Lecture 4 The Early Renaissance (1500 AD) Late Renaissance (1600 AD) Baroque (1700 AD)

Lecture 4Lecture 4

The Early Renaissance The Early Renaissance (1500 AD)(1500 AD)

Late Renaissance (1600 AD)Late Renaissance (1600 AD)Baroque (1700 AD)Baroque (1700 AD)

Sejarah Senibina BaratSejarah Senibina Barat

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Naziaty Mohd YaacobNaziaty Mohd Yaacob

Renaissance 15Renaissance 15thth Century Century Florence is an Italian city Florence is an Italian city

that became famous as that became famous as the birthplace of the the birthplace of the Renaissance. Renaissance.

Such great artists as Such great artists as Leonardo da Vinci, Fra Leonardo da Vinci, Fra Angelico, Giotto, and Angelico, Giotto, and Michelangelo produced Michelangelo produced many of Florence's many of Florence's magnificent paintings and magnificent paintings and sculptures. Great writers sculptures. Great writers who lived in the city who lived in the city included Giovanni included Giovanni Boccaccio, Dante, and Boccaccio, Dante, and Petrarch. Petrarch. From World Book © 2001 World Book, Inc., 233 N. Michigan Avenue,

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Leonardo's scientific drawings Leonardo's scientific drawings include his famous study of human include his famous study of human proportions called proportions called Vitruvian man Vitruvian man thatthat fits into the perfect shapes of the fits into the perfect shapes of the square and circle. square and circle. ..

Like other artists, Leonardo was Like other artists, Leonardo was interested in the proportions of the interested in the proportions of the human body. According to Vitruvius, human body. According to Vitruvius, the Roman architect, the parts of the the Roman architect, the parts of the body are related to one another in body are related to one another in ratios of whole numbers, and these ratios of whole numbers, and these ratios should be used in the design ratios should be used in the design of architecture. of architecture.

Because of his inquiring mind, Because of his inquiring mind, Leonardo has become a symbol of Leonardo has become a symbol of the Renaissance spirit of learning the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity.and intellectual curiosity.

From World Book © 2001 World Book, Inc., 233 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60601. All rights reserved.Pen and ink (about 1492); Accademia, Venice, Italy (SCALA/Art Resource)

Renaissance ItalyRenaissance Italy Renaissance Italy Renaissance Italy

consisted of about 250 consisted of about 250 states, most of which states, most of which were ruled by a city. were ruled by a city. The Renaissance The Renaissance began during the began during the 1300's in the city-1300's in the city-states of northern states of northern Italy. Early centers of Italy. Early centers of the Renaissance the Renaissance included the cities of included the cities of Florence, Milan, and Florence, Milan, and Venice. Venice.

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FlorentinesFlorentines

The architect The architect Filippo Filippo Brunelleschi and Brunelleschi and the political the political analyst Niccolo analyst Niccolo Machiavelli were Machiavelli were born in Florence, born in Florence, and the and the astronomer astronomer Galileo did some Galileo did some of his work there. of his work there.

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Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s domedomeBrunelleschi Brunelleschi was was

the first the first Renaissance Renaissance architect to revive architect to revive the ancient Roman the ancient Roman style of style of architecture. He architecture. He incorporated incorporated arches, columns, arches, columns, and other and other elements of elements of classical classical architecture into architecture into his designs. his designs.

Brunelleschi's design contained two shells for the dome, an inner shell made of a lightweight material, and an outer shell of heavier wind-resistant materials, so that during construction because workers could sit atop the inner shell to build the outer shell of the dome. To support the dome Brunelleschi devised an ingenius ring and rib support from oak timbers. The rings hug both shells of the dome, and the supports run through them.

Brunelleschi’s Designs

Pazzi Chapel, Florence Vaults and domes

S Lorenzo, Florence (for Medici Family) Vaults and domes Basilican plan Added sacristy

Roman ideas followed

Alberti –Alberti – The Church of Sant' The Church of Sant'

Andrea in Mantua, Andrea in Mantua, Italy, was designed Italy, was designed by Leon Battista by Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-Alberti in the mid-1400's. The front 1400's. The front resembles a resembles a Roman temple with Roman temple with an arch.an arch.

(c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource (c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource

From World Book © 2001 World Book, Inc., 233 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60601. All rights reserved.SCALA/EPA

AlbertiAlberti

Santa Maria Novella in Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, is a Florence, Italy, is a leading example of leading example of Italian Renaissance Italian Renaissance architecture. The architecture. The church's facade was church's facade was designed by Leon designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the Battista Alberti in the mid-1400's. mid-1400's. (c) Gian Berto (c) Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource Vanni, Art Resource From World Book © 2001 World Book, Inc., 233 N.

Michigan Avenue, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60601. All rights reserved.© Gian Berto Vanni, Art Resource

High Renaissance,High Renaissance,

Late Renaissance & MannerismLate Renaissance & Mannerism

1616thth Century Century

High RenaissanceHigh Renaissance

BramanteBramante RaphaelRaphael SangalloSangallo MichelangeloMichelangelo

SangalloSangallo15th Century Palace in Florence with symmetrical plan, interesting cornice and courtyard (1489)

BramanteBramante

1493 Bramante added

a ‘tribune’ (domed crossing and choir) to Solari’s Gothic structure (1463).

Intended as a Mausoleum for the Sforza dukes.

Domed concealed by Conical roof.

Bramante

St. Peter’s RomeSt. Peter’s Rome

1506 – 16261506 – 1626

Bramante

Michelangelo

Sangallo

Interior of St Peter’s Rome from an 18th Century painting

St Peter’s Rome St Peter’s Rome

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The Palazzo VidoniCaffarelli in Rome(1515) By Raphael.Heavily rusticated groundstorey, below a ‘pianonobile’ with windows setbetween paired columns.

High renaissancecharacteristics.

Contrast Raphael’s High Renaissance building with Alberti’s (Early Renaissance)Plazzo Rucellai in Florence(1446-51)

Palazzo Farnese, lastof the High Renaissance, where five years later Palazzo Massimi became an example of Mannerist architecture.

ManneristMannerist

Biblioteca Laurenziana,Florence (1524-57) byMicelangelo.Mannerist traits usingIllogicality, like thecoupled columns on brackets. Also give contrast to the long perspective of thelibrary itself.

Medici Chapel in S. Lorenzo, Florence (begun 1521) by Michelangelo as a marriage of sculpture and architecture

Plan of the Capitol, Rome, laid out by Michelangelo (1538-1612). Sense of enclosure (left)Palazzo del Senatore (1573-1612) largely designed by Michelangelo. With raised basement storey giving prominence. Giant order of pilasters.Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, on the concourse.

ManneristMannerist

TopUse of rustification to createmonumental strength with playful details

BottomString course becomespediment.Using stucco like stone effect

Villa Rotonda(1550) ByPalladio

Absolute symmetry;Classicalproportions;Clear on plan

Palladio’s Palazzo Chiericati in Vicenza (1550)

Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture

1717thth Century Century

Planning the CityPlanning the City

Piazza at Piazza at St Peter’s St Peter’s Square Square by by BerniniBernini

At the At the Vatican Vatican CityCity

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BaroqueBaroqueArchitectureArchitecture Bernini’s Scala Bernini’s Scala

Regia in the Regia in the Vatican (1663-Vatican (1663-6) is made to 6) is made to seem longer seem longer by reducing by reducing the height and the height and width as it width as it ascends.ascends.

Bernini’s S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome (1658-78)

Borromini’s façadeof S. Carlo alle QuattroFontane in Rome(1667)Classic elements, withconcave plane set against convex.

Borromini’s S. Carlo alleQuattro Fontane, Rome(1633)

S. Ivo della Sapienza, Rome (1642-60). Borromini using planbased on a six point star with a fantastic dome developed

The façade of Sta Maria Della Pace, Rome (1656-7)by Cortona making the upper level curve contrastwith semi circular porchbelow creating tension.

Dome of theChapel of theSantissima Sindone,Turin Cathedral(1667-90)Guarini combinedGothic andIslamic Architecture and produce a unique dome builtup by segmentedarches on one another.Each pierced emittinglight.

Palazzo Carignano, Turin (begun 1678). Guarini givesinterest to façade by alternating concave and convexsections, derive from Bernini. Texture and ornament almost Arabic in character.

At S. Agnese, in Rome (begun) 1652), Borrominicreated the towers to beindependent of the plan andcreated a town planning(urban) interest.

Producing each towers as a Sculptural entity.

Renaissance outside of ItalyRenaissance outside of Italy

Versailles Palace in France (by Le Versailles Palace in France (by Le Vau from 1669)Vau from 1669)

Queen’s House in Greenwich in Queen’s House in Greenwich in England (by Inigo Jones from 1616-England (by Inigo Jones from 1616-35)35)

St. Paul’s Cathedral(by Christopher St. Paul’s Cathedral(by Christopher Wren from 1675 – 1710)Wren from 1675 – 1710)

The Queen’s House in Greenwich, England by Inigo Jones (1616 – 35)

St. Paul’sCathedral byChristopher Wren(1675-1710)

Chatsworth House, Derbyshire for the Duke of Devonshire,By William Talman (from 1686)

Bleinheim Palace, Oxfordshire by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor,English Baroque Architecture fine example (1705-24)

Blenheim PalaceBlenheim Palace

Great court Great court flanked by stable flanked by stable and kitchen and kitchen courts;courts;

Main axisMain axis Curving Curving

quadrantsquadrants

The EndThe End

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