
5
6
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
-- Data Exchange: midas Gen
Midas Link
GSD can be linked with midas Gen to
import/export the sections and the member
forces corresponding to the load combinations
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2
1
3
Link > midas Link
Select the Gen file to be linked with midas Gen.
The model files opened in midas Gen are shown in
Link dialog box.
Click CONNECT.
Switch to midas Gen and select the element
whose section and member forces are to be imported
in GSD.
Switch to GSD and click IMPORT.
Select the load combinations and the element part
for which member forces of the selected element will
be exported.
After adding rebars to the imported section, various
results like, interaction curves, M-C curve, stresses
can be generated.
Import
1
2
3
4
5
3
4
5
Gen: Load
Combination & part
GSD: midas Link
GSD: Section imported
Gen: Select element
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
-- Design : Tapered Section (1)
Tapered Section Design
Sections of Tapered beams and columns along
with the member forces can be imported into
GSD from midas Gen. Section capacity and hence
the checking ratio can be calculated at a
specified location on the member.
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2
1
3
Link > midas Link
Set up the link with midas Gen model file
Switch to midas Gen and select the element
whose section and member forces are to be imported
in GSD.
Switch to GSD and click IMPORT.
Select the load combinations and the part of the
selected element in Gen, which should be exported to
GSD. If Part I and Part 2/4 are selected, the sections
at the two locations and also the member forces at
the two locations corresponding to the selected load
combinations will be exported to GSD.
Import
1
2
3
4
4
Gen: Select load combination & part
Midas Gen: Tapered beam
GSD: midas Link
GSD: Import
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General Section Designer (GSD)
Step
-- Design : Tapered Section (2)
Tapered Section Design
The selected sections along with the member
forces are imported. Now rebars can be added to
the two sections (separately) and desired results
can be checked.
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3Link > midas Link
Two sections have been imported (shown in
works-tree.
Double click the first section to show it in the work-
window. Add rebars and see the results.
Similarly activate another section, add rebars and
see the results.
Add Rebars and Check results
1
2
3
3
4
Two sections importedChecking Ratio & Stress contours at the two
locations
1
2
3
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