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Machine SafeguardingMachine Safeguarding
Thanks to Jennifer Schneider for Thanks to Jennifer Schneider for this presentationthis presentation
22
ANSI/OSHAANSI/OSHA
Their Relationship to Each Other Their Relationship to Each Other and the Worldand the World
33
ANSIANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteAmerican National Standards Institute
DomesticDomestic–– Founded in 1918Founded in 1918–– Private non profit organizationPrivate non profit organization–– Coordinates the U.S. voluntary consensus Coordinates the U.S. voluntary consensus
standards system and approves American standards system and approves American National StandardsNational Standards
–– Only recognized system in the U.S. for Only recognized system in the U.S. for establishing American National Standardsestablishing American National Standards
44
ANSI/OSHA RelationshipANSI/OSHA Relationship
Close cooperative relationship Close cooperative relationship -- each each represented on each others committeerepresented on each others committeeOSHA often adopts ANSI standardsOSHA often adopts ANSI standardsOr under the General Duty Clause ANSI Or under the General Duty Clause ANSI standards can be incorporated and enforcedstandards can be incorporated and enforced
55
84 STAT. 1593 84 STAT. 1593 Pub. Law 91Pub. Law 91-- 596596December 29, 1970December 29, 1970
(4) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to (4) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to supersede or in any manner affect any workmensupersede or in any manner affect any workmen’’s s compensation law or to enlarge or diminish or compensation law or to enlarge or diminish or affect in any other manner the common law or affect in any other manner the common law or statutory rights, duties, or liabilities of employers or statutory rights, duties, or liabilities of employers or employees under any law with respect to injuries, employees under any law with respect to injuries, diseases, or death of employees arising out of, or diseases, or death of employees arising out of, or in the course of, employment.in the course of, employment.
66
84 STAT. 1593 84 STAT. 1593 Pub. Law 91Pub. Law 91-- 596596December 29, 1970December 29, 1970
Sec. 5 (a) Each employerSec. 5 (a) Each employer(1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment
and a place of employment which are free from recognized and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;serious physical harm to his employees;
(2) shall comply with occupational safety and health (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.standards promulgated under this Act.
(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards rules, regulations, and orders safety and health standards rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.actions and conduct.
77
American National Standards on Safety American National Standards on Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
Machine ToolsMachine ToolsANSlANSl B11.1B11.1--19881988ANSlANSl B11.2B11.2--19821982ANSlANSl B11.3B11.3--19821982ANSlANSl B11.4B11.4--19831983ANSlANSl B11.5B11.5--19881988ANSlANSl B11.6B11.6--19881988ANSlANSl B11.7B11.7--19851985ANSlANSl B11.7aB11.7a--19871987ANSlANSl B11.8B11.8--19831983ANSlANSl B11.9B11.9--19751975ANSlANSl B11.10B11.10--19901990ANSlANSl B11.11B11.11--1985
Mechanical Power PressesHydraulic Power PressesPower Press BrakesShearsIron WorkersLathesCold Headers and Cold Formers(Supplement to ANSl B11.7-1985)Drilling, Milling, and Boring MachinesGrinding MachinesMetal Sawing MachinesGear Cutting Machines1985
88
American National Standards on Safety American National Standards on Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use of
Machine ToolsMachine ToolsANSlANSl B11.12B11.12--19831983ANSlANSl B11.13B11.13--19921992
ANSlANSl B11.14B11.14--19831983ANSlANSl B11.15B11.15--19841984ANSlANSl B11.16B11.16--19881988ANSlANSl B11.17B11.17--19821982ANSlANSl B11.18B11.18--19851985
ANSlANSl B11.19B11.19-
Roll Forming and Roll Bending MachinesSingle- and Multiple-Spindle Automatic Bar and Chucking MachinesCoil Slitting Machines/SystemsPipe, Tube, and Shape Bending MachinesMetal Powder Compacting PressesHorizontal Hydraulic Extrusion PressesMachinery and Machine Systems for the Processing of Coiled Strip, Sheet, and PlateSafeguarding When Referenced by the Other B11 Machine Tool Safety Standards
Manufacturing Systems/Cells
-
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CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS TITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.212SECTION 1910.212GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINESGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINES
Machine GuardingMachine Guarding–– (1) Types of Guarding. One or more methods of (1) Types of Guarding. One or more methods of
machine guarding shall be provided to protect the machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Example of guarding methods are sparks. Example of guarding methods are -- barrier barrier guards, twoguards, two--hand tripping devices, electronic safety hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc.devices, etc.
1010
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS TITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.212SECTION 1910.212GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINESGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINES
Machine GuardingMachine Guarding–– (2) General requirements for machine guards. Guards (2) General requirements for machine guards. Guards
shall be affixed to the machine where possible and shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident hazard in itself.does not offer an accident hazard in itself.
1111
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS TITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.212SECTION 1910.212GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINESGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINES
Machine GuardingMachine Guarding–– (3) Point(3) Point--ofof--operation guarding.operation guarding.
(i) Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is (i) Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed.actually performed upon the material being processed.(ii) The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes (ii) The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury shall be guarded. The guarding device an employee to injury shall be guarded. The guarding device shall be in conformity with any appropriate standards therefore;shall be in conformity with any appropriate standards therefore;or, in the absence of applicable specific standard, shall be so or, in the absence of applicable specific standard, shall be so designed and constructed as to prevent the operator from designed and constructed as to prevent the operator from having any part of his body in the danger zone during the having any part of his body in the danger zone during the operating cycle.operating cycle.
1212
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS TITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.212SECTION 1910.212GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINESGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL MACHINES
Machine GuardingMachine Guarding–– (3) Point(3) Point--ofof--operation guarding.operation guarding.
(iii) Special hand tools for placing and removing material shall(iii) Special hand tools for placing and removing material shallbe such as to permit easy handling of material without the be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone. Such tools shall notoperator placing a hand in the danger zone. Such tools shall notbe in lieu of other guarding required by this section, but can obe in lieu of other guarding required by this section, but can only nly be used to supplement protection provided.be used to supplement protection provided.
1313
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONSCODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONSTITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.219SECTION 1910.219MECHANICAL POWERMECHANICAL POWER--TRANSMISSION APPARATUSTRANSMISSION APPARATUS
This Section CoversThis Section Covers(a) Most, with some exceptions, all types of power(a) Most, with some exceptions, all types of power--transmission belts. transmission belts. (b) Prime(b) Prime--mover guards (Such As)mover guards (Such As)
1. Flywheels1. Flywheels2. Cranks and connecting rods2. Cranks and connecting rods3. Rods, Shafts and Shaft Ends3. Rods, Shafts and Shaft Ends4. Power4. Power--transmission apparatus transmission apparatus
located in basementslocated in basements5. Pulleys5. Pulleys6. Belt, rope and chain drives6. Belt, rope and chain drives7. Overhead Horizontal belts7. Overhead Horizontal belts
1414
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONSCODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONSTITLE 29TITLE 29
SECTION 1910.219SECTION 1910.219MECHANICAL POWERMECHANICAL POWER--TRANSMISSION APPARATUSTRANSMISSION APPARATUS
This Section Covers:This Section Covers:((2)Wood Guards. (I) Wood guards may be used in the2)Wood Guards. (I) Wood guards may be used in the
woodworking and chemical industries, in industries wherewoodworking and chemical industries, in industries wherethe presence of fumes or where manufacturing conditionsthe presence of fumes or where manufacturing conditionswould cause the rapid deterioration of metal guards; also inwould cause the rapid deterioration of metal guards; also inconstruction work and in locations outdoors where extremeconstruction work and in locations outdoors where extremecold or extreme hear make metal guards an railingcold or extreme hear make metal guards an railingundesirable. In all other industries, wood guards shall not undesirable. In all other industries, wood guards shall not be used.be used.
1515
Basic Safety Requirements for Basic Safety Requirements for Machinery Machinery (Among Other Things)(Among Other Things)
SafeguardingSafeguardingControlsControlsDisconnectDisconnectStarterStarterCoverCover
1616
5 Concerns on Any Machine5 Concerns on Any Machine
Safeguarding Safeguarding -- guard, device, methodguard, device, method
Controls Controls -- control reliabilitycontrol reliability
Disconnect Disconnect -- lockable in off positionlockable in off position
Starter Starter -- magnetic (for dropmagnetic (for drop--out protection)out protection)
Covers Covers -- rotating components covered to 7 ft. rotating components covered to 7 ft. from floor or from working platform from floor or from working platform
1717
Types of MachinesTypes of Machines
Metal fabricatingMetal fabricating-- power presses, press power presses, press brakes, shears, iron workers,etc.brakes, shears, iron workers,etc.Metal turningMetal turning-- lathes, mills, drills, boring lathes, mills, drills, boring machines, grinders, saws,etc.machines, grinders, saws,etc.Other MachinesOther Machines-- robots, textile, assembly, robots, textile, assembly, packaging, special, etc.packaging, special, etc.
1818
OSHA Instruction CPL 2 OSHA Instruction CPL 2 --1.241.24Directorate of Compliance ProgramsDirectorate of Compliance Programs
National Emphasis Program on Mechanical National Emphasis Program on Mechanical Power Presses, 29 C.F.R.Power Presses, 29 C.F.R.
1910.2171910.217PURPOSE: This directive describes policies and PURPOSE: This directive describes policies and
procedures for implementing a National Emphasis procedures for implementing a National Emphasis Program (NEP) to reduce and eliminate the workplace Program (NEP) to reduce and eliminate the workplace incidence of hazards associated with mechanical power incidence of hazards associated with mechanical power presses.presses.
1919
National Emphasis Program onNational Emphasis Program onMechanical Power PressesMechanical Power Presses
10 Manufacturing industries by SIC code: 10 Manufacturing industries by SIC code: plus other plus other SICSIC’’ss as deemed necessaryas deemed necessary–– #3469 stamping#3469 stamping–– #3444 sheet metal#3444 sheet metal–– #3442 metal doors#3442 metal doors–– #3441 fabricated steel#3441 fabricated steel–– #3429 hardware#3429 hardware
– #2542 manufactured furniture
– #3714 motor vehicle parts– #3499 misc. metal products– #3443 boiler shops– #3496 wire products
2020
National Emphasis Program onNational Emphasis Program onMechanical Power PressesMechanical Power Presses
1 Million workers in 22,000 companies 1 Million workers in 22,000 companies with a total of 300,000 mechanical with a total of 300,000 mechanical power pressespower presses–– total of 650 amputations in 1994 (BLS 94) total of 650 amputations in 1994 (BLS 94)
from all mechanical sources which was from all mechanical sources which was 10% of all amputations in manufacturing 10% of all amputations in manufacturing 2,650 violations in 3 years2,650 violations in 3 years80% serious, willful, repeat80% serious, willful, repeat
2121
Safety Standards & RegulationsSafety Standards & Regulations
1910.2171910.217-- Mechanical power presses Mechanical power presses (B11.1)(B11.1)1910.2121910.212-- General requirements for all General requirements for all machinesmachines1910.2191910.219-- Mechanical power transmission Mechanical power transmission apparatus (B15.1)apparatus (B15.1)
2424
Single Stroke CapabilitySingle Stroke Capability
Single Stroke Mechanism Single Stroke Mechanism OROR
Single Stroke Trip Control SystemSingle Stroke Trip Control System(only exception is guarded press dedicated (only exception is guarded press dedicated to continuous)to continuous)–– Simple testSimple test----hold initiating means operated hold initiating means operated
while in single stroke modewhile in single stroke mode
2929
SafeguardingSafeguarding
EmployerEmployer’’s responsibilitys responsibilityguardsguardsdevicesdevicesauxiliary equipmentauxiliary equipmentnot required if hazard is 1/4 inch or lessnot required if hazard is 1/4 inch or less
3030
SafeguardingSafeguarding
GuardsGuards--prevent (die enclosure, fixed, prevent (die enclosure, fixed, interlocked,adjustable)interlocked,adjustable)DevicesDevices--control (presence sensing, pull control (presence sensing, pull back,restraint,gates, 2 hand control or trip)back,restraint,gates, 2 hand control or trip)–– access to point of operationaccess to point of operation
3131
Safeguarding mechanical power Safeguarding mechanical power pressespresses
GuardsGuards----primary operationsprimary operationsDevicesDevices----secondary operationssecondary operations---- by by controlling operator or machine or bothcontrolling operator or machine or both
3232
Guard requirementsGuard requirements
Must be designed, constructed, applied, Must be designed, constructed, applied, adjusted & maintained to meet the following:adjusted & maintained to meet the following:–– openings of table Oopenings of table O--1010–– no pinch point between guard and slideno pinch point between guard and slide–– utilize fasteners not readily removableutilize fasteners not readily removable–– facilitate inspectionfacilitate inspection–– maximum visibilitymaximum visibility
3434
Types of barrier guardsypes of barrier guardsDie enclosureDie enclosure--becomes part of die, need becomes part of die, need guard for each dieguard for each diefixedfixed-- may have openings but is not may have openings but is not adjustableadjustable--ok for dedicated press/die ok for dedicated press/die applicationsapplicationsadjustableadjustable--accommodates different size coil accommodates different size coil widths & thicknesswidths & thickness’’interlockedinterlocked--prevents or stops motion when prevents or stops motion when interlock is openinterlock is open
3535
Interlocking GuardsInterlocking Guards
Not mandatory for all hinged or movable Not mandatory for all hinged or movable guard sections to be interlockedguard sections to be interlockedInterlocked Guard sections must:Interlocked Guard sections must:–– prevent the cycle (when open)prevent the cycle (when open)–– stop the cycle (when opened during cyclestop the cycle (when opened during cycle----
must not allow injury)must not allow injury)
4040
Point of Operation DevicesPoint of Operation Devices
Presence sensingPresence sensingpull backspull backsrestraintsrestraintsgates or movable barriersgates or movable barrierstwo hand controltwo hand controltwo hand triptwo hand trip
4141
Presence sensingPresence sensing
prevent cycle initiationprevent cycle initiationstop the stop the downstrokedownstroke
if sensing field is obstructedif sensing field is obstructed
4343
Light CurtainLight Curtain
Plane of light creates a sensing fieldPlane of light creates a sensing field–– most use the infra red spectrum modulated to most use the infra red spectrum modulated to
ignore other sources of lightignore other sources of light–– units available from 7 inches to 70 inches in units available from 7 inches to 70 inches in
heightheight–– emitter and receiver from 2 to 65 feet apartemitter and receiver from 2 to 65 feet apart–– mirrors for multisided protectionmirrors for multisided protection
4444
Presence sensing devicesPresence sensing devices
Cannot be used:Cannot be used:on machines with full revolution clutcheson machines with full revolution clutchesas a tripping means to initiate a slide motionas a tripping means to initiate a slide motion(PSDI(PSDI-- self tripping)self tripping)
4545
Presence sensing devicesPresence sensing devices
Can be muted out (turned off) on the Can be muted out (turned off) on the upstroke for these purposes:upstroke for these purposes:–– parts ejectionparts ejection–– circuit checkingcircuit checking–– material feedingmaterial feeding
4646
Light curtainLight curtain
Must be mounted at a safe distance from Must be mounted at a safe distance from the nearest point of operation hazardthe nearest point of operation hazard““safety distancesafety distance””-- based upon machinebased upon machine’’s s stopping abilitystopping ability““penetration distancepenetration distance””-- based upon light based upon light curtain minimum object sensitivitycurtain minimum object sensitivity
4747
Presence sensing devicesPresence sensing devices
217 (c) (3) (iii) (a) (f):217 (c) (3) (iii) (a) (f):‘‘guards shall be used to protect all entry to guards shall be used to protect all entry to the point of operation not protected by the the point of operation not protected by the presence sensing devicepresence sensing device’’Precautions: radio frequency (operator must Precautions: radio frequency (operator must be detected), muting (non be detected), muting (non hazhaz portion of portion of stroke) and blanking (last resort)stroke) and blanking (last resort)
5050
PullbacksPullbacks
Most often used for secondary operation Most often used for secondary operation where the concern is repeat stroke of press where the concern is repeat stroke of press or inadvertent operationor inadvertent operation–– pull operators hands out as die closespull operators hands out as die closes–– wristlets for each handwristlets for each hand–– operated by slide or upper dieoperated by slide or upper die–– each operator must have a pullbackeach operator must have a pullback–– inspected every time a changeinspected every time a change–– inspected on a regular basis (paragraph e).inspected on a regular basis (paragraph e).
5353
RestraintsRestraints
Same requirements as pullbacksSame requirements as pullbacksshould always be adjusted so that the should always be adjusted so that the operator cannot reach the Point of operation operator cannot reach the Point of operation hazardhazardpiece part must be long enough to hold onto piece part must be long enough to hold onto at one endat one endor must use a hand feeding tool to feed or must use a hand feeding tool to feed small partssmall parts
5555
Gates (movable barriers)Gates (movable barriers)
Type AType A--protects the operator during the protects the operator during the entire press stroke (wonentire press stroke (won’’t open until the t open until the entire crankshaft rotation is completed)entire crankshaft rotation is completed)Type BType B-- protects the operator during the protects the operator during the downstrokedownstroke only (opens before the only (opens before the crankshaft rotation is complete)crankshaft rotation is complete)
5757
Two hand control as a Two hand control as a safeguarding devicesafeguarding device
Ring guards or fabricated shieldsRing guards or fabricated shieldsrequire both hands or concurrent operationrequire both hands or concurrent operationholding timeholding timeantianti--repeatrepeatinterrupted stroke protectioninterrupted stroke protectionfixed in place at a minimum safety distancefixed in place at a minimum safety distancemultiple operators multiple setsmultiple operators multiple setsinspected according to paragraph einspected according to paragraph e
5959
Two hand trip as a safeguarding Two hand trip as a safeguarding devicedevice
Ring guards or fabricated shieldsRing guards or fabricated shieldsrequire both handsrequire both handsconcurrent operationconcurrent operationantianti--repeatrepeatmultiple operators multiple setsmultiple operators multiple setsfixed position at a safe distance from the fixed position at a safe distance from the point of operationpoint of operationinspected according to paragraph einspected according to paragraph e
6363
HandfeedingHandfeeding toolstools
Are not considered a primary safeguardAre not considered a primary safeguardbut are classified as secondary/auxiliary but are classified as secondary/auxiliary means of safeguardingmeans of safeguarding
6565
Safeguarding DevicesSafeguarding Devices
That require side and back barriers That require side and back barriers ththprotect others in the machine areaprotect others in the machine area–– 2 hand trip2 hand trip–– 2 hand control2 hand control–– pullbacks and restraintspullbacks and restraints–– gatesgates–– presence sensingpresence sensing
6666
Safeguarding SummarySafeguarding Summary
Min.OSHA requirement is for one primary Min.OSHA requirement is for one primary safeguarding meanssafeguarding meansfor secondary operations, some use 2 for secondary operations, some use 2 safeguarding devices due to the strong safeguarding devices due to the strong points of each method (points of each method (ieie. To make sure . To make sure hands a re in a safe position when machine hands a re in a safe position when machine is being actuated)is being actuated)for additional protection, secondary or for additional protection, secondary or auxiliary means may be needed to protect auxiliary means may be needed to protect others in the area.others in the area.
6767
Repeat Strokes or Unintended Repeat Strokes or Unintended CyclesCycles
Can occur on either full revolution or part Can occur on either full revolution or part revolution clutch presses because of 3 revolution clutch presses because of 3 problems:problems:electrical (control reliability)electrical (control reliability)pneumatic (control reliability)pneumatic (control reliability)mechanical (maintenance)mechanical (maintenance)
6868
Control ReliabilityControl Reliability
‘‘Critical Component FailureCritical Component Failure’’---- any single any single electrical or pneumatic componentelectrical or pneumatic component–– controls made before 1971 unlikely to complycontrols made before 1971 unlikely to comply–– 19711971--19751975-- might complymight comply–– 1975+1975+-- probably complyprobably comply
6969
Control ReliabilityControl Reliability
B(7)B(7)----detailed requirements for clutch detailed requirements for clutch controlcontrolb(13)b(13)----control reliabilitycontrol reliabilityb(8)(vi)b(8)(vi)----control circuitcontrol circuit
7070
Brake MonitoringBrake Monitoring
Monitors each stroke to automatically Monitors each stroke to automatically prevent additional strokes if:prevent additional strokes if:–– stopping time or braking distance has stopping time or braking distance has
deteriorated to an unsafe pointdeteriorated to an unsafe point–– distance: distance: topstoptopstop overrunoverrun–– time: motion detectiontime: motion detection
7171
ElectricalElectrical
DisconnectDisconnectStarterStarterTransformerTransformerGroundGroundControl CircuitControl Circuit
7373
Safety Blocks (Die Blocks)Safety Blocks (Die Blocks)
Used whenever dies are being adjusted or Used whenever dies are being adjusted or repaired while in the pressrepaired while in the presssafety blocks should be interlocked to the safety blocks should be interlocked to the main motor of the pressmain motor of the press
7575
Power Press BrakesPower Press Brakes
Safety Requirements for Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and UseConstruction, Care, and Use
7676
Power Press BrakesPower Press Brakes
Light curtains (low to high production w/ Light curtains (low to high production w/ small to large small to large piecepartspieceparts))2 hand control (low, with any size piece 2 hand control (low, with any size piece parts)parts)pullbacks (high, with any size pullbacks (high, with any size piecepartspieceparts))restraints (high, with medium to large restraints (high, with medium to large piecepartspieceparts))
7777
Considerations on Press BrakesConsiderations on Press BrakesLight Curtains:Light Curtains:–– Interface properly to:Interface properly to:
mechanical frictionmechanical frictionair clutchair clutchhydraulichydraulichydrahydra--mechanicalmechanical
warning signswarning signscolor codingcolor codingproper handling of proper handling of piecepartpieceparthand toolshand tools
8383
Other considerations for Press Other considerations for Press BrakesBrakes
Operator slipping clutch or inching ram to Operator slipping clutch or inching ram to bottom of stroke for slow bendingbottom of stroke for slow bendingunused portion of die must be guarded or unused portion of die must be guarded or die cut to the length of the materialdie cut to the length of the materialprotect rear of machine by:protect rear of machine by:–– cable with interlock & warning signcable with interlock & warning sign–– pressure sensitive matpressure sensitive mat–– single beam w/latch outsingle beam w/latch out–– guardguard
8585
NHID/HOOD B11.3NHID/HOOD B11.3--19981998
Employer to provide correct type dies and Employer to provide correct type dies and hand toolshand toolssupervisor to ensure employees do not supervisor to ensure employees do not reach in diesreach in diesconstructor of safe material position gaugesconstructor of safe material position gaugesoperator self responsibilityoperator self responsibility
8686
ShearsShears
Safety Requirements for Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and UseConstruction, Care, and Use
8888
Shear SafeguardingShear Safeguarding
Barrier GuardsBarrier GuardsA or B type gatesA or B type gatesPullbacks/restraintsPullbacks/restraints2 hand controls2 hand controlsAwarenessAwareness---- barriers,devices,signalsbarriers,devices,signals
9090
Safeguarding for Metal Safeguarding for Metal Turning Machines Turning Machines
as as Referenced in the ANSI B11 Referenced in the ANSI B11
Series StandardsSeries Standards
9191
Metal Turning MachinesMetal Turning Machines
LathesLathesdrillsdrillsmillsmillsboresboressawssawsgrindersgrindersgear cuttinggear cuttingSWARF:chips,coolant,lubes,sparks,debrisSWARF:chips,coolant,lubes,sparks,debris
9292
Cutting/turning: B11.6 LathesCutting/turning: B11.6 LathesB11.8 Drilling/Milling/BoringB11.8 Drilling/Milling/Boring
The Point of operation on manual machines The Point of operation on manual machines does not require safeguardingdoes not require safeguardingsemiautomatic do require it, because a tool semiautomatic do require it, because a tool trapping space is createdtrapping space is createdall cutting turning machines must have a all cutting turning machines must have a chip shield; chip shield; roro prevent prevent swarfswarf from being from being thrown at the operator or causing a hazard thrown at the operator or causing a hazard in the work areain the work areaalso require operator protection from also require operator protection from rotating chucksrotating chucks
9393
ShieldsShields
Do not replace PPEDo not replace PPEcancan’’t create hazard such as pinch t create hazard such as pinch points,sharp edges, or fire hazardspoints,sharp edges, or fire hazards
9595
Spring Loaded Chuck WrenchSpring Loaded Chuck Wrench
To prevent chuck wrench from being left in To prevent chuck wrench from being left in the chuckthe chuckeven more important with machines with even more important with machines with large chuckslarge chucks
105105
Safeguarding GrindersSafeguarding Grinders
OSHA 1910.215 Abrasive Wheel OSHA 1910.215 Abrasive Wheel MachineryMachinery
OSHA 1910.94 VentilationOSHA 1910.94 Ventilation
106106
Safeguarding for Grinding Safeguarding for Grinding Machines Machines
as as Referenced in the ANSI B11.9 Referenced in the ANSI B11.9
Series StandardsSeries Standards
109109
Ring Test–Visual Inspection–Dry & Free from Dust–Tap with Nonmetallic Tool–Clear Ring Tone
XX XX
45Þ45Þ 45Þ45Þ
FloorFloor
112112
Saws covered by B11.10Saws covered by B11.10
Horizontal cutoff band sawsHorizontal cutoff band sawsVertical CutoffVertical CutoffVertical ContourVertical ContourCircular BladeCircular BladeHacksawsHacksaws
113113
Safeguarding Point of OperationSafeguarding Point of Operation
GuardGuard-- covers that portion of the blade that covers that portion of the blade that is not involved in the cuttingis not involved in the cuttingBarrierBarrier-- restricts accidental entry into the restricts accidental entry into the areaareaAwareness DeviceAwareness Device-- warns operator that he warns operator that he has or is about to enter areahas or is about to enter areaDeviceDevice-- barrier other than a guard designed barrier other than a guard designed to minimize unintentional entryto minimize unintentional entry
115115
Roll Roll -- Forming and Forming and Roll Roll -- Bending Machines Bending Machines
Safety Requirements for Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and UseConstruction, Care, and Use
118118
Pipe, Tube, and Shape Pipe, Tube, and Shape Bending MachinesBending Machines
Safety Requirements for Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and UseConstruction, Care, and Use
121121
SafeguardingSafeguarding-- ANSI B11.19ANSI B11.19
When referenced by other B11 machine tool When referenced by other B11 machine tool standardsstandards
122122
Safety Mat DeviceSafety Mat Device
Must detect and respond to the presence or Must detect and respond to the presence or absence of the operator or othersabsence of the operator or othersshould be large enough to prevent entryshould be large enough to prevent entry
125125
AwarenessAwareness
Devices or Signals to warn operator or Devices or Signals to warn operator or others of present or approaching hazardothers of present or approaching hazard–– instructioninstruction–– trainingtraining–– signssigns
126126
Safe openingSafe opening
Limits access to hazard by size of opening Limits access to hazard by size of opening or by closing off access when piece is in or by closing off access when piece is in placeplace
127127
Safe position of controlsSafe position of controls
Operator must be at controls stations which Operator must be at controls stations which is anchored at a sufficient distance so that is anchored at a sufficient distance so that he/she cannot reach the hazard area during he/she cannot reach the hazard area during the hazardous portion of the machine cycle the hazardous portion of the machine cycle or until hazardous motion has ceasedor until hazardous motion has ceased
128128
Safe holdingSafe holding
Piece restricts operator and others from Piece restricts operator and others from entering hazard areaentering hazard areasize, shape, weight of piece requires size, shape, weight of piece requires operator to support it with both handsoperator to support it with both handsmay require supplemental safeguarding for may require supplemental safeguarding for protection of operator or others in areaprotection of operator or others in area
129129
Safe Control PositionSafe Control Position
Safe holdingSafe holdingsafe openingsafe openingsafe distancesafe distanceNeed training and supervision to prevent Need training and supervision to prevent tendency of operators to circumvent these tendency of operators to circumvent these measuresmeasures
131131
Hand ToolsHand Tools
Must not shatter if caught in tooling as Must not shatter if caught in tooling as machine cyclesmachine cyclessufficient in length and shape to keep hands sufficient in length and shape to keep hands outside of hazardoutside of hazardof ergonomic design to minimize stress on of ergonomic design to minimize stress on bodybody
132132
Employers must:Employers must:
Ensure that employees know meanings of Ensure that employees know meanings of signs, tags and color codessigns, tags and color codesbe aware of language differences and color be aware of language differences and color blindnessblindnessuse international symbols and pictograms use international symbols and pictograms where possiblewhere possible
134134
Riveter and Spot welder Riveter and Spot welder safeguardingsafeguarding
Mechanically senses obstructions, such as a Mechanically senses obstructions, such as a fingerfingerprobe must be shaped for each probe must be shaped for each piecepartpiecepartconfigurationconfigurationsparks from weldersparks from welder
136136
Safeguarding PrecautionsSafeguarding Precautions
When selecting safeguarding means for any When selecting safeguarding means for any machine the following should be considered:machine the following should be considered:–– Complete a risk assessmentComplete a risk assessment–– Completely review the appropriate OSHA Completely review the appropriate OSHA
regulation and ANSI standard as they applyregulation and ANSI standard as they apply–– Consider all production requirementsConsider all production requirements–– If the hazard exists it must be abatedIf the hazard exists it must be abated
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