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Medical Supply Distribution
Centrein the Developing World
Prepared for Engineers Without BordersWednesday, April 7th, 2005
Engineer 1P03 - Software Engineering ProjectDesign of a Software System for a
The NeedWide, equitable availability
AIDS
Average Life Expectancy
0 20 40 60 80Ang
ola
Botsw
ana
Leso
thoM
alaw
i
Moz
ambi
que
NamibaRwanda
South
Afri
ca
Swazila
ndZambia
Zimba
bwe
Age (in years)
2010
Before AIDS
• Africa has been devastated by pandemic infection• Demand for antiretroviral drugs is exploding• Medication reaches few
Average Life Expectancy
0 20 40 60 80Ang
ola
Botsw
ana
Leso
thoM
alaw
i
Moz
ambi
que
NamibaRwanda
South
Afri
ca
Swazila
ndZambia
Zimba
bwe
Age (in years)
2010
Before AIDS
Income
• Africa has worlds lowest incomes
• Many live on less than $1 per day
• North American annual drug cost: $15,000
• African annual drug cost: $600
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
3000
0
4000
0
5000
0
6000
0
7000
0
8000
0
9000
0
1000
00
1500
00
2000
00
Mor
e
IncomeN
um
ber
of
Peo
ple
Two Pronged Approach
• Minimize cost to patients• Target marginalized populations
The Centre
Two purposes, two units
Institutional Unit
• Institutions: Hospitals and Clinics
• Double purpose:– Distribution warehouse– Logistics centre
Institutional Unit Goals
• Reduce price of supplies by acting as a non-profit wholesaler
• Improve reliability and access to supplies
• Foster communication and cooperation amongst institutions and NGOs
• Allow institutions to concentrate on their primary goal: healthcare
Personal Unit
• Acts as a pharmacy• Fills personal
prescriptions– On Location– Remotely
• Sells non-prescription items
Personal Unit Goals
• Cost reduction• Improve access
to required treatments
• Education efforts
Physical Design
• Integrated for efficiency
• Separated to prevent conflict
Physical Design
Accessibility
• Access provided by:– Internet– Phone– Fax– Mail– In person
The Software
Coordinate and monitor the centre’s two units with six main components
Stock Monitoring
• Monitors levels of Institutional and Personal stock
• Responds to changes in demand
• Recommends quantity for orders
• High importance of the products
• Large margin of error
Institutional Ordering
• Allows the institutions to place orders
• Orders placed:– Primarily over the
internet, but– Phone– Fax– Snail mail also
available
Personal Ordering
• Allows individuals to place orders
• Orders from homes
• Order and pick up in person.
• Authorization required for remote prescription orders
Doctor’s prescription writing
• Doctors encouraged to use software systems – Creates and prints prescriptions– Preferably, this entirely online– Offline access– Non-electronic access
• Doctors may choose not to use the system• Write prescriptions in the traditional
manner
Security Systems
• Broad responsibility
• Broken down into four components– Loss Prevention– Environmental Control and Monitoring– Physical Access– Power Supply
Loss Prevention
• Track what theft occurs
• Monitoring stock in front of the store, and comparing it with sales data
• Discrepancies are noted
• Large areas of theft are reported.
• Security cameras and security personnel in store
• Vested interest
Environmental Control and Monitoring
• Many products require refrigeration
• Software system monitors and controls these environments
• All errors are reported
Physical access security
• Keycard system restricts access
• Integration with the scheduling software
Power Supply
• Inconsistent power supply
• Reliable supply ensured with:
• Hardware regulation equipment
• Software monitoring equipment
• Power failure measures
Employee Scheduling
• Three main functions:– Ensures staffing requirements met– Facilitates payroll functions– Security measures
Software System Structure Design
• UML• Three main levels:-Interface -Server/Application -Database
Doctor, Patient, and InstitutionDatabase
Medical Supply Distribution Center Main Page
Order Medicine Unit
Renew prescriptonSearch Medicine Unit
Trace order status Unit
Search patient information Unit
User Verification Unit
Error Handling Unit
Login Unit
Check inventoryUnit
Warn low level inventory Unit
Add new medicineUnit
Storage Management Part
Add new userUnit
Medicine Database
Print Unit
Order Medicine Part
UML Structure Diagram
Doctor, Patient, and InstitutionDatabase
Medical Supply Distribution Center Main Page
Order Medicine Unit
Renew prescriptonSearch Medicine Unit
Trace order status Unit
Search patient information Unit
User Verification Unit
Error Handling Unit
Login Unit
Check inventoryUnit
Warn low level inventory Unit
Add new medicineUnit
Storage Management Part
Add new userUnit
Medicine Database
Print Unit
Order Medicine Part
•GUI
UML Structure Diagram
Doctor, Patient, and InstitutionDatabase
Medical Supply Distribution Center Main Page
Order Medicine Unit
Renew prescriptonSearch Medicine Unit
Trace order status Unit
Search patient information Unit
User Verification Unit
Error Handling Unit
Login Unit
Check inventoryUnit
Warn low level inventory Unit
Add new medicineUnit
Storage Management Part
Add new userUnit
Medicine Database
Print Unit
Order Medicine Part
•GUI
•Application Server
UML Structure Diagram
Doctor, Patient, and InstitutionDatabase
Medical Supply Distribution Center Main Page
Order Medicine Unit
Renew prescriptonSearch Medicine Unit
Trace order status Unit
Search patient information Unit
User Verification Unit
Error Handling Unit
Login Unit
Check inventoryUnit
Warn low level inventory Unit
Add new medicineUnit
Storage Management Part
Add new userUnit
Medicine Database
Print Unit
Order Medicine Part
•GUI
•Data Base Server
•Application Server
Conclusions
• Aids is a widespread problem in Africa
• Addresses the needs of aids distribution
• Versatile system can be modified to address other problems
Questions
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