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LecturePLUS Timberlake 1
Chapter 2
Atoms and Elements
2.1 Elements and Symbols
2.2 Periodic Table
LecturePLUS Timberlake 2
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known todayExamples: carbon
goldcalcium
LecturePLUS Timberlake 3
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium
LecturePLUS Timberlake 4
Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
LecturePLUS Timberlake 5
% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
LecturePLUS Timberlake 6
Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
LecturePLUS Timberlake 7
Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
LecturePLUS Timberlake 8
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phogiston3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
LecturePLUS Timberlake 9
Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
LecturePLUS Timberlake 10
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 11
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
LecturePLUS Timberlake 12
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
LecturePLUS Timberlake 13
Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LecturePLUS Timberlake 14
Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
LecturePLUS Timberlake 15
Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Alkaline
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
LecturePLUS Timberlake 16
Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition
elements
LecturePLUS Timberlake 17
Periods on the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
LecturePLUS Timberlake 18
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
LecturePLUS Timberlake 19
Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3
2) magnesium
LecturePLUS Timberlake 20
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
LecturePLUS Timberlake 21
Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
LecturePLUS Timberlake 22
Metals and Nonmetals
Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
LecturePLUS Timberlake 23
Metals and Nonmetals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
Transition metals
LecturePLUS Timberlake 24
Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
LecturePLUS Timberlake 25
Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
LecturePLUS Timberlake 26
Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
LecturePLUS Timberlake 27
Solution
A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As
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