Lecture Presentation - Calhoun Physics · Slide 1-3 Reading Question 1.1 What is the difference...

Chapter 1

Lecture Presentation

Representing Motion

Lecture Presentation

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Chapter Assignment #’s 65, 67, & RT-2

Chapter Goal: To introduce the fundamental concepts of motion and to review related basic mathematical principles.

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Reading Question 1.1What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A. Speed is an average quantity while velocity is not.B. Velocity contains information about the direction of

motion while speed does not.C. Speed is measured in mph, while velocity is measured

in m/s.D. The concept of speed applies only to objects that are

neither speeding up nor slowing down, while velocity applies to every kind of motion.

E. Speed is used to measure how fast an object is moving in a straight line, while velocity is used for objects moving along curved paths.

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Reading Question 1.1What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A. Speed is an average quantity while velocity is not.B. Velocity contains information about the direction of

motion while speed does not.C. Speed is measured in mph, while velocity is measured

in m/s.D. The concept of speed applies only to objects that are

neither speeding up nor slowing down, while velocity applies to every kind of motion.

E. Speed is used to measure how fast an object is moving in a straight line, while velocity is used for objects moving along curved paths.

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Reading Question 1.2The quantity 2.67 × 103 has how many significant figures?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4E. 5

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Reading Question 1.2The quantity 2.67 × 103 has how many significant figures?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4E. 5

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Reading Question 1.3The correct SI units for distance and mass are

A. Feet, pounds.B. Centimeters, grams.C. Meters, grams.D. Meters, kilograms.

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Reading Question 1.3The correct SI units for distance and mass are

A. Feet, pounds.B. Centimeters, grams.C. Meters, grams.D. Meters, kilograms.

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Reading Question 1.4If Sam walks 100 m to the right, then 200 m to the left, his net displacement vector

A. Points to the right.B. Points to the left.C. Has zero length.D. Cannot tell without more information.

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Reading Question 1.4If Sam walks 100 m to the right, then 200 m to the left, his net displacement vector

A. Points to the right.B. Points to the left.C. Has zero length.D. Cannot tell without more information.

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Reading Question 1.5Velocity vectors point

A. In the same direction as displacement vectors.B. In the opposite direction as displacement vectors.C. Perpendicular to displacement vectors.D. In the same direction as acceleration vectors.E. Velocity is not represented by a vector.

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Reading Question 1.5Velocity vectors point

A. In the same direction as displacement vectors.B. In the opposite direction as displacement vectors.C. Perpendicular to displacement vectors.D. In the same direction as acceleration vectors.E. Velocity is not represented by a vector.

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Section 1.1 Motion: A First Look

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Types of Motion

• Motion is the change of an object’s position or orientation with time.

• The path along which an object moves is called the object’s trajectory.

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Making a Motion Diagram

• Constant Speed

• Speeding Up

• Slowing Down

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Making a Motion Diagram

• Motion in 2 Dimensions • Changes in Speed & Direction.

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Motion diagrams are made of two cars. Both have the same time interval between photos. Which car, A or B, is going slower?

Car A Car B

QuickCheck 1.1

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Motion diagrams are made of two cars. Both have the same time interval between photos. Which car, A or B, is going slower?

Car A Car B

QuickCheck 1.1

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The Particle Model

• A simplification

• Treat a moving object as if its mass were at a single point

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QuickCheck 1.2

Two runners jog along a track. The positions are shown at 1 s intervals. Which runner is moving faster?

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QuickCheck 1.2

Two runners jog along a track. The positions are shown at 1 s intervals. Which runner is moving faster?

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A

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QuickCheck 1.3

Two runners jog along a track. The times at each position are shown. Which runner is moving faster?

A. Runner AB. Runner BC. Both runners are moving at the same speed.

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QuickCheck 1.3

Two runners jog along a track. The times at each position are shown. Which runner is moving faster?

A. Runner AB. Runner BC. Both runners are moving at the same speed.

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Practice

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Section 1.2 Position and Time:Putting Numbers on Nature

Section 1.3 Velocity

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Position and Coordinate Systems

• Position needs• Origin

• a reference point • Distance from the origin• Direction from the origin

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Position and Coordinate Systems

• Coordinate System• an origin • an axis

• both positive and negative directions

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Position and Coordinate Systems

• The symbol that represents a position along an axis is called a coordinate.

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Time

• For a complete motion diagram we need to label each frame with its corresponding time (symbol t) as read off a clock.

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Changes in Position and Displacement

• A change of position is called a displacement.

• Displacement is the difference between a final position and an initial position:

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Change in Time

• In order to quantify motion, we’ll need to consider changes in time, which we call time intervals.

• Δt is always positive.

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QuickCheck 1.4

Maria is at position x = 23 m. She then undergoes a displacement x = –50 m. What is her final position?

A. –27 mB. –50 mC. 23 mD. 73 m

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QuickCheck 1.4

Maria is at position x = 23 m. She then undergoes a displacement x = –50 m. What is her final position?

A. –27 mB. –50 mC. 23 mD. 73 m

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QuickCheck 1.5

An ant zig-zags back and forth on a picnic table as shown.

The ant’s distance traveled and displacement are

A. 50 cm and 50 cmB. 30 cm and 50 cmC. 50 cm and 30 cmD. 50 cm and –50 cmE. 50 cm and –30 cm

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QuickCheck 1.5

An ant zig-zags back and forth on a picnic table as shown.

The ant’s distance traveled and displacement are

A. 50 cm and 50 cmB. 30 cm and 50 cmC. 50 cm and 30 cmD. 50 cm and –50 cmE. 50 cm and –30 cm

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Velocity and Speed

• Motion at a constant speed in a straight line is called uniform motion.

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Velocity and Speed

• Speed measures only how fast an object moves, but velocity tells us both an object’s speed and its direction.

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Practice

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Section 1.4 A Sense of Scale:Significant Figures, Scientific Notation,

and Units

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Scientific Notation

• What is the importance of Scientific Notation?• Efficiency• Number of Sig Figs• Tactics Box 1.2: Page 13

• Also…USE YOUR CALCULATOR

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Significant Figures

• Precision

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Significant Figures

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Significant Figures

• What is the importance of Significant Figures?• Digits that are reliably known.• Tactics Box 1.1: Page 12

• Multiplication and Division

• Addition and Subtraction

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QuickCheck 1.7

Rank in order, from the most to the least, the number of significant figures in the following numbers. For example, if b has more than c, c has the same number as a, and a has more than d, you would give your answer as b > c = a > d.

a. 8200 b. 0.0052 c. 0.430 d. 4.321 × 10–10

A. d > c > b = aB. a = b = d > cC. b = d > c > aD. d > c > a > bE. a = d > c > b

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QuickCheck 1.7

Rank in order, from the most to the least, the number of significant figures in the following numbers. For example, if b has more than c, c has the same number as a, and a has more than d, you would give your answer as b > c = a > d.

a. 8200 b. 0.0052 c. 0.430 d. 4.321 × 10–10

A. d > c > b = aB. a = b = d > cC. b = d > c > aD. d > c > a > bE. a = d > c > b

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2 2 43

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Units

• le Système International d’Unités or SI Units.

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Estimation

• A one-significant-figure estimate or calculation is called an order-of-magnitude estimate.

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Practice

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More Practice

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Labs: What is expected?

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Lab Write-Ups Will Include

• Your Name – 1pt• Your Partner’s Name(s) – 1pt • Title – 1pt• Background – 2pts• Materials – 2pts• Procedure – 2pts• Data – 2pts• Calculations – 2pts• Conclusions – 2 pts

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Cover Page

• Your Name• First Name First• Last Name Last

• Partner’s Name(s)• List in Alpha Order by Last Name

• Title• Should not include the word “Lab”

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Basic Information

• Background• Written in Essay Form• Gives the reader an understanding of the basic physics

needed to follow your work

• Materials• Bullet List• Everything you used to complete the lab

• Procedure• Numbered List• Describing all steps taken to complete the lab

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The Heart of the Lab• Data

• Charts• Calculated and Measured Information

• Graphs• Pictures

• Calculations• By hand but scanned • Givens, Formula, Sub w/Units, Final Ans. w/Units

• Conclusions• Written in Essay Form• Uses evidence from and refers back to data/procedures/calculations• Cite Specific Examples and Numbers

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Other

• Works Cited Page• Should be in it but we are leaving it out

• Do NOT Plagiarize • Text Book• Internet• Partners

• Groups Can Have Identical• Titles• Materials• Procedure• Data

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Lab

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Calculate the Height of Calhoun High School

• 1 Protractor per Group• 1 Meter Stick per Group• 1 30m Measuring Tape per Class• Clip Boards• Pen• Paper• Calculator• Calhoun High School

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Section 1.5 Vectors and Motion:A First Look

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Scalars and Vectors

• A scalar quantity is a number with a unit (size)• A vector quantity is a quantity that has both a size and a

direction • We graphically represent a vector as an arrow.• The size or length of a vector is called its magnitude.

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Displacement Vectors

• An object’s displacement vector is drawn, in a straight line, from the object’s initial position to its final position, regardless of the actual path followed between these two points.

• It has length (magnitude) and direction© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Vector Addition

• The net displacement for a trip with two legs is the sum of the two displacements that made it up.

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Text: p. 17

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QuickCheck 1.6

Given vectors and , what is ?

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QuickCheck 1.6

Given vectors and , what is ?

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A.

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Velocity Vectors

The motion diagram for a car starting from rest

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Practice

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More Practice

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