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Green BiodieselJack V. MatsonProfessor of Environmental Engineering
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Overview
Biodiesel and its importance
Comparison of biodiesel production processes
Current and future research
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Biodiesel Production
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100
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800
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mill
ion
Gal
lons
per
Yea
r
US ProductionEU Production
Source: European Biodiesel Board, National Biodiesel Board
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US Biodiesel Production
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Vegetable Oil Feedstocks
CornSoyPalmCottonseedCanolaJatrophaAlgae
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Biodiesel Chemistry
• Veg.oil (fatty acids) + m(ethanol) > glycerol + biodiesel• Reactants immiscible – reaction at interface• Liquid catalyst versus solid catalyst• Low pressure/temperature versus high press/temp
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Conventional Biodiesel Process
Wastewater
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Green Biodiesel Continuous Process Using Solid Catalysts
Feedstocks
(High and Low free fatty acid content)Ethanol
Continuous Transesterification Process
Solid Metal Oxide Catalyst
High QualityBiodiesel
High Quality Glycerol
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Conventional vs. Green Comparison
Glycerol, glyceridesCatalyst, soap, water, glycerol, glyceridesImpurities (ASTM)
LongShort (consumed) Catalyst Life
NYCatalyst Mixing Unit
NYDistillation of Glycerol
NYWashing & Wastewater
NYPretreatment of Fatty Acid (waste oils)
10-20 minutes100 minutesConversion Time
ContinuousBatchProcess Type
GreenConventional
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Continuous Packed-Bed Reactor
Schematic Diagram of Lab-Scale Reactor
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Packed-Bed Reactor Results
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0 5 10 15 20 25
Residence time (min)
Biod
iese
l Con
vers
ion
(%)
TiO CaTiO3MnO (20-35 mesh) MnO (+200 mesh)CaCO3
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Studies
Rate Constant and Residence Time analysis of catalystsLongevity of Catalysts, RegenerationFeedstock impacts on productCatalytic hydration and hydrogenation
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Full Scale Process Diagram
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Research and DevelopmentTimeline
Test Catalysts and Reactor Conditions using Bench-scale reactor (4/07 - 10/07)
Design of Commercial Reactor and Pilot Production Facility (6/07 - 1/08)
Construction of Pilot Production Facility (3/08)
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Summary
Process accepts all feedstocks w/o pretreatment, producing no wastewater,Pilot plant planned for 2008Patent Applied For: June, 2007Partners to commercialize
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