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Steven Naranjo, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ Peter Ellsworth, Univ. AZ, Maricopa, AZ
Impact of Lygus spp. on damage, yield and quality of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a
potential new oil-seed crop
Lesquerella - Physaria fendleri • Family Brassicaceae • Perennial, native to North
America • Physaria fendleri native to
southwestern US and cultivated as an annual Oct through May
• Seeds contain industrially-valuable hydroxy fatty acids
• Commercial production pending
Native P. fendleri Range
The Lesquerella Plant
Silique (seed pod)
Seed
Replum
Trichome
Open pollinated Flower w/ anthers & stigma
Plant with inflorescences
Products from Lesquerella
Other New Crops Guayule Source of hypoallergenic latex and domestic rubber
Camelina Biofuel feedstock and source of omega3 fatty acids
Vernonia Source of epoxy fatty acids
Lygus feed on variety of new crops
Naranjo and Stefanek, Indus. Crop Prod. 2012
Lygus preferentially feed on reproductive tissues
Naranjo and Stefanek, Indus. Crop Prod. 2012
Lesquerella is a suitable host
Naranjo, unpublished
Lesquerella is a potential source crop for natural enemies
Spiders
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
200420052006
Predatory Beetles
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Num
bers
per
5 s
wee
ps
Naranjo, unpublished
Predatory Bugs
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun
Num
bers
per
5 s
wee
ps
0
20
40
60
80
100
200420052006
Col 1 vs Beetles
Col 14 vs Beetle05
Hymenoptera
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lesquerella is a potential source crop for natural enemies
Naranjo, unpublished
Lesquerella is a breeding site for Lygus
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lygus spp. 2006
1 Mar 21 Mar 10 Apr 30 Apr 20 May 9 Jun
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Num
bers
per
5 s
wee
ps
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
AdultsNymphs
Lygus spp. 2004 Lygus spp. 2005
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Evaluation of Lygus impact on lesquerella
• Field studies conducted in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009 • Plots 150 m2 (2005); 300 m2 (2006, 2007, 2009) • Lygus spp. density manipulated by insecticides
applied at – Varying nominal thresholds (e.g. 0.5, 2, 4, 8 per
sweep – 2005, 2006) – Weekly, bi-weekly or tri-weekly intervals (2007,
2009) – Early, late and total season control in 2009
• Bi-weekly plant damage assessment • Yield and quality assessment
Lygus damage to lesquerella B A
D C
Variable pest density by treatment
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Lygus species composition
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
L. hesperus
L. elisus
L. lineolaris
Nymphs associated with damage
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Variable impact of Lygus on lesquerella yield
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Nymphs Adults
Variable impact of Lygus on lesquerella seed quality
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Nymphs Adults
Timing of damage not important
Naranjo, Ellsworth & Dierig, J. Econ. Entomol. 2011
Nymphs Adults
All regressions NS
Seasonal cycle of Lygus spp.
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Weeds Alfalfa
Vegetables
Cotton
Vegetables
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Seasonal cycle of Lygus spp.
Lesquerella
Weeds Alfalfa
Cotton
Guayule
Vegetables Vegetables
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
Vernonia Camelina
Summary/Conclusions • Lygus hesperus readily feeds on lesquerella and
prefers the flowering structures; development is fast and mortality is low.
• Lesquerella harbors significant breeding populations of Lygus spp. (and natural enemies).
• Lygus spp. effects on lesquerella were inconsistent – Nymphs were primarily associated with plant damage
and with resulting effects on yield/quality
– Yield/quality effects observed in association with agronomic issues; plant compensation to damage?
• Lesquerella could significantly influence regional pest and natural enemy dynamics in all affected crops
USDA-ARS Arizona Pest Mgt. Center USDA-CSREES, RAMP YULEX
Thanks to
Kim Beimfohr Becci Burke Gail Dahlquist Jessica da Costa David Dierig Emilie Latxague Jose Partida Letticia Redarte Anna Sonoqui Melissa Stefanek Julianne Trejo
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