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Mao ZedongMihir PatelDeborah Park
China Before Mao
Large Western influence was forced onto China
The Opium War with Britain
Western Powers divided China into many sections
The Western Powers left the Qing Dynasty in power because it was very weak
Violent rebellions along with the Japanese War led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911
The Republic of China was formed. Many political parties (Communists, Nationalists, and the Japanese) fought for power
The Early Years of Mao
Born on December 26, 1893 and grew up in the village of Shaoshan (pop. 2000)
Growing up in that village gave Mao a first hand experience with poverty
At the age of 16, Mao left his village to search for better schooling. On his journeys he developed very extreme nationalist ideas.
In 1911 Mao studied the revolutionary work of Sun Yat-sen.
As he was traveling, he saw the constant struggles of the Chinese peasants with their landlords. He saw that China needed a revolution
Mao Becomes More Involved
In 1921, Mao attended the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
In 1923, the Chinese Communist Party formed an alliance with Sun Yat-sen and his Nationalist Party
He was appointed the Nationalist’s Executive Bureau
Mao went back to Shaoshan where he witnessed many police shootings of innocent peasants. He started to organize peasant revolution groups
Mao Becomes More Involved
In 1927 General Chiang Kai-shek took over the Nationalist Party and became leader of the Republic of China
He led an anti-communist movement and killed many of them (Civil War of the Nationalists and the Communists)
In 1934, Mao and the Red Army, consisting of 90,000 people, went on a year long march called the Long March
After a year, Mao and the Red Army arrived in the Shaanxi Province with 10,000 people. This showed the Chinese people that he would make a wonderful leader.
Mao Becomes More Involved
On October 1, 1949, Mao spoke in front of Tiananmen Square where he was cheered on by a huge crowd
Mao took control over China and was now the leader
This marked the start of a new era for China
The Leader of China- Mao Zedong
To gain support from the peasants, Mao led land reforms from 1949-1953
He told peasants to revolt against and kill their land lords and anyone who owned land
He led China to victory in the Korean War which showed other countries that China was indeed a rising power
The Leader of China- Mao Zedong
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) Solidified Mao as the leader of China Transformed the economic and political lives of
all the Chinese people Mao used the Red Army to destroy any other
political parties (nationalists, anti-communists, etc.)
The Leader of China- Mao Zedong
The Cultural Revolution 1965-1976 Mao used the Red Army to transform China
culturally Used the Red Army to kill all intellectuals so
there is absolutely no opposition against him He encouraged kids to fight against their
teachers There were no more strong political parties in
China that could threaten Mao
How Mao Ruled
He ruled with force by destroying anything that had the potential to oppose him
“The Little Red Book” symbolized the people’s loyalty to him
He controlled all aspects of the Chinese life (family, education, culture, economy, and politics)
Family- he encouraged people to revolt against their parents
Education- encouraged people to fight against their teachers
Culture- Cultural Revolution Economy and Politics- The Great Leap Forward
Outline - PoliticsCreated a one-part system that condemned any
opposition: non-conformists were attacked and imprisoned, opposing political leaders were killed Gave absolute security of his reign
Anti-Rightist Campaign Reaction/condemnation of strong opposition (2 waves)
500,000+ people (Intellectuals) killed Mao realized the growing opposition (100 Flowers
campaign & Lushan Conference) against his economic decisions & therefore needed to purge those ideas
Outline - EconomicsGreat Leap Forward
Was supposed to mass produce and collectivize agriculture to surpass/match Britain’s status. Copied Stalin’s 5-Yr Plan However: misused resources, unstable water projects
Mines, factories, plants went into full production However: over-used workers and machines, eventually production
plummeted bc overly relied on Soviet assistance, who withdrew A positive economic result wasn’t even from Mao’s own policies
Economic policies were a failure Millions died of starvation, growing opposition against his regime,
led to several reforms: agriculture replaced industry in priority
Mao attempted to model Stalin’s economic policies, but backlashed bc of inefficiency. He eventually ruined the economy even more through the Cultural Rev. where production stopped and output decreased.
Outline - Social Land reforms – collectivization, eliminated religion, raised status of women,
labor camps Great Leap Forward. Everything was government owned
Peasants (strength of China) brought under a single party of rule, everyone was of equal status, anyone w ho opposed were eliminated
Revolution and suppression of counter-revolution 100 Flowers Campaign – period of liberation, encouraged critiques of communist
regimes Manipulation: Used for progression in science, but at the end Mao executed those
who spoke out against the regime Cultural Revolution – only promoted nationalistic Maoist arts, denounced
imperial China, millions killed Manipulated the peoples perception to glorify Mao’s regime Little Red Book – the people’s ‘Bible’ outlined the demeanor that was necessary, no
individuality
Mao won the love of majority of his people (peasants), which was the sole reason for maintaining his regime until his death. He inspired their anger for the disparity between them and intellectuals, businessmen, industrialists etc. Communism removed that disparity.
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