Lte technical overview

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LTE Technical Overview

LTE: TECHNOLOGY, BUSINESS AND COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPETHE PARK LANE HOTEL – JAKARTA, SEPTEMBER 29-30, 2010

DR. IR. JOKO SURYANA

LTE Basic Technology

LTE Fundamental : Key Parameters

3LTE Technical Overview 3

LTE Fundamental : Technologies

4LTE Technical Overview 4

• OFDM is a Multi Carrier Modulation

• Symbols at rate R are serial to parallel converted to N parallel streams

• Each stream is at rate R/N

• Symbol duration per stream increased N times

• Bandwidth per stream reduced N times

• Each stream modulates one of N orthogonal carriers

• Implemented easily with IFFT / FFT

LTE Fundamental : OFDM

LTE Technical Overview 5

LTE Fundamental : OFDM

LTE Technical Overview 6

Advantages :

• Resistant to Multipath fading

• Requires simple frequency domain equalization

• Resistant to narrow band interference

• Easy to implement with IFFT / FFT

• Flexibility for adaptive loading (seen later)

• Suitable for Space-Time and Space-Frequency antenna processing

LTE Fundamental : OFDM

LTE Technical Overview 7

• Symbols X0 to XN-1 modulate N orthogonal Carriers

• Performed with IFFT

21

0

1knN j

Nn k

k

x X eN

x

+

0je

Ser

ial t

o P

aral

lel

x

x

1je

1Nje

IFFT

Add

Guard

guard

X0

XN-1

X0 XN-1

xnTs

NTs

LTE Fundamental : OFDM Modulation

LTE Technical Overview 8

• After IFFT, a guard band (cyclic prefix) is added at the beginning

• Guard band duration must be > channel maximum delay

• Guard band prevents Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) due to multipath

Add guard

After IFFT

OFDM Symbol

Tg To

LTE Fundamental : Cyclic Prefix

LTE Technical Overview 9

LTE Fundamental : Cyclic Prefix

LTE Technical Overview 10

LTE Fundamental : Cyclic Prefix

LTE Technical Overview 11

LTE Fundamental : Multipath

LTE Technical Overview 12

LTE Fundamental : ISI in OFDM

LTE Technical Overview 13

General OFDM Modulation and Demodulation

Symbol

Mapping S/P

IFF

T

P/S Add

Guard

bits

PSK or QAM

RF

RFRemove

Guard S/P

FF

T

P/S

Frequency

Domain

Equalizer

Symbol

De-

Mapping

bits

PSK or QAM

frequency

LTE Fundamental : OFDM Modem

LTE Technical Overview 14

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 15

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 16

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 17

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 18

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 19

LTE Fundamental : OFDMA

LTE Technical Overview 20

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 21

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 22

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 23

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 24

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 25

LTE Fundamental : SC-FDMA

LTE Technical Overview 26

LTE Fundamental : MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 27

LTE Fundamental : MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 28

LTE Fundamental : MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 29

LTE Fundamental : Spatial Multiplexing

LTE Technical Overview 30

LTE Fundamental : Precoding

LTE Technical Overview 31

LTE Fundamental : SU-MIMO & MU-MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 32

LTE Fundamental : AAS

LTE Technical Overview 33

LTE Fundamental : AAS

LTE Technical Overview 34

LTE Fundamental : MIMO Beamforming

LTE Technical Overview 35

LTE Fundamental : BW Scalability

LTE Technical Overview 36

LTE Fundamental : BW Scalability

LTE Technical Overview 37

LTE Fundamental : Core bands

LTE Technical Overview 38

LTE Fundamental : Building Penetration vs Band

LTE Technical Overview 39

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 40

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 41

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 42

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 43

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 44

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 45

LTE Fundamental : Frame Structure

LTE Technical Overview 46

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 47

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 48

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 49

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 50

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 51

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 52

LTE Fundamental : NW Architecture

LTE Technical Overview 53

LTE Fundamental : LTE/SAE Key Features

LTE Technical Overview 54

LTE Fundamental : LTE/SAE Key Features

LTE Technical Overview 55

LTE Fundamental : LTE/SAE Key Features

LTE Technical Overview 56

LTE Fundamental : LTE/SAE Key Features

LTE Technical Overview 57

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 58

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 59

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 60

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 61

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 62

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 63

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 64

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 65

LTE Fundamental : Network Element

LTE Technical Overview 66

LTE Fundamental : Interworking

LTE Technical Overview 67

LTE and LTE-Advanced Standards

Contents

• 3GPP TSG-RAN standardisation activities

• LTE Release 8&9 overviews

• LTE Release 10 (LTE-Advanced)

– Motivation

– Key requirements

– Key features

– Performance evaluations

LTE Technical Overview 69

3GPP TSG-RANStandardisation Activities

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Release 99

Release 4

Release 5

Release 6

1.28Mcps TDD

HSDPA

W-CDMA

HSUPA, MBMS

2006 2007 2008 2009

Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)

Release 8

2010 2011

LTE

Release 9

Release 10

Minor LTE enhancements

2012 2013

Release 11

ITU-R M.1457IMT-2000 Recommendation

LTE-AdvancedITU-R M.[IMT.RSPEC]IMT-Advanced Recommendation

Releases of 3GPP Specifications

Approved at ITU-R WP5D meeting in Oct. 2010 as a IMT-

Advanced technology

LTE Technical Overview 71

Technology Evolution path in 3GPP Standards

Release 99 Release 4 Release 5 Release 6 Release 7 Release 8 Release 9 Release 10

HSDPA HSUPAWCDMA HSPA+

LTE

25 series

36 series LTE-A

LTE Technical Overview 72

LTE and HSPA Evolutions

3GPP Release #

Pe

ak T

hro

ugh

pu

t (b

ps)

Release 5 Release 6 Release 7 Release 8 Release 9 Release 10 Release 11

10 M

100 M

1 G

10 G

14 Mbps

21-28 Mbps42 Mbps

84 Mbps

168 Mbps

336 Mbps?

64QAM or 2x2 MIMO

64QAM,2x2 MIMOorDual cell(10 MHz BW)

2x2 MIMO,Dual cell(10 MHz BW)

2x2 MIMO,4 carrier(20 MHz BW)

2x2 MIMO,8 carrier(40 MHz BW)

300 Mbps

64QAM, 4x4 MIMO, 20MHz BW

3 Gbps

64QAM, 8x8 MIMO, 100MHz BW

HSPA evolution

LTE evolution

LTE Technical Overview 73

LTE Current Status

LTE Technical Overview 74

LTE Release 8 & 9

LTE Release 8 Key Features

• High spectral efficiency– OFDM in Downlink

• Robust against multipath interference

• High affinity to advanced techniques

– Frequency domain channel-dependent scheduling

– MIMO

– DFTS-OFDM(“Single-Carrier FDMA”) in Uplink• Low PAPR• User orthogonality in

frequency domain

– Multi-antenna application

• Very low latency– Short setup time & Short

transfer delay– Short HO latency and

interruption time• Short TTI• RRC procedure• Simple RRC states

• Support of variable bandwidth– 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz

LTE Technical Overview 76

Rel-9 LTE features• Small enhancements from LTE Release 8 mainly for higher layer

– HeNB (Home eNode B)• HeNB Access Mode

– Rel-8: Closed Access Mode– Rel-9: Open and Hybrid Mode

• HeNB Mobility between HeNB and macro– Rel-8: Out-bound HO– Rel-9: in-bound and inter-CSG HO

– SON (self-organizing networks)• Rel-8: Self configuration, Basic self-optimization• Rel-9: RACH optimization, etc

– MBMS• Rel-8: Radio physical layer specs• Rel-9: Radio higher layer and NW interface specs

– LCS (Location Services)• Rel-8: U-Plane solutions• Rel-9: C-Plane solutions, e.g. OTDOA

LTE Technical Overview 77

Summary 3GPP LTERelease 8 / Release 9

A new radio interface specified in Release 8 and enhanced in Release 9

Provides:

• Broadband data throughput:

• Downlink target 3-4 times greater than HSDPA Release 6

• Uplink target 2-3 times greater than HSUPA Release 6

Significantly reduced latency

High mobility

The basis for 17 commercial launches (as at 12 Jan)

64 commercial launches expected by end of 2012

125 operators publicly committed to launch

LTE set to be the mobile broadband technology

78LTE Technical Overview 78

LTE Release 10(LTE-Advanced)

LTE Advanced : Background

LTE Technical Overview 80

Motivation of LTE-Advanced

• IMT-Advanced standardisation process in ITU-R

• Additional IMT spectrum band identified in WRC07

• Further evolution of LTE Release 8 and 9 to meet:

– Requirements for IMT-Advanced of ITU-R

– Future operator and end-user requirements

LTE Technical Overview 81

Key Requirements for LTE-Advanced• LTE-Advanced shall be deployed as an

evolution of LTE Release 8 and on new bands. • LTE-Advanced shall be backwards compatible

with LTE Release 8 Smooth and flexible system migration from

Rel-8 LTE to LTE-Advanced

LTE Rel-8 cell

LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal

LTE-Advanced cell

LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal

LTE-Advanced backward compatibility with LTE Rel-8

An LTE-Advanced terminal can work in an LTE Rel-8 cell

An LTE Rel-8 terminal can work in an LTE-Advanced cell

LTE-Advanced(LTE Release 10)

LTE Release 8

LTE-Advanced contains all features of LTE Rel-8&9 and additional features for further evolution

LTE Release 9

LTE-Advanced evolved

from LTE Rel-8

LTE Technical Overview 82

Target performance of LTE-Advanced

Cell edge user

throughput

[bps/Hz/cell/user]

DL 2-by-2 0.05 0.07 –

4-by-2 0.06 0.09 0.06

4-by-4 0.08 0.12 –

UL 1-by-2 0.024 0.04 –

2-by-4 – 0.07 0.03

Antenna configuration

Rel. 8 LTE*1 LTE-Advanced*2 IMT-Advanced*3

Average

spectrum

efficiency

[bps/Hz/cell]

DL 2-by-2 1.69 2.4 –

4-by-2 1.87 2.6 2.2

4-by-4 2.67 3.7 –

UL 1-by-2 0.74 1.2 –

2-by-4 – 2.0 1.4x 1.4-1.7

*1 See TR25.912(Case 1 scenario) *2 See TR36.913(Case 1 scenario)*3 See ITU-R M.2135(Base Coverage Urban scenario)

Rel. 8 LTE LTE-Advanced IMT-Advanced

Peak data rate

DL 300 Mbps 1 Gbps1 Gbps(*)

UL 75 Mbps 500 Mbps

Peak spectrum efficiency

[bps/Hz]

DL 15 30 15

UL 3.75 15 6.75

LTE Technical Overview 83

Key Features in LTE Release 10

LTE Technical Overview 84

Key Features in LTE Release 10

LTE Technical Overview 85

Key Features in LTE Release 10 Support of Wider Bandwidth(Carrier Aggregation)

• Use of multiple component carriers(CC) to extend bandwidth up to 100 MHz• Common physical layer parameters between component carrier and LTE Rel-8 carrier Improvement of peak data rate, backward compatibility with LTE Rel-8

Advanced MIMO techniques• Extension to up to 8-layer transmission in downlink• Introduction of single-user MIMO up to 4-layer transmission in uplink• Enhancements of multi-user MIMO Improvement of peak data rate and capacity

Heterogeneous network and eICIC(enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination)

• Interference coordination for overlaid deployment of cells with different Tx power Improvement of cell-edge throughput and coverage

Relay• Type 1 relay supports radio backhaul and creates a separate cell and appear as Rel. 8 LTE eNB to

Rel. 8 LTE UEs Improvement of coverage and flexibility of service area extension

Coordinated Multi-Point transmission and reception (CoMP)• Support of multi-cell transmission and reception Improvement of cell-edge throughput and coverage

100 MHz

f

CC

LTE Technical Overview 86

Carrier and Spectrum Aggregation

LTE Technical Overview 87

BW Extention

LTE Technical Overview 88

Enhanced Multiantenna Techniques

LTE Technical Overview 89

Uplink MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 90

Downlink MIMO

LTE Technical Overview 91

Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Transmission and Reception

LTE Technical Overview 92

CoMP Techniques

LTE Technical Overview 93

System level CoMP Joint Processing : A simple example

LTE Technical Overview 94

Relaying

LTE Technical Overview 95

Relaying

LTE Technical Overview 96

LTE-Advanced Performance Highlights

LTE Technical Overview 97

LTE-Advanced Performance Highlights

LTE Technical Overview 98

3GPP LTE-Advanced Self-Evaluation• The self-evaluation results shows:

– For LTE Release 10, FDD RIT and TDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test environments, individually.

– Baseline configuration exceeding ITU-R requirements with minimum extension• LTE release 8 fulfills the requirements in most cases (no extensions needed)• Extensions to Multi-user MIMO from Release 8 fulfills the requirements in some

scenarios (Urban Macro/Micro DL)

Spectrum Efficiency: FDD DL, Indoor (InH)

4.8

6.1

4.1

5.5

6.6

4.5

01234567

Cell

avera

ge(b

ps/H

z/cell)

3.0

ITU-R requirement

Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4x2L=1,2,3

Rel-10 MU-MIMO 4x2L=1,2,3

LTE Technical Overview 99

LTE-Advanced Experiments in NTT DOCOMO

DOCOMO developed LTE-Advanced experimental system aligned with 3GPP LTE Release 10 specifications

◆ Laboratory experiments Total throughput of 1 Gbps for 2 Mobile stations in downlink was achieved by applying 4x2 multi-user MIMO technique

◆ Field experimentsThroughput of 600 Mbps in downlink and 200 Mbps in uplink was achieved by applying 2x2 single-user MIMO technique

Base station

Mobile station

◆ Field @ Yokosuka, Japan◆ Laboratory

LTE-Advanced key technologies, e.g., carrier aggregation and enhanced MIMO

Mobile station• Tx Power: 1 W/ant.• Antenna: 2 Tx/Rx• UL Bandwidth: 40 MHz

Base station• Tx power: 10 W/ant.• Antenna: 4 Tx/Rx • DL Bandwidth:

100 MHz

Hills

100 m 200 m 300 m 400 m

LTE Technical Overview

May 18, 2011 LTE World Summit 2011

Do

wn

link

Up

link

Pan

ora

ma

Vie

w

600Mbps

200Mbps

5 CCs2x2 SU-MIMO

2 CCs2x2 SU-MIMO

10 km/h

NTT DOCOMO Field Trial

LTE Technical Overview 101

Not a new technology as such, but a point of maturity along the LTE evolution

path. LTE Advanced provides:

Support for wider Bandwidth (Up to 100MHz)

Downlink transmission scheme

• Improvements to LTE by using 8x8 MIMO

• Data rates of 100Mb/s with high mobility and 1Gb/s with low mobility

Uplink transmission scheme

• Improvements to LTE

• Data rates up to 500Mb/s

Relay functionality

• Improving cell edge coverage

• More efficient coverage in rural areas

CoMP (coordinated multiple point transmission and reception)• Downlink coordinated multi-point transmission

• Uplink coordinated multi-point reception

Local IP Access (LIPA) & Enhanced HNB to allow traffic off-load

102

Summary LTE-AdvancedRelease 10

LTE Technical Overview 102

103LTE Technical Overview

Conclusions

• LTE Release 8– Specification completed and stable– Commercially deployed and committed to deploy by many

operators all over the world

• LTE Release 9– Small enhancements of LTE Release 8– Specification completed and stable

• LTE Release 10– Stage 3 frozen and stabilized– Accepted as a technology of IMT-Advanced by ITU-R WP5D– Materials and specifications submitted to ITU-R WP5D for

ITU-R recommendation M.[IMT.RSPEC]

LTE Technical Overview 104

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