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rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
jhgdq;fSf;fhd ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;G gw;wpa mwpKfk;
tpahghuj ;jpw ;fhd
mwpTrhu ; nrhj ;J
njhlu ;
ghu;itf;F Neu;j;jpahd
2,y
1
tpahghuj;jpw;fhd mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik njhlupy; ,J
,uz;lhtJ topfhl;bah Fk;. re;ijapy; xU nghUspd;
ntw;wpf;F mjd; tbtikg;G gpujhd fhuzp vd;gjid
,t;topfhl;b vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; gb ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;G vd;gJ mg;nghUspd; mofpay; my;yJ ntspj;
Njhw;wj;jpidNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J xU nghUSf;F
nkU$l;LtJld; thbf;ifahsiu trPfupj;J xU
nghUspdpd;W kw;iwaij njuptjw;F Vw;w gpujhd
fhuzpahfTk; mikfpd;wJ. xU jhg dk; kw;iwa jhgd
cw;gj;jpapdpd;W jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUis NtWgLj;jp
mtw;Wf;fhd gpujpikia Vw;gLj;jTk; ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;Gf;fs; cjT fpd;wd. vdNt jhd; jkJ tbtikg;
Gf;fis Kiwg;gb ghJfhj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
,t;topfhl;b rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju ifj;njhopy;
Kaw;rpahsUf;F (SMEs) ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G
gw;wpa xU mwpKfkhFk;. ,t; topfhl;bapy; ,g;ghJfhg;G
njhlu;gpy; tpdh tpil %yKk;> cjhuzq;fs; %yKk;
tpsf;f glj;JlDk; tpsf;fkspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nghJ jhgdq;fspd; mDruidAld; cs;@u; jhgdq;fspd;
cjtpNahL WIPO tplk; xU gpujpia ngw;W
,t;topfhl;bia tpUj;jpnra;J Njrpa uPjpay;
guRupf;fKbAk;.
KfTiu
ww
w.wipo.int/sme/
"tpahghuj;jpw;fhd Ez;zwpthsh; cilik" gpuRuq;fspd; njhlh;:
1. ,yf;fpid Vw;gLj;jy;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy; Kaw;rp
fSf;fhd tpahghur; rpd;dj;jpd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 900.
2. ghu;itf;F Neu;j;jpahd: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;
fhd ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 498.
3. vjph;fhyj;jpd; cUthf;fk;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpf
Sf;fhd fhg;Ghpikfspd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x gpuRu ,y: 917.
4. Mf;fj;jpwd; Njhw;wk;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpfS
f;fhd gjpg;Ghpikapd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 918
(vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ)
c.E.c.x. (WIPO) kpd; Gj;jfrhiyapy (e-bookshop)www.wipo.int/ebookshop ,y; rfy gpuRuq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;.
cyf Ez;zwpthsh; cilik xd;wpaj;jpd; (c.E.c.x) Kd;G njsptha; Fwpg;gpl;l
mDkjpAld; ,e;j gpuRukhdJ nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;L kPs; mspf;fg;gl;Lfpd;wJ>
gjpg;Ghpik chpikahshpd; %y Mq;fpy $w;whdJ www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/guides/ ,y; cs;sJ. vdNt> c.E>c.x. MdJ> nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;l
$w;wpd; gpuRuj;jpd; nrk;ik my;yJ jpUj;jj;jd;ikf;Fk; nghWg;ghspNah my;yJ
flikg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ> Vnddpy; nghWg;Ngh my;yJ flikNah ,yq;if
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jpahsh;fspNyNa (nray;jpl;l
rp.e.njh.K.m.) KOikahf jq;fpapUg;gjpdhyhFk;.
"rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jpahsh;fs; (nray;jpl;l rp.e.njh.
K.m.) (gjpg;Ghpik 2010)" c.E>c.x. MdJ (2006) %y Mq;fpy nkhop $w;wpd;
gjpg;Ghpikf;F chpikahspahf cs;sJ. ,g;gpuRuj;jpd; vg;gFjpapidahfpYk; vt;
tbtpYk; my;yJ vt;tpjj;jpYk;> gjpg;Ghpik chpikahshpd; vOj;J%y mDkjp
apd;wp kpd;dZ %yNkh my;yJ nghwptop %yNkh kPs; mspj;jNyh my;yJ
gug;GjNyh rl;lj;jhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lthwhf md;wp MfhJ.
gjpg;Giu chpikahshplkpUe;J vOj;J%y mDkjpapd;wp> ,g;gpuRuj;jpd; vg;gFjp
iaAk; rl;lj;jpdhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lthwd;wp kpd;dZ rhh;ghfNth my;yJ nghwp
KiwahfNth my;yJ vt;tifahfNth my;yJ vt;tbtkhfNth gjpg;Ghpik
ahshpd; vOj;J%y mDkjpapd;wp kPs; jahhpj;jy; MfhJ.
Nfhhpf;if iftply;: ,t;topfhl;bapy; mlq;fpAs;s jfty;> njhopy;rhh; rl;l
kjpAiuf;F gjpyPlhfhJ. ,jd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhdJ ,t;tpla mbg;gil jftiy
mspg;gjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2
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nghUslf;fk;
gf;fk;
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G 3
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;jy; 6
ntspehLfspy; tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;jy; 16
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; Gf;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy; 18
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
kw;iwa rl;l fUtpfs; 19
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3
1. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G
ifj ; n j h o p y ; tbtikg; n gd ; w hy ; vd ;d?
nghJ tof;fpy; ifj;njhopy; tbt ikg;G vd;w
gjk; xUnghUspd; KOikahd tbtikg;Gk;
nray;jpw idAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ifAs;s xU
ehw;fhypia Lj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mjpy; mku;tJ
nrsfupfkhfTk; ghu;itf;F mofhfTk; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. tpahgh uj;jpw;fhd tbtikg;ngd;Dk;
nghOJ xU nghUspd; njhopy; jpwikia
tpUj;jp nra;tJk; mjd; fiyjpwid Ak;
fzf;fpy; vLg;gNjhL mg;nghU spd;
re;ijg;gLj;jy;> cw;gj;jpr; nryT kw;Wk;
,yFthf vLj;J nry;yy;> fsQ;rpag; gLj;Jjy;
jpUj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid Nghd;w
fhuzpfisAk; fzf;fpnyLf;;Fk;.
vt;thwhapDk; mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jr; rl;lg;gb
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gh dJ mg;nghUspd;
fiyEl;g my;yJ mjdJ myq;fhu
jd;ikapidNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. NtWtpjj;jpy;
nrhy;tjh dhy; ifAs;s ehw;fhypapd; Njhw;wj;
ijNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. XU nghUspd; tbtikg;gpy;
njhopy; EZf;f my;yJ gpuNahf mk;rq;fs;
,Ug;gp Dk;> mwpthw;wy; rhu;e;j nrhj;J rl;lg;gb
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; ghdJ KOikngw;w
mg;nghUspd; cUtmofpy; jq;fpAs;sNj md;wp
njhopy;El;g my;yJ mjd; njhopw;; ghl;byy;y.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G gyjug;gl;l ifj;njhopy;
cw;g;gj;jp nghUl;fS Dk;> Nkh];ju kw;Wk;
ifg;gzpg; nghUl;fshd fbfhuq;fs;> Mghuzq;
fs;>kw;Wk; nrhFRg;nghUl;fshd tPl;L ghtidg;
nghUl;fs;> tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;> jsghlq;fs;>
kpd;cgfu zq;fs;> Cu;jpfs;>kw;Wk; fl;ll
mikg;GSlDk;> [Tsp kw;Wk; tpisahl;L
cgfuzq;fSlDk; njhlu;Gs;sJ. ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;G nghjp nra;jy;> ngl;bapyilj;jy;
kw;Wk; ftu;r;rpAlDk; njhu;GilaJ.
nghJ epajpahf xU ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;ghdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iwf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Kg;gupkhz mk;rk; cjhuzk; mjd;
tbtk;.
,Ugupkhz mk;rk; cjhuzk; mjd;
myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghL> NfhLfs; my;yJ
tu;zk;>
NkNy $wg;gl;l xd;W my;yJ mjw;;F
Nkw;gl;l mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Kg;gupkhz tbtikg;gpw;F cjhuzk;
,Ugupkhz tbtikg;gpw;fhd cjhuzk;
Courtesy: Villeroy + Boch A.G.
4
ww
w.wipo.int/sme/
tpahghuj ;jpy ; Gj ;j h f ;f tbtikg;G
tpahghu jhgdq;fs; mjpf Neuj;ij Ak;
tsq;fisAk; jhk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;;
nghUl;fspd; tbtikg;Gf; ftu;r;rpf;fhf
nrytpLfpd;wdu;. Gjpa mry tbtikg;gf;fs;
cUthf;fk; ngWtJ:
1. Fwpg;gpl;l re;ijf;F Vw;g jk; cw;gj;jpia
cUthf;f: rpy nghUl;fspy; rpwpa
tbtikg;G khw;wq;fs; nra;jy; (c + k;:
kzpf;$L) %yk; mij Fwpg;gpl;l
tanjy;iyapdUf;F Vw;wjhf khw;wy;;.
mjd; %y nray;ghLf spy; khw;wkpuhj
NghJk;> Foe;ij fSk; Kjpatu;fSk;
NtWgl;l urid As;stuhAs;sdu;.
2. jkf;NfAupa re;ijia cUthf;f: jkJ
Nghl;bahsUila nghUspyp Ue;J jkJ
nghUis NtWgLj;j jkf;NfAupa mry;
tbtikg;ig cUthf;Ftjd; %yk;
jkf;nfd;w xU reijia
cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s Kidfpd;wdu;. ,t;tpj
nfhs;if rhjhuz G+l;Lf;fs;> ghjzpfs;>
Nfhg;ig ]h]upypUe;J tpiy $ba
myq;fhu eiffs;> fzpdp fs;> fhu;fs;
Nghd;wit ,jpylq;Ffpd;wd.
3. tpahghu FwpapLfis ];jpug; gLj;jy;:
Gj;jhf;f tbtikg;G cUthf;fq;fspd; NghJ
jdpg;gl;l FwpaPLfSld; jkJ jhgdj;jpd;
FwpaPLfisAk; ];jpug;gLj;Jfpd; wdu;.
mNdf jhgdq;fs; jkJ tbtikg;G
cUthf;fj;jpd; %yk; jj;jkJ FwpaPLfis
ntw;wpfukhf cUthf;fp my;yJ kPs;epu;z
apj;Js;sdu;.
Vd; ifj ;nj h o py ; tb t ik g ; i g
ghJfhf ;f Ntz ; Lk ; ?
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ghdJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd;
ngWkjpiaf; $l;Lfpd;wJ. mJ Efu;NthDf;F
mg; nghUs; ftu;rpfukhdjhfTk; tpUk;gg;
glj;jf;fjhfTk; ,Ug;gNjhL mJ mg; nghUs;
tpiyahtjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l fhuzpahfTk;
Mfyhk;. vdNt ngWk jpahd tbtikg;Gfis
ghJfhj;jy; xU tbtikj;jupd; my;yJ cw;gj;jp
ahsupd; jPu;f;fkhd tpahghu Aj;jpahf tpUf;Fk;.
xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig Njrpa my;yJ
gpuhe;jpa mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik fhupahyaj;jpy;
gjpT nra;Jnfhs;tjd; %yk; mjd; cupikahsu;
mDkjpaw;wtu;fs; mjid gpujpnra;jiy my;yJ
Nghypfspd; jahupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhd KOikahd
mjpfhuj;ij ngWfpd;whu;. ,jw;$lhf tpahghuk;
mu;j;jKs;sjhfTk; Nghl;bj; jidikia
Cf;Ftpg;gjhAk;; ,Ug;g NjhL Nkyjpf
tUkhdj;ij gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy;
Vw;g;gLj;Jfpd;wJ:
tbtikg;ig gjpTnra;jy; %yk; xU
Nghl;bahsu; mg;nghUspd; Nghypj;jahupj;jiy
my;yJ gpujpgLj;jiy jLg;gjhy; Nghl;bapy;
cq;fsJ epiy cWjpahFk;.
Courtesy: Victorinox Ltd
ngWkjptha;e;j tbtikg;G xd;iw
gjpTnra;tjd; %yk; re;ijg;gLj;jypy;;
KjyPl;bw; fhd epahakhd kPsspj;jiyg;
ngw;W tUkhdj;ijf; $l;lyhk;;.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gf;fs; xU tpahghu
jhgdj;jpd; my;yJ cw;g;gj;jpapd; ngWkjp
ia $l;Ltjdhy;mitAk; tpahghur;
nrj;Jf;fshFk;.
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tbtikg; nghd;iw
kw;wtu;fSf;F xU fl;lzj;jpw;F
mDkjpf;fyhk; (my;yJ tpw;f;fyhk;).
,t;tpjk; mDkj;g;gjd; %yk; vk;khy;
,Jtiufhyk; nry;yKbahj re;ijfis
vl;lf;$bajh apUf;Fk;.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;nghd; iw
gjpTnra;jypd; %yk; epahakhd
Nghl;bj;jd;ikAld; ePjpahd tpahghu
KiwfSk; Cf;Ftpf;fg; gLtjhy; ftu;r;rp
fukhd gyNtWgl;l njhlu;ngh Ul;fspd;
cw;gj;jp Cf;Ftpf; fg; gLfpd;wJ.
5
tbtikg ; G fs ; ; g w ; w p a r p y
nts p g ; g h L fs ;
njhopw;rhu; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jp nra;g;gl;l
vy;yh tpsf;Ffspw;Fk; ntWghL
,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> mtw;wpd; Njhw;wk; re;ijapy;
ntw;wpia eph;z apf;fpd;wJ.,jdhNyNamNdf
ehLf spy; tPl;Lg;ghtidg; nghUl;fspd; tb
tikg;ghdJ ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G
gjpNgLfspy; ePz;l gl;bayhapUf;f
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
%yk;: OHIM tbtikg;G gw;wpa gjpT Njit rhu;ghf2002y; elhj;jg;gl;l Ma;T
(image dØtourer)
IN u hg ; g pa A +dpa d p y ; tbtikg;Gf ;fis
ghJfhg ;gjd ; fhuzq ;fs ;
Courtesy: Nemo S.p.A.Nghl;bapy; Kd;nry;y
jhgd nfsutk; fhf;f
efy; vLg;gij jLf;f
jhgd nfhs;if
'efy; vLg;Ngd;; vd;W epidg;Nghiu jLf;f.
kw;iwa
2. iiffjj;;nnjjhhooppyy;; ttbbttiikkgg;;iigg gghhJJffhhjj;;jjyy;;
cq;fS i la ifj ;njhopy; tbtikg;
Gf ;fis vt;tpjj ;jpy ; ghJfhf;fyhk ;?
mNdfkhd ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gr;
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; xu; ifj; njhopy; tbtikg;ghdJ
ghJfhg;G ngWk;gbf;F gjpTnra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lk; .
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;nghd;iw gjpTnra;a
ve;ehl;by; gjpTnra;;a Ntz;LNkh> me;ehl;bd;
Njrpa mwpT rhu; nrhj;J (IP) mYtyfj;jpy;;
tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. [gpd;dp izg;G - I y; IPfhupahyaq;fspd; ,izajsq;fis fhz;f]
ntsp ehLfspy; ghJfhg;igg; ngw gFjp 3 I
ghu;f;Ff.
rpy ehLfspy; my;yJ nghJ nghU shjhu
$l;likg;G gpuNjrq;fspy; c+ k; INuhg;gpaA+dpad; ehLfspy; gjpTnra;ag;glhj
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fSf;F
ntspaplg;gl;l jpjjpapypUe;J tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
ghJfhg;nghd;iw %d;W tUlfhyj; jpw;F
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhd rl;ltiuG
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j trjpf;$lhf ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig
Nkw;nfhz;l jhgdk; mjid fhg;GWjp
nra;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpf;Fk;; gznrytPl;bw;Fk;
Kd;d jhf jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspw;
Fs;s re;ij Nfs;tpapid mwpe;J nfhs;s
tha;g;gspf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; mndfkhdit
re;ijapy; ntw;wpngW tjpy;iy. NkYk; ehfuPf
Milayq; fhuk; Nghd;w rpy tbtikg;Gfs;
re; ijapy; FWfpa fhyfl;lj;jpw;Nf
epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
,t;tpj cw;gj;jpfSf;F gjpag;glh tbtikg;G
rl;lj;jpd; fPo; khw;wPLfs; ngwg;glyhk;. xU
cw;gj;jpahsUf;F xU nghUis cw;gj;jp
nra;j ehsp ypUe;J 12 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs;
mjid gjpTnra;J nfhs;syhk;. Xu; gjpag;
glhj nghUspw;fhd ghJfhg;ghdJ
tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mNjNtis ghJghf;fg;
gl;l tbtikg; GfSf;F 25 tUl ghJghg;G
cs;s Ntisapy; ghJfhf;fg;glhj nghUl;f
spd; ghJfhg;G FWfpa %d;W tUlq; fSf;Nf
nry;YgbahFk; vd;gJld;; ghJfhg;ig
eilKw;gLj;JtJk; fbdkhFk;.
gjpag;gl;l ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf; fisNa
,e;j topfhl;b Kd; epWj;Jt jdhy; rpy
ehLfspy;; tbtikg;Gf;fis ghJghg;gjw;fhd
NtWtifahd gjpyPL fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;
vd;gjidAk; ,q;F Kf;fpakhf vLj;jpak;g
Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l Njrpa rl;lj;ijAk;
tbtikg;igAk; Fwpj;j gjpg;Gup ik rl;lk;
(copyright law) ,t;tpj gjpyPLfspy;xd;whFk;. ,r;rl;lj; jpd; gpufhuk; ,yf;fpa
kw;Wk; fiyrhu;ghd gpujpnra;jiy jLf;
Fk; gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;G cupik ia
ngwyhk;. rpytbtikg;Gf; fs; rpy
ehLfspy; fiyEl;gkhf my;yJ gpuNahf
fiyahf fUjp gpujpnra;jiy jLf;Fk;
rl;lkhdJ eilKiwgLj;JLtNjhL rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju jhgdq;fSf;F (SME) Vw;wnjupTkhfyhk;.
jw;F Nkyhf ifj;njhopy; tb tikg;ghdJ
rpyehLfspy; tpah ghu rpd;dkhf
njhopw;gLtjhy; mit Kg;gupkhz
Fwp�lhfTk; ghJfhf;fg;glyhk;. ,q;F nghU
spd; tbtikg;Gk; nghjp nra;j KiwAk;
gpuj;jpNahfkhdjhf fUjg;gLk;.
6
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w.wipo.int/sme/
rpy ehLfspy; Kiwaw;w Nghl;bf;nfjpuhd
rl;lq;fs; xU jhgdj;jpd; ij;njhopy;
tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;fpd;wJ
cq;fsJ tbtikg;ig gjpg;gupik> tpahghur;
rpd;dk; my;yJ Kiwaw;w Nghl;b
rl;lq;fSf;$lhf ghJfhf;f Njitahd NkYk;
tpguq;fis gFjp 5 y; fhz;f.
ifj;njhopy ; tbtikg;G ghJfhg ;gpw;
$ lhf vt;tpj cupikfs; fpl;L fpd;w d?
xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpT
nra;tjD}lhf> %d;whk; egu; mt;tb tikg;gpd;
mDkjpaw;w gpujpnra;j iy my;yJ efy;
vLj;jiy cupik ahsUf;F jLf;ff;
$bajhapUf;Fk;. ,jD}lhf kw;iwa vtUk;
mt; tbt ikg;NghL ,ize;j ve;e xU nghU
isahtJ nra;aNth> nfhLf;fNth> ,wf;Fkjp
nra;aNth Vw;Wkjp nra; aNth my;yJ
tpw;fNth ,r;rl;lk; jLf;Fk;cupikia
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;bd; my;yJ
gpuhe;jpaj; jpd; rl;lKk; eilKiwAk;
ghJfhg;gpd; tpahgfj;ij eph;zapf;Fk;.
vtw;iw ifj ;njho py ; tbtikg;ghf
gj pa y hk ; ?
nghJ epajpahf xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig
gjptjw;F> ehl;bd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;fika
gpd;tUk; xd;iw my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkyhd
Njitfis mJ nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tbtikg;G Gjpajha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU
tbtikg;G gjpTf; fhf rku;g; gpf;fgLk;
NghJ mjw; F Kd;djhf mJ my;yJ
mjw; nfhj;j tbtikg;nghd;W kf;fs;
ghtidf;fhf rku;gpf;fg;glhtplj;J mJ
GjpaJ vd nfhs;sg;gLk;.
gpuj ;jpNaf cupik
jq;fs; jhgdk; Filf;fhd Gj;jhf;f
tbtikg;ig cUthf;fp Njrpa mwpTrhu;
nrhj;Jupik [IP] fhupahy aj;jpy; gjpe;jjhy;
mt;tbtikg;gpw; fhd gpuj;jpNaf cupikia
ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. ,jd; mu;j;jk; vd;dntd;
why; tpahghu Nghl;bahsu; xUtu;
mijnahj;j Filia cUthf;f> tpw;f my;yJ
,wf;Fkjp nra;tij fz;Lnfhz;lhy;>
mt;tbtikg;ig ghtpg;gij ePq;fs; jilnra;a
KbtJld; mt;tpj mDkjpaw;w ghtpg;gpdhy;
Vw;gl;l el;l <l;ilAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s ,aYk;.
mjhtJ Nghl;bahsu;fs; Nghl;bg; nghUl;fis
cw;gj;jp nra;jiy jLf ftpayh tpl;lhYk;
cq;fsijg;Nghd;w cUtpy; xU nghUis
cUthf;Fjiy Ak; cq;fs; Gj;jhf;fj;ij
,ytrkhf ghtpg;gijAk; jLf;fyhk;. vt;tpjk;
cq; fsJ cupikfis ghJfhf;fyhk; vd;g ij
NkYk; mwpe;J nfhs;s cq;fs; IP rl;ljuzpapd;
mwpTiuia ehLq;fs;.
7
tbtikg;G mryhdjhf [original]
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mrnyd;Dk; NghJ
tbtikg;ghsupdhy; Ra khf cUthf;fg;
gl;ljhAk; re;ijapYs;s NtW nghUl;f
spd; gpujpahf ,Uf;fTk; $lhJ.
tbtikg;G jd;dfj;Nj jdpg ; gl;l
Fzhjprak; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mwpTs;s xUght idahsu; cq;fs;
tbtikg; gpy; ,jw;F Kd;Ds;s tbt
ikg;Gfspy; ngw;w vz;zj;ij tpl
khWgl;l mgpg;gpuhak; nfhs; thuhapd; ,f;
Fzhjpraj;ij va;jpajhf fUjyhk;.
tof;fj;jpy;> ghJfhg;gpw;fhd tbt ikg;G
vd;gJ cw;gj;jpnra;ag;gl;l fhyzp kw;Wk;
fhjzp myq;fhu NjdPu; Nfhg;ig Nghd;wtw;wpd;
tb tikg;Gld; njhlu;Ggl;lJ. jw;Ngh ija
b[ply; cyfpy; ,g; ghJfhg;G NkYk; gy
nghUl;fSf;F rpy ehL fspy;
tp];jupf;fg;gLs;sJ. nfhk;gp A+l;lu; FwpaPL
%yk;> ,uj;jpuhdpay; nl];f; nlhg;
Infhz;fs;> mr;R tbTfs; [fonts],
fputpf; FwpaPLfs; $l ,g;nghJ cs;slf;fg;
gl;Ls;sd.
ifj;nj hopy ; tbtikg;g py ; ghJfhf;f
Kba hj it vit ?
mNdf ehLfspy; gpd;tUk; tbtikg; Gf;fs;
gjpTnra;jypypUe;J tpyf;fg; gl;Ls;sd:
GJik> mry; my;yJ jdpj;Jtk; vd;w
(NkNy $wpaJ Nghy) Njitia
re;jpf;fhj tbtikg; Gf;fs;.
cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; gpuj;jpNaf njhopy;
EZf;f nray;ghl;il Fwpf;Fk;
tbtikg;Gf;fs;. mtw; wpd; njhopy;ghL
my;yJ nraw;gh L tbtikg;Gf;fs; mit
xt; nthd;wpdJk; ,ay;igg; nghWj;J
kw;iwa IP cupikfSf;;$lhf gjpT
nra;ag;glyhk;. (c+k;. nghUis jahupf;f>
tpw;fTs;s jdpg;gl;l fhg;Gupik> cgNahfg;
nghUl;fs; my;yJ tpahghu ,ufrpaq;fs;
Nghd;wit)
mYtyf my;yJ Njrpa rpd;dq; fis
xd;wpj;jit (c+k;;. Njrpaf; nfhb
Nghd;wit)
nghJ elj;ij my;yJ xOf;f
newpfSf;nfjpuhit vdf; fUjg; gLk;
tbtikg;Gf;fs;.
mj;Jld;> rpy ehLfs; iftpidg; nghUl;fis
tbtikg;G ghJfhg;gp ypUe;J tpyf;fpAs;sd
vd;gjid Kf;fpa ftdj;jpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e; ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; ghdJ
cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba xU nghUs; my;yJ
kPz;Lk; gy gpujpfs; njhopy; El;gj;jpd; %yk;
vLf;ff;$ba nghUl;fisNa ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg; Gr; rl;lk; gjptjw;F ,e;ehLfs;
,lkspj;Js;sd.
Njrpa rl;lq;fspd; gpufhuk; NkYk; rpy
tbtikg;Gf;fs; gjpT nra;a Kbahj
itahfyhk; vdNt xU IP Kftiu my;yJ
Njrpa IP fhupahyaj;jpd; MNyhridia
ngWtJ cfe;jjhFk;.
8
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xU tbtikg;ig gj pT nra;tJ vt;thW?
cq;fsJ nrhe;j ehl;by; gjpTnra;t jw;F
gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk;
cq;fsJ Njrpa IP fhupahyj;jp-Ys;s
Kiwahd tpz;zg;g gbtj;ij cq;fs;
ngaUlDk;> ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd;
tiu glq;fSlDk; my;yJ Gifg;glq;
fSlDk; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,jw;nfd nghJthd tpz;zg;gg gbtq;fs;
cs;sd (gpd;dpizg;G I y; IP ,iza
jsq;fspd; ml;ltizia fhz;f)
rpy ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbt
ikg;G(f;fs;) gw;wpa Gj;jhf;fj;ij vOj;J
%y tpguk; Nfl;fg;glNth Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;glNth ,lkspf; fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,t;tpguk; nghUspd; jd;ikiag;
gw;wpajhapuhky; mjd; tbtikg;ig
gw;wpajh apUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gioa tbt
ikg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;J vt;tpjk; cq;fs;
tbtikg;G NtWgL;fpd; wJ vdf; fhl;l
Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa tbtikg;gpd; vy;yh
fiyak;rq; fisAk; fhl;LtNjhL vt;vt;
mk;rq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit vd;g ijAk;
fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. rpy gup Nrhjfu;fs;
tbtikg;gpd; jd;ik ia ruptu Gupe;J
nfhs;tjw;F xU gpujpia Nfhuyhk;.
Nfhitg;gLj;jYf;fhsd fl;lzk;
nrYj;Jk;gb Nfl;fg;gLtPu;fs;.
tpz;zg;gq;fis rPuhf Nfhitg;
gLj;Jtjw;fhf xU IP Kftupd; Nritia
ngw vj;jdpj;jhy;; mk; KftUf;F cq;fs;
mjpfhuj;ij khw;wpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
epu;thf eilKiwfs; ahTk; rupahf G+u;j;jp
nra;ag;gl;ldth vd;gij cWjp gLj;jpa
gpd;dNu mt;tbtikg;ig gjpT nra;tu;. NkYk;
rpy fhyupahy aq;fs; jk;kplKs;s vy;yh
tbtikg; Gf;fisAk; guprPypj;J Gj;jhf;fj;ij
cWjp nra;j gpd;dNu gjpTnra;fpd;wd. gy
fhupahyaq;fs; vt;tpj cWjpAk;
Nkw;nfhs;shJ gjpfpd;wd.
xU tbtikg;G gjpTnra;ag;gl;lTld; gjpNtl;by;
nra;ag;gl;L cj;jpNahfG+u;t frl;ntspaPl;by;
ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; rpy ehLfspy;/
gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; rl;lg;gb tbtikg;ig xU
Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F gjpag;glhJ xj;jpitf;f
mjpfhuk; cs;s gbahy; mf;fhy vy;iytiu
tbtikg;gpd; ,ufrpak; Ngzg;gLk;. ,t;tpjk;
tbtikg;gpd; ,ufrpak; Ngzg;gLtJ.xU tpahghu
je;jpukh fyhk;.
gpwehLfspy; vt;tpjk; tbtikg;ig
ghJfhf;fyhk; vd;gij gFjp 3 ,y; fhz;f.
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10
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xU tbtikg;ig gjpa vt;tsT fhykhFk;?
Xt;nthU Njrpa IP fhupahyaj;jpy;
me;ehLfspYs;s rl;lq;fspd; gb xU
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpTnra; tjw;F 6
Kjy; 12 khjq;fNsh mjw; F $LjyhfNth>
guPl;rfu; vLf;Fk; ahNjDk; Ml;Nrgidfs;
my;yJ rl;lg;gb tbtikg;ig gjptjw;F
njuptpf;ff; $ba vjpu;g;Gfs; Nghd;w
topKiwfspdhy; fhy jhkjk; Vw;glyhk;.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpTnra ;t jw;F
Kd ; , ufrpakhf ghJfhj; j y; m trpak h?
cq;fs; tbtikg;G gjpTnra;tJ tbtikg;gpd;
ghJfhg;gpw;fhf vd;g jhy; gjpTfs; epiwNtW
kl;Lk; mj id ,ufrpakhf ghJfhf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,ufrpak; NgZtjw;fhd vOj;J %y
cWjpnahd;iw ngw;w gpd;dNu NtW
ahUf;fhfpYk; tbtikg;ig fhl;l Ntz;Lk;
tpahghu jhgdj;jpd; gl;baypy; (Catalogue)gpurpj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ rpW ifNaLfspy;
(Brochure) tbtikg;G gw;wpa tpguq;fs;
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ GjpaJ vd;w
jd;ikia ,oe;J tpLk;. mt;tpjk;
ntspaplg;gl;l tbt ikg;ghdJ tpNrl fUiz
,ilntsp rl;lkpy;yh ehLfspy;
nghJTlikaht jhy; ,ijg;Nghd;W ,jw;F
Kd;du; ele;j Xu; jlaj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;bdh
nyhopa mjid rl;lg;gb ghJfhf;f ,ayhJ.
(ntsp ehLfspy; tbtikg; ig vt;tpjk;
ghJfhf;fyhk; vd;gij gf;fk; 16 y; fhz;f)
ccjjhhuuzzkk;;:: Foe;ijAk; gps;isAk; (BABY AND
CHILDEN) Foe;ijfspd; ];ehdj;njhl;bypy;
Foe;ijfspd; nrsfupaj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L
gpnuQ;R Baby and Children epUtdk;
Foe;ijfs; ];ehdk; nra;tjw;nfd;W xU
nrsfupakhd vspikahd Fsp ay; njhl;by;
xd;iw cUthf;fpaJ. ,t;tbtikg;G
cynfq;FKs;s jha; khiuAk;
Foe;ijfisAk; ftu;e;Js; sJ. jkJ
tbtikg;ig cynfq;Fk; gjptjw;fhf
me;epWtdk; 2000k; Mz;L khu;r;R khjj;jpy;
ru;tNjr tpz;zg; gj;ij ifaspj;jJ. jdJ
tpahghur; rpd;dj;ij gjpT nra;jjpd; gpd;
%d;W fz;lq;fspYs;s 10 ehLfspy; jdJ
nghUis tpw;gidf;F Neub ahfNth my;yJ
kw;wtu;fSf;F jkJ tbtikg;gpd; iyrd;ir
toq;fpNah tpw;gidf;F tpl;lJ. Courtesy: Foe;ijAk; gps;isAk;
,e;epWUtdj;jpd; tpahghu ntw;wp
fzprkhdjhFk;. ,d;W Baby and Childrenjhgdj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa tpahghu ghz;lkhf
,f; Fspay; njhl;by; ,Ug;gNjhL jkJ
jdpg;gl;l tpahghu ghJfhg;gpd; %yk; ,d;W
cynfq;Fk; jdJ cw;gj;jpfis
re;ijg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
11
fUizfhyk; vd ;w hy; vd;d ?
rpyehLfspy; xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G
me;ehLfspd; rl;lg;gb mt;tbtikg;G
gjptjw;Fk; mjid re;ijapy; gfpuq;fg;
gLj;Jtjw;Fk; my;yJ ntspapLtjw;Fk;
,ilapy; 6 Kjy; 12 khjq;fs; tiuahd
fUiz fhyj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd.
,jdhy; Kiwg;gb tbtikg;gpd; Nfhitia
gjpAKd; mt;tbtikg; gpidf; nfhz;l nghUs;
xd;iw tpw;gidf;Ftpl;Nlh> fz;fhl;rpapy;
my;yJ tpahghu njhlu;G fhl;rpapy; itj;Njh>
tpahghu gl;baypy; (catalogue) my;yJ rpW
tpsk;gu ntspaPLfspy; (brochure) ntspapl;
ljdhy; jdJ Gj;jhf;f jd;ikapid ,of;fhJ
ghJfhj;J gjptpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;.
vdpDk; vy;yh ehLfspYk; ,e;epiyghL
,y;yhj gbapdhYk; jug;gLk; fUizf;fhyk;
FWfpajhYk; tbtikg;gpd; ghJfhg; gpw;fhf
mjid gjpAkl;Lk; ,ufrpa khf ghJfhj;jy;
kpf Kf;fpa tplakhFk;. cq;fs; ehl;bYs;s
gjpg;Gupik (copyright) rl;lk;> kw;Wk; ePjpaw;w
Nghl;b rl;l jpl;lq; fspd; gb cq;fs;
tbtikg;G ghJfhf;fg;gl;lhYk; mt; tbtikg;
gpw;fhd gpuj;jpNaf cupikia ngw;wpUf;f
khl;Bu;fs;. (gFjp 5 y; NkYk; gjpg;Gupik
rl;lk; gw;wp fhz;f)
ifj;njhopy ; g hJf hg ; G vt;tsT
fhyj;jpw;F tYg; ngw ; wJ ?
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G ehl;bw;F
ehL NtWgLk;. rhjhuzkhf 10 tUlq;f
Sf;F ,J ghJfhg;gspf;fpd;wJ. (MapDk;
If;fpa mnkupf;f ,uh[paj; jpy; 14
tUlq;fSk; INuhg;gpa Adpad; ehLfspy; 25
tUlq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ). mNdfkhd
ehLfs; Ie;J Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw jj;
jkJ tbtikg;Gf;fis gjpNtLfspy; GJg;gpf;f
NfhUfpd;wd.
ifj ;njho py ; tbtikg;ig gjpa vt;tsT
nry thFk ; ?
,r;nryT ehl;bw;F ehL tpj;jpahrg; gLk;.
mNjNtis ntt;NtW tpjkhd nryTfd;
Vw;glyhk; vd;gjidAk; kdjpy; nfhs;f:
1. Njrpa/ gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaj;jpy;gjpTf;fl;lzk; xd;iw nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
gjpT fl;lzkhdJ gjpa Ntz;ba
tbtikg;Gf;fspd; njhif apYk; gjpa
Ntz;ba ehLfspd; vz;zpf;ifAlDk;
Neupilahf njhlu;Gs;sJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F
INuhg;gpa A+dpad; ehLfspy; jdpg;gl;l
tbtikg;ig gjpjw;F 350 A+Nuhf;fs;
nrythFk; mJNt 10 tbtikg;Gf;fisf;
nfhz;;lnjdpy; 1>925 A+Nuhf;fs; tiu
Mfyhk;. ,jw;F Vw;gLk; rupahd
nryTfis mwpa cq;fs; IP Kftuplk;
,Ue;Njh my;yJ cq;fs; mUfhikapYs;s
IP fhupahyaj;jpy; ,Ue;Njh mwpe;J
nfhs;syhk;.
2. mNjNtis ,g; gjpT Ntiyapy; ePq;fs;
cq;fSf;F; cjt mDg tk; cs;s IPKftiu Ntiyf; fku;j;Jk; fl;lzKk;;
,q;F fzf; fpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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3. mNdf ehLfs; Ie;J tUlq;fSf; nfhU
Kiw jkJifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig
GJg;gpf;Fk; fl;lzj;ij ngw;W
jhgdq;fSf;F jkJ tbtikg;gpd;
gpuj;jpNaf cupikia toq;Ffpd;wd.
4. ntspehnlhd;wpy; gjpTnra;tjw;F Vw;gLk;
nkhop ngau;g;G fl;lzKk; fpuaj;Jld;
Nru;f;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G fiyjpwNdhL nray; j pwd ;
Nkk;ghLk; nfhz ;bUg ; g pd ; vd;d nra;a
Ntz ;Lk ; ?xU nghUspd; nray;jpwd; Nkk;gl;bUg;gpd;
mjw;fhd gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;gpw;F Mf;f
cupikg; gj;jpuk; (patent) my;yJ gad;ghl;L
nkhly; ghJfhg;Gf;F tpz;zg;gpg;gJld; mjd;
njhopy; ghL ntspg;gilah apy;yhtplj;J
mij tpahghu ,ufrpakhf Ngz tpz;zg;gpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU GJg;nghUspd; cw;gj;jpah
dJ njhopy; ghl;L Nkk;ghl;Lld; fiyj;jpDk;
fye;Jjhd; fhzg;gLk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ePq;fs;
xU Gjpa nry; ypl njhiyNgrpia
tbtikj;J cs; sPu;fs; vd itj;Jf;
nfhhs;Nthk;. cq; fs; njhiyNgrp gyjug;gl;l
gFjpf spy; ,yj;jpuhdpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis
nfhz;Lk; ,Ug;gjdhy; mij Mf;f cupik
(pattern) %yk; ghJfhf;ftpa Yk;. cq;fs;
njhiyNgrpapd; xup[pdy; tbtikg;G
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpy; gjpTnra;ag;glyhk;;.
,uz;bw;Fk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ehk; tpz;zg;gpf;f
,aYk;.
' Nokia
tbtik g ; G ghJfhg ;Gk; tp ahgh u
j e ;j p N u hg haKk;
xU tpahghu jhgdj;jpd; ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;Gfs; vt;tpjk;> vg;NghJ> vq;Nf
ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w jPu;khdq;fs;
tbtikg;G Kfhikj;J tj;jpy; Kf;fpa
jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj; jyhk;;. vdNt xU
gue;Jgl;l tpahghu je;jpNuhghaj;jpy;
tbtikg;G ghJ fhg;G gw;wpa mk;rq;fs;
cs;slf; Fjy; mtrpak;;. cjhuzj;jpw;F
tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G tif mjd; fpuak;>
tbtikg;gpd; cupik> ghJfhg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;
vd;gd gpd;tUk; jPu;khdk; xd;iw vLg;gjw;F
Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf mikayhk;.
tbtikg;ig Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F jhgdj;jpDs;
cs;s my;yJ ntspapypUe;J xU Kftiu
epakpj;jy.;;
Gjpa tbtikg;G gw;wpa Kjy; tpsk;guk;;>
re;ijg;gLj;jy;> fz; fhl;rpapy;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tw;iw cupa
fhyj;jpy; nra;jy;.
vt;ntt; Vw;Wkjp re;ijfis ,yf;Fg;
gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.
nghUshjhu mD$yq;fisg; ngWk; Nehf;fpy;
mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;F jy; kw;Wk;
tbtikg;G xd;iw tu;j;jf uPjpapy;
gad;gLj;j kw;w epWtdq;fis vg;NghJ
vg;gb mDkjpg;gJ.
13
mNdf cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ cw;gj;jpapd;
gy gFjpfis ntt; NtW mwpTrhu;
nrhj;jjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; ghJfhf;fpd;wdu;. vdpDk;
Mf;f cupikf;Fk;; / gad;ghl;L
khjpupAUtpw;Fk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;Fk;
cs;s mbg;gil NtWghLfis kdjpy;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mf;fcupikg;gj;jpuk;
/gad;ghL khjpupAUgj;jpuk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUspy;
fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;l nray;ghl;L
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G
ghJfhg;gh dJ mg;nghUspd; cUj;Njhw;wj;jpw;
Fk; ghJfhg;gspf;Fk;.
ifj;njhopy ; tbtikg;G ghJfhg ;g pw ;F
ahu ; tpz;zg;g pf ;fyhk ?nghJthf tbtikg;ig cUthf;fpa tu;
my;yJ xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Ntiy
nra;gtuhdhy; mtuJ gzp nfhs;Nthu;
tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.tpz;zg;gj;jhup jdpeguhfNth
(c+ k; tbtikg;ghsu;) rl;lG+u;tkhf jhgpf;fg;
gl;l epiyakhfNth (c+ k; tpahghu jhgdk;)
,Uf;fyhk;. tpz;zg;gj;jhup Neuhf my;yJ
xUKft&lhf tpz;zg; gpf;fyhk;.
tpz;zg;g;jhup ntspehl;bd uhdhy; Kiwg;gb
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Kft&lhf tpz;zg;gpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg ;gpd; Nky;
mjpfhuKs ;st u; a hu?
tpNrl re;ju;g;gq;fisj; jtpu tbikg; ghsNu
tbtikg;gpd; Kjy; cupikah suhtu;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F mNdf ehLf spy; Ntiy
xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; Copau; xUtu; tbtiksig
jdJ Ntiy Neuj;jpy; jhgdj;jpw;Fs;
Ntiyapd; xU gFjpahf cUthf;fpapUe;jhy;
tbtikg;Gk; mjd; cupikAk; Ntiy
nfhs;NthUf;Nf nre;jkhFk;. my;yJ
xU Kiwahd fbjj;jpd; %yk;
cjhuzk;: DURACELL1980fs; tiu DURACEL jhgdk;
my;fiyd; kpd;fyq;fis kl;LNk cw;gj;jp
nra;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ,j; jhgdk; tbtikg;G
epGzu; xUtiu nghf;nfl;by; vLj;J
nry;yf;$ba Nlhr;iyl; xd;iw tbtikf;f
epakpj;J 1982y; mij re;ijg;gLj;jp aJ.
,uz;L tUlq;fspd; gpd;du; tb tikg;ghsu;
If;fpa ,uh[paj;jpd; tbtikg;ghsu; rigapd;
ntFkjp apid ntd;whu;. fle;j fhy ,il
ntspapy; xt;nthU re;ijf;Nfw;w NtWgl;l
Nlhr;iyl;fis gy;NtW khw;wq;fSld;
,j;jhgdk; re;ijg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. thypg
thbf;ifahs Uf;fhf gy;NtW tu;zq;fspYk;
$l ,tw;iw re;ijg;gLj;jpaJ.
,jd; cs;shu;e;j nrau;ghLfis Mf;f
cupik ghJfhg;gpw;$lhfTk; mjd; tbtikg;ig
jhd; tpw;gis nra;Ak; rfy ehLfspYk;
gjpTnra;J ghfhg;ig ngw;Ws;sJ.
Duracell fi
14
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w.wipo.int/sme/
ifkhw;wg;glyhk;.
Xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; ntspahu; xUtupdhy;
tbtikg;G cUthf;fg; gl;bUe;jhy;
mt;tbtikg;G mtiu epakpj;j jhgdj;jpw;Nf
rhjhuzkhf nre;jkhFk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l epiyapy;
ahu; tbtikg;ig mikf;Fk;gb epakpj;jhNuh
mtUf;Nf mJ cupik ahFk;. cz;ikahd
tbtikg;ghs NuhL Vw;glf;$ba VNjDk;
gpur;rid fs; Kjypy; Vw;gLj;jpa xg;ge;j
epakq;fis jpUk;g ghu;g;gjd; %yk;
jtpu;f;fyhk;.
tbtikg;ghsUf;F jdJ tbtikg;gpw;fhd
gpujpnra;jiy jLf;Fk; mjpfhuk; jhdhfNt
fpilg;gjdhy; ,ij xg;ge;jj;jpy; Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
gy tbtik g;Gf ;f is jdp xU tpz;
z g ; gg ; gbtj ;j pd ;%yk ; gjpay hk h ?
,jw;fhd tpil ehl;Lf;F ehL NtWgLfpd;wJ.
xNu cw;gj;jpia my;yJ tifia Nru;e;j
nghUl;fsh dhy; 10> 20 my;yJ mjw;F
Nkw;gl;l 50 tbtikg;Gf;fs; $l xNu tpz;zg;
gj;jpy; gjptpw;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
(15k; gf;fj;jpy; xNu tif nghUl;fspd;
ml;ltiziz ghu;f;f)
fjpiufs;> Nkirfs;> xg;gid Nkir fs; Nghd;wtw;iw
cjhuzk; TRAX
OMK Designs jhgdj;jhy; re;ijg;gLj; jg;gLk;
TRAX nghJ ,Uf;iffSf; fhd tbtikg;G
nuhl;zp fpd;];kd; (Rodney Kinsman) vd;gtuhy;tbtikf; fg; gl;Ls;sJ. gpupj;jhdpa Gifapuj
Nrit nghJ[dq;fs; nrsfupakhf gazpf;fTk;
vLg;ghd Njhw;wj;ijAk; fhy epiyfSf;F
<Lgpbf;ff; $ba Jk; Fiwe;j
guhkupg;Gs;sJkhd ,Uf;iffis NjbaJ.
,f;fhy ePNuhl;lj;jpy; TRAX ntw;wpfukhd
tbtikg;Gf;fis ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. ,f;fhy
fl;lj;jpy; 60 tpkhd epiyaq;fspy; TRAXtbtikg;Gf; fs; jk; ,lj;ij ntw;wpfukhd
tbtikg;Gf;fs; %yk; gpbj;Js;sd.
TRAX jdJ tbtikg;Gf;fis ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;gpd; %yk; If;fpa ,uh[pak;>
mT];jpNuypah> ngdyf;]; ehLfs;> n[u;kpdp>
,j;jhyp;> ag;ghd;> kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkupf;fh
Nghd;w ehLfspy;; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.
vdNt OMK jhgdj;jpw;F re;ijgLj;jYf;fhd
KOikahd jdpcupikia ,e;ehLfspy;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. mNjNtis ,j;jhgdk; rpy
ntspehl;L jhgdw;fSf;F TRAX ,Uf;iffis
cw;gj;jp nra;aTk; tpw;gid nra;aTk; Mf;f
cupik fl;lzj;ij ngw;W cw;gj;jp nra;a
mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.
Courtesy: TRAXfi
15
tbtikg;ig nfhz;l xd;whf
ghtpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; vdTk; $wyhk;.
tcjhuzj;jpw;F ntl;Lk; fUtpfs;
(Ks;fuz;bfs;> fuz;bfs;) kw;Wk; fj;jpfs;)
tPl;Lg; ghtid nghUl;fs; (Kb cyu;j;Jk;;
fUtpAk; tprpW FoYk; nozzle J}upifAk;)
xU ghtidg; nghUs; tbtikg;gpy; mNdf
cUkhw;wq;fs; cs;sij ePq;fs; fhzyhk;.
vdNt rupahd ghJfhg;gpid nryT RUf;fkhf
vy;yh cUkhw;w NtisapYk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s
xU IP Kftupd; MNyhridNah my;yJ cupa
IP fhupahyaj;jpNyh ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
ru ;t N j r ti fg ; gLj ;j y ; K iwik
,yFthf Gupe;Jnghs;s ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;Gf;fs; $l;lq;fshf my;yJ gpupTfshf
tifg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sd. ve;j tifapd; fPo;
gjpa Ntz;Lk; vd cq;fs; tpz;zg;g gbtj;jpy;
Nfl;fg; glyhk;. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fSf;F
ru;tNjr tifg;gLj;jy; Kiwahd yf;fhu;Ndh
xg;ge;jj;jpidNa mNdf ehLfs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd.
gpd;dpizg;G II I ghu;f;fTk;. mj;Jld;
www.wipo.int/classifications/en/locarno/about/
ghu;f;fTk;.
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tpUk;gpd; mNdf ehLfspy; mit xNu tif
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tpz;zg;g gbtj;jpd; %yk; gjp ayhk;.
mNjNtis mjDldpizf; fg;gl;Ls;s xU
tpsf;ifAk; gjpa Ntz;Lkhdhy; ntt;Ntwhd
tpz;zg; gg; gbtk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
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Nru;e;jitahf fzf;fplg;gL tjpy;iy.
nghJthf xt;nthU tb tikg;gpw;Fk;
ntt;Ntwhf fl;lzk; mwtpl;lhYk; mit
jdpj;jdpahd tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F nrytpLk;
njhifap Yk; kpff; FiwNt.
vdpDk; rpy ehLfspy; tbtikg;Gf; fSf;F
ntt;Ntwhd tpz;zfg;gq; fis NfhUtu;.
,tw;wpy; mNdf ehLfspy; jdpnahU
tbtikg;gpw;F jdpahd tpz;zg;gj;ij
NfhupdhYk; mjpy; mNdf cU khw;wq;fis
nra;a mDkjpf;fpd;wd. NtW ehLf spy;
,t;tbtikg;Gf;fs; xU njhF jpg;
nghUl;fSf;fhdjhapd; jdptb tikg;G
tpjpapypUe;J tpyf;fspf;fg; gLfpd;wd.
cUkhw;wq;fs; vd;Dk; NghJ xUnghUspd;
tbtikg;G> ngU khw;wnkJTk; ngwhj
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njhFjp; vd;Dk; NghJ xNu nghJ
Fzhjpraj;ijf; nfhz;l xd;whf
vz;zg;gLk; nghUl;fs; my;yJ xNu
16
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Ntnw hUtUf;F cq;fs; ifj ;n j hopy;
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vt;ntt; gFjpfspy; my;yJ vt;ntt;
epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy;
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xd;W ifr;rhj; jplg;gLk;.
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vt;ntt; ehLfSf;F; mt; tbtikg;ig
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cq;fsJ tbtikg;G gjpag;gl;L my;yJ
tpz;zg;gpf;fg; gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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ghtpf;f mDkjpaspj;jy; %yk; cq;fSf;F
Nkyjpf tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wf;;nfhs;tNjhL
cq;fs; tbt ikg;gpd; Nky; $ba
mjpfhuj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd; mDk jpapid
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ntspNjhw;wj;ij kl;Lky;yhJ midj;J
mk;rq;fisAk; cs;s lf;Fk; xg;ge;jj;ij
Nkw;nfhs;S fpd;wdu;.
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ntspehLfspy; Vd; tbtik g;i g
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cq;fsJ jhgdk; ntspehl;bw;F cw;gj;jpia
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jhgdj;jpw;F nghUl; fis cw;gj;jp nra;a>
tpw;gidnra;a> my;yJ NtnwhU jhgdj;jpw;F
Vw;Wkjp nra;a mDkjpaspf;Fk; NghJ me;ehL
fspnyy;yhk; nrhe;j ehl;by; tbtikg; ig
ghJfhg;gJ Nghd;W mt;tbtikg; ig
ghJfhj;jy; Fwpj;J rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
c q;fs; ifj;n jhopy; tbtikg;i g
ntspehLfspy; vg ;gb ghJfhf;fy hk ?
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;;G ghJfhg;G xU
gpuNjrj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ ve;j
ehl;by; mJ Kjypy; ntspg;gl;lNjh
me;ehl;by; mJ gjpag;gl;L
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ehLfSf;F; mg;nghUis Vw;Wkjp nra;a
vj;jdpg;gPu;fshapd; me;ehLfspnyy;yhk; mjd;
ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
cq;fs; tbtikg;ig Kjy; tbtikjj ehl;by;
gjpTnra;J MW khj fhyj;jp;d; gpd;dNw
ntspehLfspy; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s Kd;Dhpdk;
mjpfhyhk;. ,f;fhy ,ilntspapd; gpd;
,e;ehLfspy; ,t;tbtikg;ig GjpaJ vd fUjp
gjpatpayhJ.
17
ntspehLfspy; cq;fs; ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;;Gf;fis %d;W tpjj;jpy;
ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.
1. Njrpa khu;f;fk;: jhgdq;fspd; tbtikg;G
vt;ntt; ehLfspy; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd vz;Zfpd;wPu;fNsh me;ehLfspYs; s IP
fhupahyaq;fspy; jdpj;jdp ahf gjpe;J
ghJfhg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. ,k; Kiw
rpf;fyhd Jk; mt;tt; ehLfspd; nkhopapy;
tbtikg;G gw;wpa tpguj;ij
nkhopngau;j;jy;> epu;thf kw;Wk;
rl;lhf;fq;fs; njhlu;ghd nryT cl;gl
nryTkpf;f njhd;whFk;.
2. gpuhe;jpa khu;f;fk;: xu; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
$l;bize;Js;s ehLfspy; cq;fs;
tpahghuj;ij Nehf;fhf
nfhz;bUg;gPu;fshdhy; mf;$l;L ehLfspd;
gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaj; jpy; xU
tpz;zg;gj;ij rku;g;gpg; gjd; %yk; me;
ehLfspy; ghJ fhg;ig ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
gpuhe; jpa fhupahyaq;fs; gpd;tUk;
$l;Lf;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk;:
Mq;fpy nkhop NgRk; Mgpupf;f ehLfspd;
gpuhe;jpa ifj;njhopy; nrhj;Jf; fhupahyak;
(African Regional Industrtial Property Office -ARIPO)
ngy;[pak;> neju;yhe;J kw;Wk; yf;rk;Ngu;f;
ehLfSf;fhd ngdyf;]; tbtikg;Gf;
fhupahyak; (Benelux Designs Office-BDO)
INuhg;gpa A+dpad; ehLfspd; cs;@u;
re;ijfis xOq;FgLj;Jk; mikg;Gf;fspd;
$l;Lupik fhupahyak; (Office forHarmanisation in the Internal Market -OHIM)
gpnuQ;R nkhop NgRk; Mgpupf;f ehLfspd;
Mgpupf;f mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupikf;
fhupahyak; (Organisation Africaine de laPropriété interllectuelle - OAPI)
gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaq;fspd; kpd; mQ;ry;fis
gpd;dpizg;G I y; fhz;f
3. ru;tNjr khu;f;fk;: ru;tNjr ehLfspy; jkJ
tbtikg;ig gjpTnra;a vj;jdpf;Fk;
tbtikg;G jhgdq;fs; ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;Gf;fis ru;t Njr mstpy;
ghJfhg;ghf itf;Fk; `hu;Nf WIPOxg;ge;jj;ijAk; ghtpf;fyhk;. xU mq;fj; Jt
ehl;bd; jhgdnkhd;W WIPO tpw;F jdpnahU
tpz;zg;gj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd; %yk;
tpz;zg;gj;juup tpUk;GtJ Nghy mNdf
ehLfspy; ,yFthfTk; ,yhgfukhfTk;
jdJ tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;
wJ. `hu;Nf xg;ge;jk; gw;wpAk;> mq; fj;Jt
ehLfspd; epuiyAk; tpz; zg;gg;
gbtj;ijAk; WIPO ,izaj skhd
www.wipo.int/hague/. ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;
`hu;Nf xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
tbtikg;Gfhis ghJfhf;f Vw;gLk; fpuak;
njupT nra;ag;gl;l tbt ikg;Gf;fspd
vz;zpf;ifapYk; ehLf spd; vz;zpf;ifapYk;
Neubahf njhlu;GilaJ.
18
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w.wipo.int/sme/
cjhuzj;jpw;F 11 ehLfspy; Ie;J
tbtikg;Gf;fis `hu;Nf Kiwapy; gjpT
nra;a fpl;lj;jl;l 900 Rtp]; gpuhq;Ffs;
nrythFk;.
4. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;
Gf;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy;
cq; fs; tbt i k g; Gf ;fi s gpd; g w ; w p >
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c upi k i s m K y; g L j; J tP u ;f s; ?ifj;njhopy; mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupikia mKy;
gLj;Jjy; xU rpf;fyhd fhupakhj yhy; IPrk;ge;jkhd xU rl;ljuzp apd; MNyhridia
ngWjy; crpj khdJ. Nghypfis re;ijapy;
fz;fh zpg;gJk; mjw;nfjpuhf eltbf;if
vLj;jYk; tbtikg;gpd; cupikahs Uf;Nf
ru;tNjr tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G2001k; Mz;by; `hu;Nf Kiwapy; ru;tNjr
uPjpapy; jkJ tbtikg;Gf; fis mjpfkhf
gjpTnra;j 10 tbtikg;ghsu;fshf Rth~; FOkk;
(Swatch Group), ,d;Bupau; (Interior),ntspehLfspy; nrhzp (Sony Overseas),n`u;k;]; (Hermes)> nlapk;yu; fpup];yu;
(Daimler Chrysler) nehf;fpah (Nokia) tpy;yNuhAk;Ngh\;\_k;AG (Villeroy+Boch AG)> nksspndf;];(Moulinex)> gpypg;]; vnyf;Nuhdpf;];; (PhilipsElectronics) kw;Wk; rynkhD khFk; (Salomon).mt;tUlj;ljpy; Rth~; FOkk; 103 tbtikg;Gf;
fSf;fhd gjptpid ngw;W Mff;$ba
ghtidahsuhdJ.
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mijnahj;j kw;iwa fbfhuq;fSf; nfjpuhf
thbf;ifah su;fshy; ftug;gLtjhf cs;sJ.
vdNt Rth~; Nghd;w jhgdq;fs; jkJ
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epGzj;Jtj;ijAk; nrytpLtNjhL mNdf
ehLfspy; jkJ tbtikg;gf;fspd; Nky;
jdpg;gl;l cupikiaAk; epiyepWj;jpf;
nfhs;fpd;wd.
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tbtikg;G gw;wpa fz;fhzpg;Gk;> NghypfisAk;
mriyNghd;w Vkhw;W nghUl;fisAk;
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vLf;fyhk; vd;gjw;Fk; vt;tpjj;jpy;
gpur;ridia jPu;f;fyhk; vd;gjw;Fk; MNyhrid
toq;f jFjpahdtuhFk;.
rl;l tpNuhj mj;JkPwy; xd;W ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ
Courtesy: Swatch A G
19
vd ek;Gkplj;J Kjy; gbahf mj;jkPwy;
eltbf;ifia cldbahf epWj;Jk;gb fbjk;
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jdpegu; cupikia ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;w
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xd;iw tiuAk; NghJ xU rl;l epGzupd;
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jpy; jpBu; Nrhjid elhj;jp mg;Nghyp fis
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mwptpj;jypd;wp Nghypfis ifg;gw;wyhk;.
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tha;g;Gf;fs; cz;L.
mj;JkPwy; %yk; jahupf;fg;gl;l Nghypahd
nghUl;fs; fz;L gpbf;fg; gl;lhy; xU rl;l
ty;Ydupd; MNyhridia ngWjy;
crpjkhdJ.
5. ifj;njhopy;
tbtikg;Gf;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd kw;iwa
rl;lf; fUtpfs;
gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpw;Fk; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G
rl;lj;jpw;F kpilapy; cs;s NtWghLfs;
ahit ?rpy ehLfspy; gjpg;Gupik rl;lkhdJ rpy tif
rpj;jpuq;fisAk; rl;lg;gb cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
cjhuzj; jpw;F Jzpfspy; Nghlg;gLk;
rpj;jpuq;fs;.
Image du catalogue ASEAN Sheyda l enverra
mNdf ehLfs; jpuz;l ghJfhg;G (gjpg;Gupik
rl;lKk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G
rl;lKk;) rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xNu tbtikg;ig
ghJfhf;fpd;wd. NtW rpy ehLfspy; ,uz;L
tifahd ghJfhg;G jdpg;gl;lj;fTk;
gpuj;jpNafkhdjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
jPu;khdk; vLf;FKd; Kjypy; ,uz;L tifahd
ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s NtWghLfis; ed;F
tpsq;fpf;nfs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. rpy Kf;fpa
NtWghLfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
20
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gjpT nra;jy;
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G rl;lj; jpw;fika
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ghtpg;gpw;F tplg;gL tjw;F Kd;djhf
Fiwe;jgl;rk; ve;j ehl;by; ghJfhg;G
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gl;bUj;jy; mtrpak;. ifj;njhopy;
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j kpfTk; gpuNah[d Ks;sjhf mikAk;.
%yg;gpujpahf fhzg;gLk; Ntiyf Sf;F
gjpg;Gupik xU rk;gpujha Kiwahf
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ghJfhg;gpw;fhf khj;jpuk;; my;y vd;gjid
ftdj;jpy; vLf;fTk;. rpy ehLfspy;
cq;fs; tbtikg;ig itg;gpy; itj;J
mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; nfhLf;Fk; KiwAk;
filgpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
fhyk;
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G ve;j
ehl;by; Nfhug;gLfpd;wNjh mt;tt; ehl;bd;
rl;lq;fSf;fika 10 Kjy; 25 tUlq;fs;
kl;Lk; ePbf;Fk;. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;
igg; gjptjw;F rpyfhyk; vLf;Fk;
vd;gjidAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f.
mNjNtis mit ePbj;J epw;fhj et
ehfuPf nghUl;fs; njhlu;gpy; nghUe;jhJ.
mNdf ehLfspy; gjpg;Gupik Mf;fpNahdpd;
[Ptpafhyk; kl;Lkd;wp mtupd; kuzj;jpd;
gpd; 50 my;yJ 70 tUlq;fs; tiu
ePbf;Fk;.
ghJfhg;gpd; tpahgfk;
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpT nra;tjd;
%yk; mjd; cupikah su; rk;G+u;z
cupikia mt;tbt ikg;gpd; kPJ
ngWfpd;w gbahy; vtNuDk; mwpe;Njh
mwpahkNyh gpujpnra;jhy; mj;JkPwpajhf
fhzg;gLtu;.
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ghJfhf;fg;gl;l tiuglj;jpw;F xj;j
my;yJ gpujpnra;ag;gl;l gpujp vd;gij
ep&gpf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
nghUl;fspd; tiffs;
mNdfkhd ehLfspy; vy;yh
tbtikg;Gf;fSk; Kf;fpakhf fiyrhu;ghd
gilg;Gfs; gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpw;F mika
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NtWghLfis gpupj;jwpjy; fbdk;.
cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; KbG Njhw;wj; jpid
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,Utif ghJfhg;igAk; mNdfkhf
ngWfpd;wd
fpuak;
ve;nje;j ehLfspy; cq;fs; tbtikg;ig
ghJfhf;f gjpa Ntz;LNkh mt;tt;
ehLfSf;fhd tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzj;ij
nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; rpyNtis
IP Kftu; xUtiu gbtq;fis G+u;j;jp
21
cjhuzk;: 80% gpupj;jhdpa [Tsp
cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ [Tsp cw;gj; jpf;fhd
rpj;jpu tbtikg;Gf;fspd; %y gpujpfis
gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpd; gb cupikia
epiyepWj;j ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUg;gjhf
njuptpj;jdu;.
tpahghur; rpd;d rl;lk; vg;NghJ cq;fs;
tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;Fk?tpahghu rpd;dk; xUjhgdj;jpd; cw;gj;jpg;
nghUl;fs; kw;iwa jhgd nghUl;fspy; epd;W
Ntwhf vLj;Jf; fhl;l xU rpd;dj;ijNah
my;yJ nrhy;iyNah my;yJ ,uz;Lk;
fye;jjhfNth ,Uf;Fk; milahskhFk;.
rpyNtisfspy; tbtk; my;yJ nghjp
nra;ag;gl;l Kiw mg;nghUspd; jdpf;
Fzhjprakhf nfhs;sg;gl;L Kg;gupkhz
tpahghu rpd;dkhf ghJfhf;fg;glyhk;. nfhf;fh
Nfhyhtpd; Nghj;jYk;> nlhgpsNuhd;
(Toblerone) rhf;yl;bd; Kf;Nfhz tbTk;
,jw;F cjhuzkhf nfhs;syhk;.
nra;a mku;j;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. mg;NghJ
mjw;nfd Nkyjpf nryNtw;gLk;.
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rl;lj;jpw;fika Kiwahd gjpT fs;
,y;yhj gbapdhy; Neubahd fpuak;
mq;fpy;iy. MapDk; (m) tiuglj;ij
itg;gpy; itj;J mj;jhl;rpgj;jpuk; toq;Fk;
ehLfspy; (M) ru;r;irfs; Vw;gL ifapy;
gjpg;Gupikia epiy epWj;j nryTfs;
Mfyhk;.
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ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;fhd ghJfhg;G
ty;yik nghUe;jpajhfTk; jw;nrayhf
nra;ag;gl;l Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfjpuhfTk;
ghJfhg;gspg;gNjhL gjpT mj;jhl;rpg;gj;jpuk;
rl;l tpNuhj mj;J kPWjYf;F vjpuhd Kf;fpa
rhl;rpahf mikfpd;wJ. mjid ngWtjw;F
epjp nryTk; Kfhikj;Jt Kaw;rpAk;
NjitahdJld; mJ nfhLf;Fk; ghJfhg;G
fhy vy;iyAk; FiwthdjhFk;.
tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;f gjpT Nkw;nfhs;sg;
glhtplj;J mt;tiuglk; jahupg;gjpy; Vw;gl;l
xt;nthU gbepiyiaAk; rupahd jpfjpapl;L
Kiwgb ifnahg;gkpl;L Mtzfhg;gpy;
itf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; rl;l tpNuhj mj;J kPWjy;
elf;Fk; Ntisapy; cupa eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
Tobleronefi which is a trademark registered bythe Kraft Foods Group '1986
22
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xU tpahghu rpd;dk; Kg;gupkhz rpd;dkh
vd;gij fz;lwpa IP Kftupd; cjtpia
ehLtJ crpjkhapUf;Fk;.
tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G xU FWfpa fhy vy;iy
tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;ljhf (10-25 tUlq;fs;)
,Uf;ifapy; tpahghu rpd;dq;fs; jpUk;gj;
jpUk;g fhy tiuapd;wp GJg;gpf;ff; $bajhf
,Ug;gjhy; $ba mD$ykhapUf; fpd;wJ.
tpahghu rpd;dj;ij gjptjw; Fk; tbtikg;ig
gjptjw;Fk; ,il apy; fhak; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;.
rl;lKiwikfspd; gb ,Utif ghJfhg;Gk;
,ize;jpUf;fyhk;.
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cq;fs; tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;Fkh ?
mNdf ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbt ikg;Gf;fs;
Kiwaw;w Nghl;bf;nfjp uhd rl;lq;fshy;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;L Kiwaw;w Nghl;bfis
jtpu;f;fpd;wd. Kf;fpakhf ePr;rj;jdkhd
gpujpnra;j iyAk; Fog;gijijAk; Nghypfs;
jahupj;jiyAk; my;yJ %d;whk; egupd;
nry;thf;if gohf;FjiyAk; jLf;fpd;wd.
vg;gbahfpYk; ,r;rl;lj; jpd; gpufhuk; fpilfLk;
ghJfhg;G gytPdkhdJk; rl;l tpNuhj
mj;JkPWjy;fis ep&gpj;jYk; fbdkhdjhFk;.
23
mDge;jk; 1 – gad;jUk; ,izaj;jsq;fs;
Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F:
tHj;jf Nehf;fpw;fhd Vida mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpikfs;:
w w w.wipo.int/sme/
njhopy;Jiw tbtikg;Gfs;:
w w w.wipo.int/about-ip/en/
ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gfis gjpT nra;tJld; njhlHGila> gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk;
Njrpa hPjpapy; mike;Js;s mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpik mYtyfq;fs; gw;wp mwpa
w w w.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp
njhopw;Jiw tbtikg;G rHtNjr itg;Gld; gw;wpa `Fap Xg;ge;jk;:
w w w.wipo.int/hague/en/
njhopw;Jiw tbtikg;G rHtNjr itg;Gld; njhlHGila yfHNdh Xg;ge;jk;:
w w w.wipo.int/classifications
(yfHNdh Xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo;)
kj;jpa];jk; kw;Wk; eLepiy:
http://arbiter.wipo.int/
24
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w.wipo.int/sme/
gpd; ,izg;G I I - ,izaj;js tpyhrq;fs
Njrpa gpuhe;jpa mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik fhupahyaq;fs;.
Mgpupf;f mwpTrhu; nrhj;J fofk w w w.oapi.wipo.net
my;[Pupah w w w.inapi.org
my;ghdpah w w w.alpto.gov.al
mz;Nlhuh w w w.ompa.ad
Mu;[d;ildh w w w.inpi.gov.ar
Mu;Nkdpah w w w.armpatent.org
mT];jpNuypah w w w.ipaustralia.gov.au
x];wpah w w w.patent.bmvit.gv.at
g`Nud; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa/bahrainframe.htm
ghu;gNlh]; w w w.caipo.org
ngyhup]; w w w.belgospatent.org/english/about/history.html
ngy;[pak; w w w.mineco.fgov.be
ngy;]p w w w.belipo.bz
ngdpyf;]; w w w.boip.int
ngzpd; w w w.oapi.wipo.net
ngyPtpah w w w.senapi.gov.bo
nghl;];thdh w w w.aripo.org
gpNurpy; w w w.inpi.gov.br
gy;Nupah w w w.bpo.bg
Gu;fpdh gN]h w w w.oapi.wipo.net
GWz;b w w w.oapi.wipo.net
fk;G+r;rpah w w w.moc.gov.kh
fkNwhz w w w.oapi.wipo.net
fdlh w w w.opic.gc.ca
kj;jpa Mgpupf;f FbauR w w w.oapi.wipo.net
rhl; w w w.oapi.wipo.net
rpyp w w w.dpi.cl
rPdh w w w.sipo.gov.cn
rPdh(nfhq;nfhq -SAR) w w w.ipd.gov.hk
rPdh (kf;fhNth) w w w.economia.gov.mo
rPdh (khu;f;];) w w w.saic.gov.cn
nfhnyhk;gpah w w w.sic.gov.co
nfhq;Nfh w w w.oapi.wipo.net
nfh];lh wpf;fh w w w.registronacional.go.cr
25
Nfhl; By;Nthup w w w.oapi.wipo.net
nfhNuh~pah w w w.dziv.hr
fpA+gh w w w.ocpi.cu
irg;gpu]; w w w.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/drcor/drcor.nsf
nrf; FbauR w w w.upv.cz
nfhq;Nfh [dehaf FbayR w w w.oapi.wipo.net
nld;khu;f w w w.dkpto.dk
nlhkpdpad; FbauR w w w.seic.gov.do/onapi
vfpg;J w w w.egypo.gov.eg
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v];Nlhdpah w w w.epa.ee
,A+uh]pad; Mf;fcupik fhupahyak w w w.eapo.org
INuh;gpa A+dpad;(cs;@u; re;ijia
xOq;fikj;jy; OHIM) w w w.oami.eu.int
gpd;yhe;J w w w.prh.fi
gpuhd;] w w w.inpi.fr
fNghz; w w w.oapi.wipo.net
nfk;gpah w w w.aripo.org
[pNah[pah w w w.sakpatenti.org.ge
N[u;kdp w w w.dpma.de
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fpuP]; ehL w w w.obi.gr
n`hd;Luh] w w w.sic.gob.hn/pintelec/indice.htm
`q;Nfhup w w w.mszh.hu/english/index.html
I];yhe;J w w w.patent.is/focal/webguard.nsf/key2/indexeng.html
,e;jpah w w w.ipindia.nic.in
,e;NjhdPrpah w w w.dgip.go.id
mau;yhe;J w w w.patentsoffice.ie
,];uNty; w w w.justice.gov.il
,j;jhyp w w w.uibm.gov.it
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N[hu;jhd; w w w.mit.gov.jo
f]f];jhd; w w w.kazpatent.org/english
nfd;dpah w w w.aripo.org
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yhNth[pa kf;fs; FbauR w w w.stea.la.wipo.net
yjPtpah w w w.lrpv.lv
26
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nygdhd; w w w.economy.gov.lb
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ypr;nrd;];Bd; w w w.european-patent-office.org
ypj;Jthdpah w w w.vpb.lt
yf;];]k;Nghu;f w w w.etat.lu/ec
kyhtp w w w.aripo.org
kNyrpah w w w.mipc.gov.my
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nkf;rpf;Nfh w w w.impi.gob.mx
nkhdhf;Nfh w w w.european-patent-0ffice.org/patlib/country/monaco
nkghd;NldpFNuh w w w.yupat.sv.gov.yu
nkhuhf;Nfh w w w.ompic.org.ma
nkhrhk;gpf w w w.aripo.org
ekPgpah w w w.aripo.org
neghy; w w w.ip.np.wipo.net
neju;yhe;J w w w.octrooicentrum.nl
epA+rPyhe;J w w w.iponz.govt.nz
iefu; w w w.oapi.wipo.net
Nehu;Nt w w w.patentstyret.no
Xkhd; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
gdhkh w w w.digerpi.gob.pa
NgU w w w.indecopi.gob.pe
gpypg;igd;] w w w.ipophil.gov.ph
Nghyhe;J www.business.gov.pl/Intellectual,property,protection,90.html
Nghj;Jf;fy; w w w.inpi.pt
fl;lhu; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
nfhupa FbauR w w w.kipo.go.kr
nkhy;Njhth FbauR w w w.agepi.md
nwhkhdpah w w w.osim.ro
&rpaFbauRfs w w w.rupto.ru
Nrd; tpd;rd;l kw;Wk; fpudPbd;] 196.1.161.62/govt/cipo/index.asp
rTjp mNugpah w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
nrdfy; w w w.oapi.wipo.net
Nru;gpah w w w.yupat.sv.gov.yu
rPuh nyNdhd w w w.aripo.org
rpq;fg;G+u; w w w.ipos.gov.sg
Rnyhtpf; FbauR w w w.indprop.gov.sk
27
RNyhtPdpah w w w.uil-sipo.si/Default.htm
Nrhkhypah w w w.aripo.org
njd; Mgpupf;fh w w w.cipro.gov.za
];ngapd; w w w.oepm.es
Rlhd; w w w.aripo.org
Rth]ptyhe;J w w w.aripo.org
RtPld; w w w.prv.se
Rtpl;ru;yhe;J w w w.ige.ch
rPupad; mNugpa FbauR w w w.himaya.net
j[pfp];jghd; w w w.tipat.org
jha;yhe;J w w w.ipthailand.org
Kd;dhs; nrf;nfh];NyhNtf;fpa
Fbaurhd nkrpNlhdpah w w w.ippo.gov.mk
NlhNfh w w w.oapi.wipo.net
bupdplhl;Lk; nlhghNfhTk; w w w.ipo.gov.tt/home.asp
^dP]pah w w w.inorpi.ind.tn
JUf;fp w w w.turkpatent.gov.tr
Nju;nkdp];jhd; w w w.eapo.org
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cf;Nuapd; w w w.sdip.gov.ua
If;fpa mNugpa vkpNul;Lf;fs; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; w w w.patent.gov.uk
If;fpa ju;]hzpa FbauR w w w.aripo.org
If;fpa mnkupf;fh w w w.uspto.gov
cUNf w w w.dnpi.gub.uy
c];ngf;fp];jhd; w w w.patent.uz
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nakd; w w w.most.org.ye
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rpk;ghNt w w w.aripo.org
Fwpg;G:
NkYk; rupahd tpgukwpa www.wipo.int/members/en/ kw;Wk
www.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp vd;w jsq;fis juprpf;fTk;.
28
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gpd;dpizg;G III - yf;fhu;Ndhxg;ge;jk;
yf;fhu;Ndh ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;fhd ru;tNjr tifg;gLj;jy; xg;ge;jk;;
tifg;gLj;jy; gl;bay;.1. czTg; nghUl;fs;
2. cLGlitfSk; rpy;yiu cLg;G tpahghuKk;
3. gazg;nghjpfs; Ntnwq;Fk; Fwpg;gplhj ciwfs; Filfs; Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l ghtid
nghUl;fs;
4. Jilg;gq;fs;
5. ntl;Lj;Jzpfs;. ,aw;ifahd nraw;ifahd nraw;ifahd tpupg;Gfs;
6. jsghlq;fs;
7. Ntnwq;Fk; Fwpg;glglhj tPl;L ghtidg;nghUl;fs;
8. cgfuzq;fSk; Aj;j jsghlq;fSk;
9. nghUl;fis vLj;Jnry;y Njitahd nghjpfs; my;yJ fd;nla;du;fs;
10. kzpf;$Lfs;> iff;fbfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; mstpLk; cgfuzq;fs;
11. mzpfyq;fs;
12. Nghf;Ftuj;J rhjdq;fs;
13. kpd;cw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; jd;ik khw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
14. xypg;gjpT> njhlu;ghly;> jfty; njlu;G rhjdq;fs;
15. ntW ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplhj ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs;
16. Gifg;gl. rpdpkh kw;Wk; xspAld; njhlughd rhjdq;fs;
17. thj;jpa fUtpfs;
18. mr;R kw;Wk; fhupahya cgfuzq;fs;
19. fhfpjhjpfs; kw;Wk; fhupahya cgfuzq;fs;
20. tpw;gid> tpsk;guq;fSf;fhd cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; FwpaPLfs;
21. tpisahl;Lf;fs;. tpisahl;L nghUl;fs; nld;l; Nghd;wit
22. NghuhAjq;fs;> thdNtbf;iffs;> Ntl;ilahl ghtpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kPd; gpbf;f kw;Wk;
fpUkp ehrdpfs;
23. jputg;nghUl;fis tpepNahfpf;Fk; rhjdq;fs;>#lhf;Fk; Fsp&l;Lk; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk;
jplnghUspyhd vupnghUs;
24. itj;jpa> gupNrhjid$l cgfuzq;fs;
25. fl;bl jsghlq;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk;
26. xspA+l;Lk; rghjdq;fs;
27. GifapiyAk; Gif gpbf;f ghtpf;Fk; nghUl;fSk;
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