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Low-Energy Interaction Models in CORSIKA
Dieter Heck, Ralph Engel
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
Giuseppe Battistoni, Alberto Fassò,
Alfredo Ferrari, Johannes Ranft, and Paola R. Sala
ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
Motivation and Outline
shower observables sensitive to both low- and high-energy hadronic interactions
FLUKA 2002 as alternative hadronic interaction model implemented
new correction patches available for GHEISHA (R.E. Cassell and G. Bower, SLAC)
comparison of model predictions to low-energy data
calculation of influence on EAS predictions
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
Comparison to low-energy p-Be data (1)
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
double-differential data integrated PLB
472 (2000) 113
uncertainties: inter- and extrapolation
GHEISHA: multiplicity too low
QGSJET: multiplicity too high
Comparison to low-energy p-Be data (2)
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
double-differential data integrated PLB
472 (2000) 113
uncertainties: inter- and extrapolation
very limited amount of data available
Comparison to low-energy p-C data
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
fully inclusive measurements
positive pions difficult to measure
energy below Feynman scaling region
Cross-check: p-N predictions
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
predictions similar to p-Be and p-C
QGSJET: higher multiplicity than FLUKA
GHEISHA: lower multiplicity than FLUKA
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
example: multiplicity of p-p interactions
default transition energy: Elab = 80 GeV
similar results for charged kaons
Transition: low- and high energy models
80 GeV
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton induced showers
significant change in baryon energy spectrum
strong model dependence of lateral distribution
EAS predictions: baryon distributions
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton- induced showers
very small changes in longitudinal profile
differences of same order as statistical fluctuations
EAS predictions: longitudinal shower profile
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba,
QGSJET: dependence on low-energy model and threshold
SIBYLL: dependence on threshold
difference between QGSJET and SIBYLL bigger than low-energy model dependence
EAS predictions: muon energy spectrum
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton showers
partial cancellation of low-energy model dependence
differences between high-energy models dominate
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
Integral muon energy spectrum
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton- induced showers
Eµ > 300 MeV
changes at small and large lateral distances
changes compatible with energy spectra
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
EAS predictions: muon lateral distribution
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton showers, E = 1019 eV
Eµ > 150 MeV Ee > 250 keV
drastic changes at large lateral distance
see also talk by H.J. Drescher
EAS predictions at Auger energies
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
vertical proton showers, E = 1019 eV
Eµ > 150 MeV Ee > 250 keV
drastic changes at large lateral distance
see also talk by H.J. Drescher
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
EAS predictions at Auger energies
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
Summary and outlook
significant differences between low-energy models
FLUKA gives best description of low-energy data
strong effect on hadronic distributions
no effect on longitudinal shower profiles
muonic observables sensitive to low-energy model:
change of muon energy spectrum
cancellation: small change of total muon number
drastic change of lateral distributions at high energy
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
References
D. Heck et al., Report FZKA 6019 (1998), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; http://www-ik.fzk.de/
A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala: FLUKA: Status and Prospective of Hadronic Applications, Proc. Monte Carlo 2000 Conf., Lisbon, Oct. 23-26, 2000, A. Kling et al. eds., Springer (Berlin) 955 (2001); http://www.fluka.org/
H. Fesefeldt, Report PITHA-85/02 (1985), RWTH Aachen
R.E. Cassell and G. Bower (SLAC), private communication (2002)
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
Kaon multiplicity in p-p interactions
GHEISHA: multiplicity too low
SIBYLL and neXus similar
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
GHEISHA: differences at large lateral distances
lateral distributions almost threshold independent
Pion and muon lateral distribution
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
dependence on low-energy model small
differences comparable to statistical error
Lateral distribution of electrons
R. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, JapaR. Engel, ICRC 2003, Tsukuba, Japan
strong dependence on model
strong dependence on threshold
Lateral distribution of neutrons
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