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March 31
CALICE Collaboration meeting
April 1 – 4
ECFA/DESY Linear Collider Workshop
Amsterdam
Mostly repeat from previous CALICE meeting
Additionally
Japanese Italian ECAL Kansas
Forward CAL
Simulations
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CALICE ECALPresented by J-C Vanel
ECAL general view
3rd structure (3×1.4mm of W plates)
370 mm
180 mm
Silicon wafer
2nd structure (2×1.4mm of W plates)
1st structure (1.4mm of W plates)
Detector slab
370 mm
8.5 mm8.5 mm
125
.6 m
m1
25
.6 m
m374.5 mm
374.5 mm
Alveolus
Front End electronics
(Cfi / W) structure type H
Silicon wafer
Shielding
PCB
Al. ShieldingPCB (multi-layers)
( 2.4 mm)
Silicon wafer(0.525 mm)
Tungsten(1.4 mm, 2×1.4 or 3×1.4 mm)
8.5
mm
Composite structure (0.15 mm / layer)
Transverse view
Detector slabDetector slab
PCB : PCB :
- 14 layers14 layers
- Thickness 2.4 mmThickness 2.4 mm
ChipsChipsChipsChips
PCB, Wafer, Chip : still in progressPCB, Wafer, Chip : still in progress
WaferWaferWaferWafer
PCB boardPCB boardPCB boardPCB board
Front end electronic : ASIC
New FLC_PHY2 – General presentation
FLC_PHY1 FLC_PHY2• Preamp 16 gains (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6pF switchable)• Lower noise (input transimproved)• Shaper bigain differential• track & hold differential
• Preamp 1 gain (1.5pF)• Low noise (2200e-)• Shaper Mono gainunipolar• track & hold Unipolar
Pin-Pincompatibility
AmpOPA
OPA
MUX out Gain=1
MUX out Gain=10
1 channel
• Physic prototype program is well advanced • First test beam with electrons mi 2004• First hadronic test beam 2005
• Prototype in beam ~ summer 2004– R&D (thermal et electronic)– Some part not so well covered
Collaboration welcome
http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/calice.html
LCCAL
LCCAL: Official INFN R&D project, official DESY R&D project PRC R&D 00/02Contributors (Como, LNF, Padova, Trieste): M. Alemi, M.Bettini, S.Bertolucci, E. Borsato, A.Bulgheroni, M. Caccia, P.Checchia, C. Fanin, G. Fedel, J.Marczewski,S. Miscetti , M. Nicoletto, M. Prest, R. Peghin, L. Ramina, E. Vallazza.
Presented by S Miscetti, A Bulgheroni
Pb/Sc + Si45 layers
25 x 25 x 0.3 cm3 Lead 25 x 25 x 0.3 cm3 Scintillator 3 layers of Silicon
1 x 1 cm2 pads at 2, 6, 12 X0
EE
11.5%E
Extensive Testing in Frascati Test Beam
Electrons and positrons
50 – 850 MeV
Energy selection 1 %
Up to 103 electrons/s
Energy resolution as expected
Recently inserted Si-Pads
E(MeV)
Conclusions and perspectives
• The LCCAL prototype is fully working! - more Si Pads are under constructions - the third Si layer will be fully equipped - multianode PMs to be installed in late autumn
Needs to start the simulation of this hybrid technique in LC software
• Succesfull test run with the whole prototype is under way at the BTF in Frascati
• Energy response and resolution as expected! Work is in progress to understand discriminating power of multiple hits by merging Silicon and Energy information.
• Two test beams at Higher Energy in preparation:PS (June 2003 ??) SPS (August 2003)
AHCAL: impressive progressPresented by V Korbel
Tests of plastic scintillator
Fiber routing optimization
Selection of wavelength-shifting fibers
Coupling of WLS-fibres to scintillator
Clear fiber selection
Connection of WLS and clear fibres
Photodetectors:
remaining candidates: APDs and Si-PMs
2 ns
2 mV
Some features:• Sensitive size 1x1mm2 on 1.5x1.5 mm2
• Gain 2106 at Ubias~ 50V • Recovery time ~ 100 ns/pixel• Nuclear counter effect: negligible (due to Geiger mode operation)• Number of pixels: 576, now 1000/mm2
• Dynamic range > 200
R&D at MEPHI (Moscow), B. Dolgoshein, together with PULSAR (Russ. Industry)
R 50
h
pixel
Ubias
Al
Depletion Region2 m substrat
e
ResistorRn=400 k
20m
42m SiPMs, Silicon Photomultiplier
For further details see:«Advanced study of SiPM»http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/icfa/fall01.html
Performance of SiPMs with 1 Scintillator Tile
DESY e-test beamwith various Si-PMs (MEPHI)
4-8 pe576 px53-55V
15 pe1000 pxSi-PM on tile
10 pe, 576 px54V
minical
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
MIP Detection by one cell ( 3 Tiles + 3 SiPMs)
98% efficiency
Dar
k ra
te, H
z
Threshold, phe
MIP
de
tect
ion
eff
icie
ncy
Si-PM’s, dark rate and MIP detection
Sum of 3 tiles ine-beam test atDESY
576pix/mm2From Elena Popova, MEPhI
Minical arrayAssembled with up to27 scintillator layers, of 9 tiles each, 5x5X0.5 cm3
243 scintillator tiles or81 cells of 3 tilesread out by ~ 50 cm WLS fibres to photo-detectors:
APD’s: 3 tiles/APDMA-PMs: 16fold, 3 tiles/pixelSi-PMs: 1 tile/Si-PM•also:1x32 M-APD array (Pra
Stack and Tile structure
Aim of this device is:cosmics, study of:•LY•uniformity of response•calibration with MIPs•stability of MIP signals•different photodetectors•long term ageing
LED monitoring:•stability•dynamic range
e-beam, study of:•energy resolution•constant term
1. Enough LY from TFS (~200 photons at photodetector)2. APD’s and SI-PMs are the photodetectors which do the task3. Preamplifiers with low noise are essential (MIP-noise separation,calibration)4. Minical test to establish calibration precision in summer5. Now design of prototype boards for APD and Si-PMs, DUBNA6. Photodetectors, large quantity to order in summer:
• 1000 APDs or • ~ 5000 Si-PMs or • both types in relevant quantities e.g. ~250/3500
7. Prototype stack (1m3) will be build in summer8. Assembly of PT-stack with TFS starts in Jan. 20049. Spring 2004 is used to set up and calibrate all channels with cosmics.
Outlook
DHCAL: Choice of Active Media
Technologies investigated
a) Scintillator Northern Illinois University
b) Gas Electron Multipliers University of Texas at Arlington
c) Resistive Plate Chambers IHEP Protvino JINR Dubna
Argonne National Laboratory Boston University University of Chicago Fermi National Laboratory
d) Short Drift Tubes IHEP Protvino
Requirements
Possibility of readout with fine segmentation of O(1 cm2) Acceptable level of ‘cross-talk’ between channels Reliable, robust, long life of O(> 10 years) Affordable
Presented by J Repond
Group Russia USResistive plates Glass
Mode of operation Avalanche
Number of gas gaps 1 2
Number of pads 16 25
Tests with Sources
Cosmic rays
Test beams
Sources
Cosmic rays
Measurements Charge, efficiency and noise rates versus HV
Pad multiplicity versus HV Pad multiplicity
Pad multiplicity for various tanode
Comparison of various tgas gaps
Rate capability
Charge vs distance
Resistive Plate Chambers RPCs
RPC: A few examples from the Russians…
Efficiency versus rate for avalanche and streamer mode
Pad multiplicity versus charge for different anode thicknesses
№ Item avalanche streamer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
Working mixture HV working point, kV Induced charge, pC Threshold on 50, mV Efficiency, %
Q / Q Pad multiplicity Noise, Hz/сm2 Rate capability, Hz/сm2 Ageing effects
TFE/Iso/SF6=93/5/2 8.4 3.4 1-2 >99 ~ 1 1.5
~ 0.5 300 no
TFE/Iso/Ar=85/10/5 7.0 300
50 - 200 ~95
~ 0.6 1.4 - 1.5
~ 0.1 4 - 5
observed
Conclusions about comparison of modes of operation
Name of chamber AIR0 AIR1 AIR2
Date of construction 11/2002 1/2003 1/2003
Active area 20x20 cm2 20x20 cm2 20x20 cm2
Number of gas gaps 2 2 2
Glass thickness 0.85 mm 1.1 mm 1.1 mm
Thickness of gas gap 0.64 mm 0.64 mm 0.64 mm
Resistive layer Graphite Ink Ink
Surface resistivity ~300 kΩ/□ ~200 kΩ/□ ~1200 kΩ/□
Streamer signal starting point
7.5 kV 6.7 kV 6.6 kV
Pedestal width ~15 fC ~8 fC ~8 fC
Gas mixture
Freon/Argon/IsoButane = 62:30:8
In future
Freon/IsoButane/SulfurHexafluoride = 92:5:3
RPC: A few examples from the Americans…
Measurements of efficiencies
Counting charges above Q0 Counting events above V0
Efficiency greater than 90% in avalanche mode (plateau ~200V)Small fraction of streamers
Efficiency greater than 90% in avalanche mode (plateau ~300V)Small fraction of streamersNoise rate ~50Hz for avalanche mode
This is low!
Central pad with maximum charge: select avalanches
Looking at individual pads
Charge on neighboringpads small!
Short Drift Tubes STDs
Cell size 1 cm2 x 3 mm
Gas: IB:Ar:TFE = 80:10:10
Efficiency and Multiplicity
As function of High Voltage
Currently using flammable gas,exploring performance with other mixtures
DHCAL Readout schemes
Real challenge…. 1 m3 prototype: 400,000 channels!
IHEP Protvino Conditioning + FPGA + Serialiser
JINR Dubna Comparators + FPGA + VME
US groups Custom FE ASIC + concentrator + collector
Korea Testing entire chain of comparators and digital processing
Imperial College London
Adapting ECAL readout scheme to A/DHCAL
Readout at Protvino
Conceptual design
readout for 64 channels
I Conditioning (analog)
II FPGA (digital)
III Serializer (readout of several FPGA)
May 6, 2003
Design of readout system in US…
System overview
I RPC ASIC located on the chambers
II Data concentrators
funnels data from several FE chips
III VME data collector
funnels data from several data concentrators
IV External timing and trigger system
May 6, 2003 29
Conceptual design of readout pad
Attempt to minimize cross-talk
Overall thickness 2 - 3 mm
One ASIC for 64 (or 128) channels
Will need 6250 (3125) ASICs for 1 m3 prototype
First version of boards being laid out
ASIC: Analog signal processing
Each channel has a preamplifier
Needed for avalanche mode Can be bypassed (in streamer mode) Provides pulse shaping Provides polarity inversion
Modes of operation
I Trigger-less operation Timestamp counter running inside chip (with external reset) Store timestamp and channel number when hit
II Triggered operation
Provide pipeline for temporary data storage Provide trigger input to capture data of interest (Provide trigger output: 1 bit) Timestamp to identify event
Design of ASIC: Digital Processing Functions
Attempt to implement features possibly useful for other detectors
Significant overlap with what is needed for Off-axis detector
Performance specifications being defined now…
Simulation Studies for DHCALThe NIU Report Presented by V Zutschi
Progress with the Development of EFAs at Argonne
Presented by J Repond for S Kuhlmann and S Magill
Definition of a weight for CAL cells: Wi = k Σ(1/Rij)High weight cells chosen as seeds for clusteringTested on π0 → γγ, Σ+ → pπ0
Implementation of jet algorithm First results on analog vs digital (different cell sizes)
CALonly
EFanalog
EFdigital
Development of track shower matching: TESLADefine cell weights depending on # of neighbors w/in 40 cellsCells with W > 1/40 treated as seeds for clusteringDeveloped Photon Finder
Perfect EFA
Goal σEM = 1.4 GeV
Compare to h0 σh = 2.9 GeV
σEM = 2.8 GeV
Politics…Status and Plans of TESLA Presented by A Wagner
More information and upcoming meetings…
Talks from DHCAL meeting in Paris on 28-February-2003
See http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/agenda_dhcal_280203.html
Next DHCAL meeting at DESY on June 30, 2003
Talks from CALICE meeting in Amsterdam on 31-March-2003
See http://polywww.in2p3.fr/flc/agenda_CALICE_310303.html
Talks from LC workshop in Amsterdam, April 1 – 4, 2003
See http://www.nikhef.nl/ecfa-desy/flashindex.html
Review of status of different DHCAL efforts
First attempt to provide costing for different readout options
Specifications for mechanical absorber structure: separate from AHCAL? stainless steel? gap thickness? variable?
Co-operation on RPCs and readout with Russians?
Date almost final
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