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Makira REDD Pilot Projectand
REDD Revenues
Christian Burren
WCS Madagascar
Presentation PlanPresentation Plan
REDD Project Context and Development National and local context of the Makira project Development and REDD feasibility
REDD Project implementation and management Creation of Makira protected area Management and co-management systems
REDD revenue generation and sharing Project certification Revenue sharing Ongoing discussions
Project Contextand
Development
National ContextNational Context
National Environmental Action Plan (PNAE) Durban Vision: Extension of Protected Areas
network from 1,7 to 6 million hectares Madagascar Action Plan engagement 7:
”taking care of the environment" Increase area under protection (6 categories) Reduce natural resources degradation Develop environmental reflex
REDD Readiness Preparation (R-PP submittedend 2010, currently suspended)
Local ContextLocal Context
Biggest humid forestcomplex in Madagascar(over 500 000 ha)
Exceptional biodiversity
Environmental services
Connectivity betweenexisting protected areas
Important human pressureon forest resources(agriculture, forestproducts, etc
Project DevelopmentProject Development
Project Objectives(USAID/PAGE): Biodiversity
conservation Reduced deforestation
and forest degradation Improved livelihoods of
local populations Test of alternative
funding sources (PES)
Approaches: Creation of new
protected area Sustainable use of
natural resources Implication of local
communities into forestand PA management
Additional funding andmotivation throughcarbon financing
REDD Feasibility Analysis (2004)REDD Feasibility Analysis (2004)
Reference area:350,000 ha
Carbon stock:286 tC/ha
Without Project (BAU):18,283 ha in 30 ans
With Project (REDD):8 797 ha dans 30 ans
Avoided Emissions:9,496,294 tons ofCO2-equivilents
350,000
345,000
340,000
335,000
330,000
325,000
320,000
With Project
Without Project
Project Implementationand
Management
Creation of the Creation of the Makira Makira Protected AreaProtected Area
New Protected Area:(372,470ha; 338,967ha forest)
Participatory delimitationand zoning: Protected Area (cat. 2)Protected Area (cat. 2) Controlled OccupationControlled Occupation Controlled UtilizationControlled Utilization
Système de suivienvironnemental
Temporary creation decreefor Makira in Dec. 2005
Setting up the Protection ZoneSetting up the Protection Zone
Protection Zone:(325,357ha; 183,783ha forest)
Management contracts withlocal communities
Nat. resources managem.capacity building
Implication in PA manage-ment (co-management)
Promotion of alternativerevenue sources
Natural Resources Management TransferNatural Resources Management Transfer
Legal Framework: GELOSE Law (all nat. resources, by resource) GCF Decree (forest resources, by forest zone)
Principles: State remains owner of natural resources Transfer of resources management to local
communities organized in associations Gives right to sustainable use of natural resources,
taxes if use is commercial
Elements: Contract, Dina, Management Plan (PAGES),Obligation clauses, association bylaws
GCF
GCF
GCFGCF
GCF
Makira Makira PA Co-Management SystemPA Co-Management System
Steering Committee:2 rep. WCS, 1rep. DGEF,3 rep. Federation (1/Région), 2 rep. DREF, 3 rep. Region, 1 rep. MAEP, (rep. Donors)
Secteur 1 Sector 3
Sector 6Sector 5Sector 4
GCF
GCFGCF
GCF
GCF
GCFReg
ion
1
Reg
ion
3Reg
ion
2
Protec
ted Area
COBA
Plat
form
GCF
GCF
Sector 2
GCF
GCF
GCF
COBA Platform
GCFGCF
Management Com.WCS MakiraForest AdministrationCOGE Federation
COGE Federation2 rep. per sector
COGE Platform2 rep. par GCF
Consulting CommitteeElected, local and trad. authorities, privatesector, NGOs, associations, devel. org.
REDD Revenue
Generation and
Sharing
REDD ActivitiesREDD Activities
Forest protection and sustainable management: Creation and management of the Makira PA Support to transfer of resources management Build management capacities of local communities
Rural development: Improved agriculture (water management, improved
capacities, improved techniques) Improved livelihoods (improved access to health and
education services, with specialized NGOs)
Alternative revenue generation: Carbon finance, rural microcredit (partnerships) Economic partnerships (eco-tourism, bio products)
Certification: Baseline Deforestation (BAU)Certification: Baseline Deforestation (BAU)
Spatial Project Boundaries:PA, RRD, RRL, LB
Temp. Project Boundaries:PP, HRP, BP, MP
Historic DeforestationAnalysis (1995-2000-2005)
Modelling of future defor.(Land Change Mod.) Calibration 1995 - 2000 Driver Variables Def. Risk Potential Validation 2000 - 2005 Deforestation Projections
Certification: Carbon Stock AnalysisCertification: Carbon Stock Analysis
Preliminary Inventory in4 strata (40 samples): Low Altitude IntactLow Altitude Intact Low Altitude DegradedLow Altitude Degraded Mid Altitude IntactMid Altitude Intact Mid Altitude DegradedMid Altitude Degraded
Final inventory in2 strata (132 samples): Low Altitude Forest Mid Altitude Forest
Certification: ValidationCertification: Validation and Verificationand Verification
Validation : Deforestation drivers
addressed by project Applied methodologies Baseline deforestation
scenario (BAU)
Leakage belt andmanagement
Ex-ante project scenario Monitoring system
Verification: Ex-post project
emissions Leakage emissions due
to activity displacement Avoided emissions
(compared to baseline) Non-permanence risk
and accuracy buffers Total VCUs
REDD Project CostsREDD Project Costs
Investment costs: Support to PA and resources management structures
(WCS, COBAs) Maintenance of deforestation reducing activities
Implementation costs: Monitoring (MRV) and evaluation costs Certification costs (VCS et CCB) Costs related to marketing of carbon credits
REDD Stakeholders and RolesREDD Stakeholders and Roles
Local communities in PA and protection zone: Local communities are main deforestation agent That’s where emission reductions are generated (50% of PA entry fees go to local communities (COAP))
REDD project promoter (WCS): Delegated manager of the protected area Responsible for validation and verification (MRV) Main actor for marketing (MCC)
National and local Government Owner of Makira protected area Owner and seller of carbon credits Responsible for national control and evaluation (12 to 15% go to government for forest resources)
REDD Revenue Distribution SchemeREDD Revenue Distribution Scheme
Distribution Scheme proposed for Makira
Revenues fromcarbon credit
sales
To localcommunities
for forest protection and sustainable nat.
Resources man.
50%
Fin.Managem. 2,5%
MRVCertificat.2,5%
CreditMarketing
5%
ToGoM for nat.REDD, contoland training
20%
ToDelegated
Manager for PAManagement
20%
REDD Revenue Distribution ProcessREDD Revenue Distribution Process
20% directly to GoM
80% distributed through designated foundation: COBAs or COBA Federation (50%) PA Manager (22.5%) and Marketing agent (5%) Financial Manager (2.5%)
Invested into projects contributing to: Biodiversity conservation (PA Management) Sustainable resources use (GCF) Rural development
Additional support to project development: Technical assistance Resources management plans
REDD Legal FrameworkREDD Legal Framework
REDD readiness preparation still ongoing inMadagascar, no legal framework exists
Legal framework is important to investors because itreduces risks and ensures quality
Current arrangements: Ministerial order creating the Makira protected area Ministerial order and contract designating WCS as
manager of Makira Agreement between MCC and the Ministry on marketing
of Makira emission offsets Term sheet on sale of emission reduction credits ERPA between State and end buyer
Ongoing DiscussionsOngoing Discussions
Designated foundation (Tany Meva, FAPBM…) andsteering committee for Makira ?
Benefits to regions and Communes ? Limited role in natural resources management Motivation for supporting the project
Equitable sharing between communities ? Forest area varies among COBAs Performance based arrangements
Ecological and financial monitoring Transparent registration procedures Integration of local communities
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