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Macromolecules
Carbon
Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules
by bonding to four other atoms
Isomers
Structural =
Difference in covalent
bonds
Cis-trans = Difference
in arrangement around
double bond
Enantiomers =
Difference in shape
due to the presence of
an asymmetric carbon
Pharmacological Enantiomers
Awakenings
Thalidomide
Chemical Groups
Functional
Groups
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids (not classified as a macro)
Nucleic Acids
Monosaccharides
Aldehyde or
Ketone with
hydroxyl
groups
Glucose
Disaccharides
Glycosidic linkages – connection between
two monosaccarides
Polysaccharides (Storage)
Polysaccharides (Storage)
Cellulose (Structural)
Chitin (Structural)
Lipids - Hydrophobic
Triglycerides
Glycerol
Three fatty acids
Ester Linkages
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Trans fat – hydrogenated oils
Phospholipids
Lipid Functions
Energy storage
Cushions internal organs
Insulation
Membrane Structure
Water storage
Toxic storage
Chemical Messengers
Proteins
Peptide Bonds
Primary
Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Hemoglobin
Protein Functions
Structural
Storage
Transport
Hormonal (Coordination of body activities)
Receptor
Movement (Contractile and motor)
Defensive
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
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