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Action COST ES1104 Drylands Restoration Hub – 5th Management Committee Meeting
Alejandro Valdecantos
Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies (CEAM)
Alicante, Spain
Low-cost techniques for drylands
restoration
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
RESTORATION OF SEMIARID DEGRADED LANDS
RESTORATION OF BURNED/FIRE PRONE
ECOSYSTEMS
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Stress
Ec
osys
tem
re
sp
on
se
de
gre
e o
f su
cce
ss
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Increase Runoff
(IM, DW)
Reduce Evaporation
(IM, DW, PM, SM)
Enhance Infiltration
(DW, SM)
• Exploring other sources of water: runoff and fog
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Control
Microcatchment (M)
Improved Microcatchment (IM)
Stone Mulch (SM)
PASSIVE TREATMENTS
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Dry well (DW)
(SM + IM +
preferential water
pathways)
25 cm
10-15 cm
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Watering (W)
Clay Pot (CP)
2.5 L
ACTIVE TREATMENTS
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Treatment
Control M IM
Co
llec
ted
ru
no
ff (
L)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
F=1.97
P=0.147
High intensity (7-8 mm h-1
)
Treatment
Control M IM
Y D
ata
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Low intensity (1-3 mm h-1
)
Treatment
Control M IM
Coll
ecte
d r
unoff
(L
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
F=7.07
P=0.003
F=6.50
P=0.005
Runoff production (events < 10 mm)
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
CREVILLENTE
Tratamiento
B R M MP MPI MM PS CA
Su
pe
rviv
en
cia
(%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
ALBATERA
Tratamiento
MP B MPI MM M PS R CA
Su
pe
rviv
en
cia
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
ALBATERA
Tratamiento
B M CA MP MPI MM R PS
Diá
me
tro (m
m)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
CREVILLENTE
Tratamiento
R B M MPI MP CA MM PS
Diá
me
tro
(m
m)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
aa
abcab abc
abcabc
de
bcd
cde
e
aaa
b
ab ab abab ab ab
ab
Active input of water
Runoff concentration
Promoted infiltration
Forcing runoff
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Changes in microclimatic conditions
0
10
20
30
40
50
15-8
20-8
25-8
30-8 4-
99-
914
-919
-924
-929
-94-
10
18-1
0
23-1
0
28-1
02-
117-
11
12-1
1
17-1
1
DateTª
(ºC)
Max Out
Max In
Min Out
Min In
20 cm depth
Date
1/4/2009
1/5/2009
1/6/2009
1/7/2009
1/8/2009
1/9/2009
1/10/2009
1/11/2009
So
il M
ois
ture
(v
/v)
0
5
10
15
20
25 Control
IM
10 cm depth
So
il M
ois
ture
(v
/v)
0
5
10
15
20
25 Control
IM
Pre
cip
itat
ion
(m
m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Día
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Hum
edad
vo
lum
étri
ca d
el s
uel
o (
%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40P
recipitació
n (m
m)
0
20
40
60
W-
W+
2010 2011 2012
And again one year later…
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Thanks!!
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Gre
en v
eget
atio
n a
bu
nd
ance
Unburned > 70% 70-50% 50-20%
1979 (pre-fire) 1980 2000
Vegetal cover dynamics according to local fire intensity
1991
LANDSAT images of the burned area (Ayora, E Spain)
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
POST-FIRE REHABILITATION/RESTORATION
• At the very short term: techniques to reduce erosion and soil redistribution
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
• At the very short term: techniques to reduce erosion and soil redistribution
S+M
M
S
% Plant cover
0
20
40
60
80
C
M
S
S+M
Feb-03May-03 Jan-04May-04
POST-FIRE REHABILITATION/RESTORATION
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
• At the medium term: promote diversity and resilience.
The challenge: coping with an increasing water stress
Pinus halepensis
Quercus coccifera
Quercus ilex ssp. ballota
Length of the maximum rainless period (days)
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20
Mo
rta
lity
rate
(%
)
100
80
60
40
20
0
(from Alloza & Vallejo, 1999)
R2 = 0.673
First year after planting
POST-FIRE REHABILITATION/RESTORATION
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
• At the medium-long term: promote diversity and resilience, and reduce fire hazard
POST-FIRE REHABILITATION/RESTORATION
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Experimental design Clearing / Plantation
Control plot
Clearing
Clearing and plantation
Plantation
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Clearing + Planting
Planting
Clearing
Control
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
TREATMENT
CLEARING MULCHING
Seedling Survival and Growth
+ / ++ +
Germination of fuel accumulating spp
--
Fire-prone Vegetation Cover
--
Fire Risk --
Ecosystem Resilience
++ +
Action COST ES1104 5th Management Committee Meeting – Timisoara 9-11 September 2014
CONCLUSIONS
Available ecological restoration technology allows for reintroducing native plants and recovery critical ecosystem functions for many fragile and degraded Mediterranean lands
Higher inputs are required for highly degraded ecosystems, higher stress conditions
…but
We need understanding the thresholds for cost-effective restoration, both in biophysical and socieconomic terms
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