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Problem Tree AnalysisLogical Frame Work
Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem
Reveal how little we know as outsiders, which encourages those who do know to participate
Identify potential winners and losers as a result of the Identify potential winners and losers as a result of the
project
Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project
impacts
Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Identify those who have the rights, interests, resources, skills & abilities to take part
Influence the course of the projectIdentify who should be encouraged to take part in the
project planning and implementationproject planning and implementation
Identify and reduce risks which might involve identifying
possible conflicts of interestinterestinterestinterest and expectationexpectationexpectationexpectation.
What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?
An undesired situation
The difference between what exists and
what should bewhat should beThe difference between
reality andexpectation
Problems are
Varying in terms of level (local, regional, national, global, etc)
MultifacetedMultifaceted
Different to
differentpeople
Activities Outputs Outcomes
Logical Framework ModelCourtesy: W.G. Kellogg Foundation
Example of a Logical Frame
Inadequate
Baby feeding
High level of baby
deaths
Infectious diseases
Inadequate
vaccination
Epidemic diseases
No clean
drinking water
Limited access
to health
Ignorance of
mothers on
nutrition
vaccination drinking water
Inadequate
infrastructure
Inadequate
health clinics
services
No purification
system in the tire
factory
Faulty sewage
system
Low income
level
UnemploymentLow level
education
Problem Tree Problem Tree Problem Tree Problem Tree AnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis
Analyzing the cause/effect relationships between problems
Key Key Key Key
EFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTS
CAUSESCAUSESCAUSESCAUSES
Key Key Key Key
PROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMS
Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…A learning process An opportunity for different views and interests to be presented and discussed
Undertaken as a group activity involving people who can contribute relevant technical and local knowledgecontribute relevant technical and local knowledge
Simple and practical – if it becomes too complicated, its usefulness in
the rest of the design process is limited.
DON’Ts DON’Ts DON’Ts DON’Ts in Problem Tree Analysis
Don’t assume knowledge of problems
Don’t assume knowledge of causal relationships
Don’t manipulate; facilitate the identification of Don’t manipulate; facilitate the identification of
the KEY problems.
Problem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsDetermine the scope of the analysisIdentify people/stakeholdersList the problemsIdentify the CORE problemIdentify CAUSES and EFFECTS
Arrange the causes at the ROOTS of the treeArrange the causes at the ROOTS of the treeArrange the effects on the BRANCHESV{xv~ à{x ÄÉz|v tá à{x ÑÜÉuÄxÅ àÜxx |á vÉÇáàÜâvàxw
Example of a Problem Tree
low agricultural output
Objective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective Analysis
An Objective Tree is similar to a problem tree, except
that it looks at
objectivesrather than rather than
problems.
ProblemProblem Objective
High rate of High rate of
child deathschild deaths of child deathsof child deaths
To reduce the rate To reduce the rate
of child deathsof child deaths
Negative to Positive
High rate of High rate of infectious diseasedinfectious diseased
To reduce the rate ofTo reduce the rate of
infectious diseasesinfectious diseases
Issues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider are
Benefits to primary stakeholdersLikelihood of achieving the objectivesWhether the problem is already being addressed
CostCost
RisksSustainability
Environmental impact
lÉâÜ eÉÄx Think
Talk and Discuss
Act on what you hear
Be burdened
If you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYto make a to make a to make a to make a
difference!!difference!!difference!!difference!!
“Our death is not not not not an endendendend, if we can live on in
our children.
For they are us, our bodies are only wilted bodies are only wilted
leaves on the tree of lifetree of lifetree of lifetree of life.”
TÄuxÜà X|Çáàx|Ç
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