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Lipids. A Family of Hydrophobic Macromolecules. Lipid Facts. Fat: Oil: Contribute 30-50% of calories for Americans . Lipids are primarily consumed for energy Diverse groups:. Lipid Facts Continued. Types of Lipids. 4 major sub-groups: 1) Glycerides (fats) 2) Phospholipids - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Lipid Facts
• Fat:
• Oil:
• Contribute 30-50% of calories for Americans
• .
• Lipids are primarily consumed for energy • Diverse groups:
• Lipid + Carbohydrate =(cell signalling and attaching)
• Lipid + Phosphate =(cell membranes)
• Lipid + Protein = (cell signalling, structure, attaching)
Lipids Attached to…
Glycerides (Fats)• .
• .
• Glycerides are defined by their fatty acid components:– Number (1 to 3 fatty acid)– Length– Degree of saturation (referring to if double bonds between carbons
are present or not)
Glycerol
• .
• .
GLYCEROLSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Glycerin_Skelett.svg
Fatty Acids• .
• Usually hydrophobic (can be amphipathic)
• Monglycerides = 1 fatty acid
• Diglycerides = 2 fatty acids
• Triglycerides = 3 fatty acids
Naming Glycerides
Saturated • . • .• . • .• Implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD) • Meats, dairy
Unsaturated • .• .• .• .
• Less stable to off flavor development • Vegetables, legumes, fish
• Polyunsaturated:
• Highly Unsaturated:
• Omega 3 Fatty Acids – Good for reducing CHD – High in fish
Linolenic Acid, an Omega 3 Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acids• .
• .
• Trans double bonds– .– .– .
• Cis double bonds– .– .– .
Phospholipids • .• .• .• Cell membrane• Amphipathic:
– Phosphate head = hydrophillic– Fatty acid tails = hydrophobic
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phospholipid.svg
• Form micelles, liposomes or bilayers in water
• Cell membranes (selectively permeable) are composed of bilayers of phospholipids.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram.svg
Steroids• .
• .
• .
• Also a membrane component
CHOLESTEROLSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cholesterol.svg
PROGESTERONESource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Progesterone-2D-skeletal.png
TESTOSTERONESource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Testosterone_structure.png
Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Steroidfromcholesterol.PNG
Steroids made from Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Why is cholesterol important in the body?
• . • .• . • .
Foods high in cholesterol • Organ meats • Eggs • Shellfish
CONNECTION
Anabolic steroids pose health risks• Anabolic steroids are natural and synthetic
variants of the male hormone testosterone– Build up bone and muscle mass– Can cause serious health problems
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