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MICROORGANISMS OUR FRIENDS !!
What are Micro-organisms?
There exist around us, living organisms, which can normally not be seen with an unaided eye. These are called micro-organisms or Microbes.
5 TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS:
1)Bacteria2)Protozoa3)Fungi4)Algae5)Virus
Spiral bacteria Treponema pallidumAmoeba ParameciumPenicillium Aspergillus
BacteriaProtozoaFungiAlgae
Chlamydomonas Spirogyra
Virus
Influenza Virus
Where Are They Found ?
Micro-organisms may be single-celled like bacteria, some algae and some protozoa, or multicellular, such as algae and fungi.
They can survive under all types of environment, ranging from ice cold climate
to hot springs and deserts to marshy lands.
Microorganisms like amoeba can live alone, while fungi and bacteria may live in
colonies.
How Do Micro-organisms Help Us ?
MICROORGANISMS HELP IN MANY WAYS.Some Of These Ways Are :
1) Preparation Of Curd2) Fermentation3) Nitrogen Fixation4) Vaccines 5) Antibiotics 6) Purification Of Water
Formation Of CurdFormation of Curd is done when Lactobacillus
Bacteria react on milk. Lactobacillus is a kind of bacteria which can convert a sugar into an alcohol and then into an acid by means of
anaerobic respiration.
Milk contains a sugar called lactose, a disaccharide (compound sugar) made by the glycoside bonding between glucose and glactose (monosaccharide).
When milk is heated to a temperature of 30-40 degrees centigrade and a small amount of old curd added to it, the lactobacillus in that curd sample gets activated and multiplies. These convert the lactose into lactic acid, which imparts the sour taste to curd.
Lactobacillus and Formation Of Curd
Fermentation
Microorganisms are used for the large scale production of alcohol, wine and acetic acid (vinegar. For this purpose
yeast is grown on natural sugars present in grains like barley, wheat, rice and
crushed fruit juices, etc.
The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is known as fermentation.
Louis Pasteur discovered fermentation in 1857.
This process was used to make dough in which yeast while anaerobic respiration released Carbon dioxide which made the
dough fluffy.
Some bacteria and blue green algae are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere to
enrich soil with nitrogen and increase its fertility. These microbes are commonly
called biological nitrogen fixers.
Increasing Soil Fertility
Algae In Nitrogen Fixation
Rhizobium bacteria is involved in the fixation
of nitrogen in leguminous plants
(pulses). Rhizobium lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants ,
such as beans and peas, with which it has a
symbiotic relationship.Sometimes nitrogen gets
fixed through the action of lightning.
When a disease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces
antibodies to fight the invader. Children are given injections to
protect themselves against several diseases.
Polio drops given to children are actually a vaccine.
These days vaccines are made on a large scale from microorganisms to protect humans and other animals
from several diseases.
Vaccine
Microorganisms are used in the production of antibiotic tablets, capsules or injections such as of
penicillin.Such medicines are called antibiotics. These days a number of antibiotics are
being produced from bacteria and fungi. Streptomycin, tetracycline and
erythromycin are some of the commonly known antibiotics.
Antibiotics
Saprophytic bacteria convert dissolved organic impurities into living cell mass, carbon dioxide and water. These saprophytic bacteria may then be eaten by flagellates and ciliates which also consume suspended organic particles including viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Clarity of the water may begin to improve as the protozoa are subsequently consumed by rotifers and cladocera.
Sewage treatment plants mix these organisms as activated sludge or circulate water past organisms living on trickling filters or rotating biological contactors.
The choice of organism depends on local climate, different species and other factors.
Water Purification
Treated Bacteria For Ponds
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
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