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• Length and complexity of
supply chains
• Meat can cross many
borders…
• Processed food –
• multiple ingredients
• non carcase protein
consumption
• composite food
Global trade
• What factors are changing that if they all came together
would be .... The perfect storm... The perfect
opportunity to lose product integrity, provenance or the
environment for food crime to flourish?
• How vulnerable is the poultry supply chain?
• Waste oil used in animal feed – dioxin contamination –
Germany (2011)
• Operation Aberdeen (2001)
• Chicken tumbling to add water …..
Horizon scanning
Operation Aberdeen
• Investigation into a large-scale fraud involving the
diversion of unfit poultry meat into the food chain from a
pet food plant at Denby Poultry Products.
• Purchased waste meat at £25/tonne sold on for human
consumption at £1500/tonne.
• Led to conviction at Nottingham Crown Court in August
2003 of six out of ten defendants.
• Custodial sentences of up to six years were imposed.
• Commodity price trends
• Pressure on retail prices
• The value of substitution
to the food criminal
Economy
NcNair – Wheel of retailing 1958 (Adapted)
Entry Phase –
low status, low price, limited product offering, low standards
including in supply chain?
Trading – up
Phase
Higher status, higher prices, extended product offering, fashion orientated, essential and higher value services
Vulnerability Phase
Top heaviness, declining ROI including in supply chain? Creating opportunity for an incoming price
orientated retailer
Reasons behind movement in the wheel include:
• Deterioration of managerial ability over time;
• Excess capacity in the retail sector;
• Secular trends believing that the consumer is prepared to pay more for a product feature or service and then there is a “social” change;
• Scrambled merchandising between higher value and traded products;
(Brown , nd)
Retailing
The business of selling things directly to customers for their own use.
The functions and activities involved in the selling of commodities directly to consumers.
What does the poultry sector need to consider with regard to product integrity?
How vulnerable is an integrated supply
chain?
Risk strategies
• Integrity
• Product
• Process
• Countermeasures
• Validation
• Verification
• Horizon scanning
• Known hazards
• Unknown hazards
Environment
Economy Community
Lebel model
Dr Louise Manning
Senior Lecturer in Food Production Management
Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, UK
Contact: Email louise.manning@rau.ac.uk
• Operation Aberdeen - http://tna.europarchive.org/20130814101929/http://www.food.gov.uk/about-us/how-we-
work/our-board/boardmeetoccasionalpapers/2004/paperinfo03_12_02
• Photos – brcbookshop.com; fao.org; poultryhub.org;
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