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Extracted slides from a presentation at Seminar on Knowledge Organization,
School of Information and Library ScienceUniversity of North Carolina, 2010-03-29
Marcia ZengKent State University
KOS = knowledge organization systems{thesaurus, classification systems, taxonomies, subject heading lists, picklists, ontologies}
2
Illustration of triples
subjects predicates subjectsobjects
predicates objects
17
3
3
1
2
1 2
Background image borrowed from Andrea Kosavic: The Semantic Web, (some of) what you need to
know. OLA Superconference 2009.01.30. Compiled by mzeng 2009-03-06.
3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD
From Wikepedia to dbpedia, a linked data example
4http://dbpedia.org/page/Antoni_Gaudí
4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things
1. Use URIs as names for things
2. Use http URIs
3. When someone looks up a name, provide useful [RDF] information
1
2 3
5
[related subject categories, for further exploration]
[labels for this person]
See next
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Subject category as ‘resource’
Wikipedia’s classification
Has broader concepts
Concept’s label
Has narrower concept
Any of these resources will bring to other linked datahttp://dbpedia.org/page/
Category:Spanish_architects
Back to the triples:
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http://www.example.org/index.htmldc.language
en
http://www.example.org/index.htmlskos:subject Health care
(conceptID)
properties & values
Metadata
Schemas
Metadata
SchemasKOS KOS
Vocabularies supporting sharable data
1
1
2
2
3
3
…
bibo -- Bibilographic ontology cc -- Creative Commons ontology damltime -- Time Zone ontology doap -- Description of a Project ontology event -- Event ontology foaf -- Friend-of-a-Friend ontology frbr -- Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records geo -- Geo wgs84 ontology geonames -- GeoNames ontology mo -- Music Ontology opencyc -- OpenCyc knowledge base owl -- Web Ontology Language pim_contact -- PIM (personal information
management) Contacts ontology po -- Programmes Ontology (BBC) rss -- Really Simple Syndicate (1.0)
ontology sioc -- Socially Interlinked Online
Communities ontology sioc_types -- SIOC extension skos -- Simple Knowledge Organization
System umbel -- Upper Mapping and Binding
Exchange Layer ontology wordnet -- WordNet lexical ontology yandex_foaf – FOAF extension ontology
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Linked Data -- class diagram
http://umbel.org/lod_constellation.html
LCSH: http://id.loc.gov Dewey Decimal Classification:
http://dewey.info The New York Times Thesaurus:
http://data.nytimes.com/ Other LC vocabularies Many other thesauri
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human-readable
Has alternative labels
has broader concepts
has narrower concepts
has related concept
has similar conceptin another scheme
1has preferred
label
1
LCSH: http://id.loc.gov
1
2
has alternative labels
Has these broader
concepts
3
machine-processable
Has these narrower concepts
http://dewey.info/ human-readable
13
1
has notation
has preferred label
has narrower concept/class
http://dewey.info/class/6/2009/03/about.de.rdf
http://dewey.info/class/6/2009/03/about.de.html
2
3
http://dewey.info/class/641/about
has caption
食品 & 饮料
食品 & 饮料
食品 & 饮料
ddc22 Class 641
ddc22 Class 641
641641has notation
-- [With Michael Panther, Dewey Decimal Classification, OCLC]
1. Extension of SKOS (papers and presentations at pre-ISKO2008 and DC2009)
2. Using OWL 2 to express complex classes and relationships (paper at ISKO 2010)
15
Complex class expressions are Complex class expressions are needed forneeded for
synthesized classes synthesized classes
1. by adding numbers from other parts of the schedule, 2. by adding numbers from a table, or 3. by basing it on a pattern defined in another part of
the schedule.
Auxiliary tables
rules
combine
add
Subject schedule
A
Subject schedule
B1
2
2follow
3
To accommodate new subjects and reflect the nature of interdisciplinary, instructions are provided to the classifier to construct a number in practice:
Classification numbers may be built according to rules
Theoretically unlimited classes can be built Example from DDC:821.008 Collections of English poetry
is built with
82 (following the instruction at 820.1-828 Subdivisions of English literature)
plus 100 (following the instruction at T3B--1001-T3B--1009 Standard subdivisions; collections; history, description, critical appraisal)
plus 8 Collections of literary texts from the add table at T3B--1-T3B--8 Specific forms.
821 English poetry 821.008 English poetry--collections 821.00803543 Love--poetry--English literature--collections, . . . 821.0080355 English poetry--social themes--collections, . . . 821.008036 English poetry--nature--collections, . . . 821.0080382 English poetry--religious themes--collections, . . . 821.009 English poetry--history and criticism 821.04 English poetry--lyric poetry, . . . 821.0708 Humorous poetry--English literature--collections, . . . http://ddc.typepad.com/025431/ddc_tip_of_the_week/
Source: One Zero or Two? Dewey Blog. September 28, 2006
rules
Example from DDC 025.04 Information Storage and Retrieval Systems
Special types of concepts◦ Non-assignable concepts◦ Concepts in auxiliary tables
Index terms Class–topic relationships Internal structure of notes Alternative classification notations Orders/sequences of coordinate
classes
Class expressionBuilt classes
Classes to be built according to rules and instructions◦ Class : Class◦ Class + Auxiliary
Table ◦ Class + Added Table◦ Class + implied
example
Relationship expression
Typical Class-to-class ◦ SubClassOf◦ DisjointClasses◦ EquivelantClassesMore complicated◦ Class-to-class◦ Class-to-topic
Index terms ‘Class-here’ ‘Class-elsewhere’ ‘See’ reference …
Summers, E. and Guenther R. (2009). SKOS, id.loc.gov and the World of Linked Data. NKOS/CENDI Workshop 2009. http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/2009workshop/EdSummersRebeccaGuenther.pdf
Kobilarov, G. et al. (2009). Media Meets Semantic Web – How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Connections. L. Aroyo et al. (Eds.): ESWC 2009, LNCS 5554, pp. 723–737, 2009. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009. http://www.georgikobilarov.com/publications/2009/eswc2009-bbc-dbpedia.pdf
Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web. W3C. http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/CommonVocabularies
Panzer, M. and Zeng, M. (2009) Modeling Classification Systems in SKOS: Some Challenges and Best-Practice Recommendations. Proceedings of DC2009, Oct. 2009, Seoul, Korea http://dcpapers.dublincore.org/ojs/pubs/article/viewArticle/974
Zeng, M., Panzer, M. and Salaba, A. (2010). Expressing Classification Schemes with OWL 2 Web Ontology Language--Issues and Opportunities. Proceedings of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) 2010 Conference, Feb., 2010, Rome.
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