View
34
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Lucrari recente la IRASM pentru conservarea patrimoniului cultural prin
tratament cu radiatii ionizante
Valentin Moise, Daniel Negut, Mihaela Ene, Mihaela Cozac, Ioana Stanculescu, Bogdan Lungu, Silvana Vasilca
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH)vmoise@nipne.ro
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
PAPER
WOOD
TEXTILES
FILM, PHOTO
LEATHER
DE CE?
CUM?-Radiatii ionizante
-Iradiator
-Beneficii vs side effects
-Proiecte CDI
PENTRU CINE?
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
WOOD- FURNITURE- ICONS-ARCHEOLOGICAL WOOD
WOODWORMS
FUNGI
Detail of an Icon with heavy woodworms attack“Braila” Museum, Romania (2009)
Archeological wood attacked by fungi Pavement of a street in Old City, Bucharest (2015)
PAPER- BOOKS- ARCHIVES-WALLPAPER- Photography, Lithography
FUNGI
WOODWORMS / INSECTS
BACTERIAWallpaper from “Aman” MuseumBucharest City Museums (2010)
Documents from ”Sahia Film“ archiveBucharest, Romania (2016)
LEATHER, TEXTILES,COMPLEX COLLECTIONS- book covers- clothing, garments
FUNGI
INSECTS
WOODWORMS
BACTERIA Leather book coversParliament of Romania
Leather cover – (sec. XVII)Private collection, Romania
Clothing “Moldova” Museum, Iasi, Romania
FILM, PHOTOs, MAGNETIC TAPE
FUNGI
BACTERIA
Film from National Film Archive, Romania Fotography from Bucharest National Theater
RADIATII IONIZANTE
Doza absorbita = Energia absorbita in unitatea de masa[D]SI=1 Gray (Gy) = 1 Joule / 1 Kg
E-beam
Energy
Frecvency
VIS X-ray
Gamma
RADIO IR UV
10keVCo60
10pm 10nm380nm700nm
1,25 MeV
400THz300GHz1kHz
Wavelength
Cs137 10MeV
MATERIALUL IRADIAT
NU DEVINE RADIOACTIV!
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
Iradiatorul Multiscop IRASM
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
Eficacitate
Eficienta
Fotonii de inalta energie penetreaza orice material,
indiferent de grosime si forma geometrica
Efectul biocid poate fi cuantificat prin metode statistice
(Doza letala50, D10)
Pot fi tratate cantitati foarte mari, cu costuri scazute
TRATAMENT CU RADIATII GAMMA
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
Stabilirea dozei de iradiere:• doza minima –pentru efectul biocid• doza maxima –pentru a evita efectele distructive
BIOCIDAL EFFECT SIDE EFFECTS
Num
ber o
f sur
vivo
rsDose
Phys
ical
pro
pert
ies
Dose
Irradiation geometry:
IRADIERE GAMMA
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
Beneficii vs side effectsTratament Beneficii Side effectsDezinsectie • Atacul activ este oprit si
nu s-a constatat reaparitia insectelor (> 1000 obiecte tratate)
• Nu exista efecte distructive la lemn
• Nu sunt degradati pigmentii• Modificari indiscernabile la lana
(date nepublicate)
Dezinfectie • Atacul activ este oprit iar contaminarea microbiana este redusa la un nivel care nu pune in pericon sanatatea
• Scaderea gradului de polimerizare al celulozei, in cazul hartiei si tesaturilor din fibre celulozice (nu se reflecta in modificari macroscopice).
• Modificari indiscernabile ale structurii colagenului din piele (date nepublicate)
CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului
Efficacy of insect disinfestation:- No recurrence of insect infestation after the years
Examples:
Iconostasis from two churches highly attacked by woodworms (2002, 2005 – revisited in 2015)
“Aman” Museum wooden inventory (furniture, flooring, wainscoting, exhibits) with extensive woodworms attack. (2010 - revisited in 2015)
Carpets from “Mogoșoaia Palace” Musem (2015)
International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria
1. bioburden testing before and after the treatment (Moise et al, 2012)(destructive, time consuming, costly, disregards “non-cultivable” microorganisms)
2. Testing the surface contamination before and after treatment (Moise et al, 2017)(recovers only a part of the total bioburden, disregards “non-cultivable” microorganisms)
3. Identification of main contaminants and estimation of treatment efficacy based on their radiation resistance (needs fungi database – in progress)
International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria
Efficacy of fungi disinfection:
Treatment Dose (kGy) No of Log reduction
„Royal patents” Collection (Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks, 2016) ~ 4 tons of documents
5.0 3
Treatment Dose (kGy)No of Log reduction
„Oficial Journal Collection” (Romanian Parliament Archives, 2014) ~ 4 tons of documents
Average: 6.6 > 3
„Museum inventory” (Bucharest National Theater, 2015) ~ 6 tons of documents, stage props, photos, etc
Minimum: 6.7
Maximum: 9.0
3
„Sahia Film Archive” (Romanian Ministry of Culture, 2016) ~ 3 tons of documents
Average: 6.8 5
Surface contamination:
Bioburden:
Side effects: Cellulose radiolytic degradation
scissiong, e-
Charlesby, 1955: “random scission”
Bouchard et al, 2006: “the molecule cannot be cleaved precisely at the bombardment site”
International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria
Experiments on paper:• Significant decrease of cellulose DP at low doses: 50-60% down for paper
irradiated at 10 kGy (Calvini and Santucci 1978, Adamo et al, 1998, Area et al, 2014)• No significant changes for macroscopic properties of paper: mechanical strength,
color, pH (Calvini and Santucci 1978, Adamo et al, 1998, Moise et al 2012)• Paper with very low DP (comparable with DP of cellulose in paper naturally aged,
3-400 years old) is less sensitive to irradiation than new paper (Bicchieri et al, 2016)
Reduction of size of cellulose molecules (decrease of DP – degree of polymerization)is associated with “ageing” of cellulose
Natural ageing degradation of cellulose is attributed to acidic hydrolysis process
In natural fibers, cellulose is packed (by hydrogen bonds) in a specific manner: micro-fibrils (supramolecular structures) and fibrils.
International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria
The significant decrease of cellulose DP due to radiation treatment is not reflected in macroscopic properties of paper.
Possible explanation: acidic hydrolysis advances from the exterior of the cellulosestructural units (fibrils, micro-fibrilis) and progressively destroy the hydrogen bondsstructure, while ionizing radiation acts in entire volume of structural units andpreserves the hydrogen bonds structure [Moise et al, 2014]
Side effects: Cellulose radiolytic degradation
Risk assessment - Help for decision for an intervention *
International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria
1. Initial risk assessment for paper documents under heavy biological attack:
No Hazard
P S IP Initial risk
Actions*)Probability1-unlikely2-seldom3-likely
Severity1-negligible2-moderate3-critical
Priority
index
PxS
1 - 3 low
4 - 6 medium
7 - 9 high1 Total loss of physical integrity of documents
and/or total loss of written information2 3 6
HIGHRadiation treatment2 Documents are nor accessible due to health
hazard3 3 9
No Hazard P S IP Residual risk1 Total loss of physical integrity of documents
and/or total loss of written information 1 3 3
LOW2 Documents are nor accessible due to healthhazard 2 1 2
3 Side effects of the radiation treatment 2 2 4
2. Residual risk assessment after treatment:
*Moise et al, Radiation processing for cultural heritage preservation – Romanian experience,NUKLEONIKA 2017; 62(4):253-260
17
Proiecte finalizate in 2016:Departament IRASM
ET-COG PNII Capacităţi Modul III IFA-CEA (2012-2016) - Educatie si formare profesionala in domeniulconservarii patrimoniului cultural prin iradiere gammaPartener CEA: ARC Nucleart, Grenoble
TEXLECONS PNII PCCA Tip 1 (2012-2016) -Imbunatatirea calitatii mediului de lucru indepozitele de patrimoniu cultural. Validareatratamentului bunurilor culturale textile si din pielecu radiatii gamma.Parteneri: INCD PM AlexandruDarabont, INCD Textile siPielarie (ICPI) CNM Moldova
Director proiect: Dr. Ioana Stanculescu, IFIN-HH
18
Departament IRASM
Program Nucleu 2016-2017
PN 16420302 “Structurarea Centrului pentru Studiul si Conservarea Patrimoniului Cultural" (inter-departamental)-Obiectiv 3 (IFIN-HH - laborator nuclear national)-Director proiect: L. Trache
Colaborari internationale:IAEA CRP F23032 -Developing Radiation Treatment Methodologies and New Resin Formulations for Consolidation And Preservation of Archived Materials and Cultural Heritage Artefacts (D. Negut)
5 Articole
12 Conferinte
Echipament portabil:•Raman•XRF/Raman
NUTECO - ctr. IFA-CEA C5-11/2016: Tehnici nucleare pentru conservarea obiectelor de patrimoniu din lemn. Director Proiect: Ioana Stanculescu
Laureat concurs IFA-CEA ed. I, 2016Jilt arhieresc M-rea Putna
- Cercetari privind consolidarea lemnului foarte degradat prin impregnare cu rasini si reticulare cu radiatii- Organizare Concurs IFA-CEA(IFIN-HH – ARC-Nucleart) , ediția a II-a, 2017: "Împreună salvăm patrimoniu cultural românesc“
PN III – P2 BG Contract 125BG/2016 MaMoA“Marcarea moleculară a operelor de artă””; 2016 – 2018Coordonator: Univesrsitatea din BucurestiResponsabil IFIN_HH: Daniel Negut
…. metodă de marcare a operelor de artă folosind diferite combinaţii de specii paramagnetice stabile astfel încât aceste artefacte să poată fi urmărite pe piaţa de artă şi să facă falsificarea lor aproape imposibilă. O astfel de metodă ar reduce foarte mult costurile implicate în analizele fizico-chimice necesare în cazul în care o operă de artă nu are un lanţ continuu de cumpărări-vânzări şi reapare pe piaţă, astfel încât autenticitatea ei este îndoielnică
20
Departament IRASM
Program Nucleu 2018 - …PN 16420302 “Metode si tehnici avansate de caracterizare a materialelor si studiul efectelor tratamentului cu radiatii ionizante pentru aplicatii ale iradierilor tehnologice si experimente de fizica nucleara" Obiectiv 2 (“Studii interdisciplinare competitive de cercetare aplicativa si inginerie nucleara cu relevanta pentru mediul economic si social”)
Faza 3: 3. Studii de caracterizare fizico-chimica ... patrimoniului cltural:- combinarea tehnicilor clasice de retaurare cu tratamente cu radiatii ionizante … cinetica de biodegradare a … aplicare in situ a tehnicilor de caracterizare … Studii de caz … sisteme dozimetrice … amprentare elementala si izotopica
2019: …Studiul efectelor tratamentului cu radiatii ionizante pe suporturi moderne de stocare a informatiei. Stabilirea conditiilor de prelevare si analiza pentru colectii complexe si/sau din materiale compozite. Experimentarea tehnicilor de prelevare si/sau analiza in situ. Studii de caz de caracterizare fizico-chimica si microbiologica ante- si post iradiere.
2020: … Validarea metodelor de investigare si a tehnicilor de prelevare in situ. Validarea metodelor de investigare si prelucrare a probelor in laborator. Studiul influentei factorilor de contaminare externa si al tratamentelor de conservare/restaurare asupra rezultatelor determinarilor de caracterizare a artefactelor pentru aplicarea tehnicilor nucleare in studiul si conservarea patrimoniului cultural.
IRASM Radiation Processing Center
Laboratory Investigations
for Cultural Heritage
Conservation Treatment
(Licenses from Ministry of
Culture)
Cultural Heritage Irradiation
2016 Qty
Ministry of Culture – Sahia Film 20m3
State Office for Patents 20 m3
STAR STORAGE SRL 300 m3(~40t)
AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION SRL 10 m3
2015 QtyNational History Museum 10m
3
Bucharest National Theater 50m3
Manastirea Dealu 10m3
AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION 30 m3
Archives, books
(4 accredited experts)
2017 Qty
Ministry of Culture – Sahia Film 60m3
“Vasile Parvan” Archeology Institute
2 m3
AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION SRL 10 m3
Textiles, wood, paintings
IRASM – Gamma irradiation for Cultural Heritage
Regional Meeting for Decision Makers on the Feasibility of Radiation Processing Technologies in Zagreb, Croatia, 23 - 25 October 2017
IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials Processing
Nuclear Science Preserves Arthttps://www.iaea.org/newscenter/multimedia/videos/nuclear-science-preserves-art
https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/iaea-impact-protecting-romanias-cultural-heritage-using-nuclear-technology
IAEA Bulletin - 2015
Church Iconostasis (2002, 2005)
IRASM – Gamma irradiation for Cultural Heritage
Regional Meeting for Decision Makers on the Feasibility of Radiation Processing Technologies in Zagreb, Croatia, 23 - 25 October 2017
IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials ProcessingPaintings (Armenian Church, 2016) Religious cloths (Putna Monastery, 2016) Official Journal collection
(Parliament of Romania,2014)Museum Collection (Bucharest National Theather. 2015)
IRASM – Gamma irradiation for Cultural Heritage
2016: Irradiation of 350m3 of archives (~45 tons); wood furniture, icons), complex collections (textiles, leather): ~ 13 m3,
Regional Meeting for Decision Makers on the Feasibility of Radiation Processing Technologies in Zagreb, Croatia, 23 - 25 October 2017
IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials Processing
Documents from ”Sahia Film“ archiveBucharest, Romania (2016)
“Royal patents”, State Office for Inventions Bucharest, Romania (2016)
“Science saves culture”
Recommended