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Use and Management of Classification Systems for Knowledge-Based Indexing

Susanne M. HumphreyLister Hill Natiooal Center for Biomedical Communications

National Library of MedicineBethesda, MD 20894

. The MedIndEx (Medica1lndexing Expert) research project combines artificial intelligence andinfonnation retrieval principles and methods to develop and test an interactive knowledge-basedprototype for computer-assisted indexing of the MEDLINE~database. By encoding the indexingscheme in a knowledge base (KB), and designing a system for indexers to use in a wcdstationenvironment, the objective of this project is to facilitate "expert indexing" that is performed at theNational Library of Medicine

1. INTRODUCTION

MedIndEx is a prototype knowledge-based expert system designed to assist indexers in creatingsubject access points for perfonning MeSH thesaurus-based searches of thr .MEDLINE database.MEDLINE contains more than 6.6 million citations covering the periodical biomedical literaturesince 1966. According to its fiscal year 1990 report [1], NLM indexed nearly 400,000 documentsfor MEDLlNE. Over two million online searches were performed on the current MEDLlNEdatabase (the most recent 2-3 years) using NLM's retrieval system. This does not include searchesof MEDLINE on commercial retrieval systems that lease the database.

The main objective of MedIndEx is to develop interactive knowledge-based systems to facilitateexpert indexing that goes into the MEDLlNE product. The system consists of computerrepresentations of indexing concepts and executable rules. It is designed for a sophisticatedworkstation environment. A second objective, that has evolved from this project, is to utilize thesame representations and environment to develop intelligent retrieval systems.

A 250-page technical report, which includes the system design document and indexing manual, isavailable from NTIS [2].

2. CONVENTIONAL INDEXING

Before describing MedIndEx, we will summarize characteristics of conventional indexing thatwould suggest a knowledge-based approach as a natural outgrowth.

MeSH contains about 16,000 headings, 80 subheadings which fonn heading-subheading precoordinations as indexing terms, and about 60,000 supplementary chemical terms which serve toenlarge the entry vocabulary to regular MeSH chemical headings. In addition, MeSH containsofficial alternate terms, like synonyms, abbreviations, and other variants. Although MeSH is inmachine-readable form, indexers use published forms to do their work. Tools that contain indexingrules per se include the alphabetic MeSH, which has annotations appended to individual terms, theindexing manual, technical notes, and other publications.

Humphrey, S. (1991). Use and Management of Classification Systems for Knowledge-Based Indexing. 2nd ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop, 49-62. doi:10.7152/acro.v2i1.12547

ISSN: 2324-9773

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