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Page X1
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM ▪ OHIO JUDICIAL CENTER ▪ 65 S. FRONT STREET ▪ COLUMBUS, OH 43215 TELEPHONE 614.387.9327 ▪ TOLL FREE 800.826.9010 ▪ FACSIMILE 614.387.9529
www.supremecourtofohio.gov ▪ www.supremecourtofohio.gov/mentoring
LAWYER TO LAWYER MENTORING PROGRAM
WORKSHEET X INTRODUCTION TO OFFICE PERSONNEL
Worksheet X is intended to facilitate a discussion about the roles and responsibilities of paralegals, administrative assistants, and other office personnel and how to establish good working relationships with others in the same office who are support staff, colleagues, or senior.
* * * Explain to the new lawyer each non-lawyer employee’s role in the mentor’s office/firm,
including the employee’s title, job duties, and relationship to the new lawyer (if any) if in an in-house mentoring relationship.
Discuss the importance of having support staff on your team and treating them with
respect.
Share suggested “do’s and don’ts” of dealing with support staff, colleagues, and those more senior than the new lawyer.
If the new lawyer has an administrative assistant and/or paralegal, explain the types of
task that are appropriate (and inappropriate) to ask each of them to do.
If in an in-house mentoring relationship, discuss the office culture in terms of the types of tasks new lawyers are expected (although perhaps not told) to do rather than support staff. For example, if in an office where many lawyers share one administrative assistant, do the newer lawyers make their own changes to documents, make their own copies, etc. so that the administrative assistant can focus on doing those tasks for the more senior lawyers? Are new lawyers expected to type their own documents on their own computer and assistants expected to “format” them, or is there some other accepted way of doing things?
If in an in-house mentoring relationship, discuss any considerations or prohibitions in
asking support staff to put in time outside of normal office hours, including whether requests for overtime must be approved, whether overtime requests must only be made on a limited basis, how much advance notice is typically expected when asking staff to stay later than normal office hours, etc.
If in an in-house mentoring relationship, discuss the specific skills and knowledge each
support staff member has from which the new lawyer can learn or benefit.
Page X2
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM ▪ OHIO JUDICIAL CENTER ▪ 65 S. FRONT STREET ▪ COLUMBUS, OH 43215 TELEPHONE 614.387.9327 ▪ TOLL FREE 800.826.9010 ▪ FACSIMILE 614.387.9529
www.supremecourtofohio.gov ▪ www.supremecourtofohio.gov/mentoring
Read and discuss the suggestions regarding dealing with professional support staff in the attached excerpts. KIMM ALAYNE WALTON, WHAT LAW SCHOOL DOESN’T TEACH YOU…BUT YOU REALLY NEED TO KNOW (2000); Illinois State Bar Association and ISBA Mutual Insurance Company, New Lawyer Survival Guide: Advice from the Trenches on How to Live Your Life in the Law, 2003.
Make suggestions about how to handle difficult situations where the new lawyer’s
administrative assistant or paralegal is not performing as expected. If mentoring in-house, explain any procedures that are in place to address this type of problem.
Discuss the types of behavior that constitute the unauthorized practice of law in Ohio and
to the extent possible, define the “practice of law.” See the attached excerpt from The Legal Assistant’s Practical Guide to Professional Responsibility, ABA Center for Professional Responsibility (2nd Edition). Also attached, Land Title Abstract & Trust Co. v. Dworken,129 Ohio St. 23 (1934) and Columbus Bar Assn. v. Thomas, 109 Ohio St.3d 89 (2006).
Discuss an attorney’s ethical responsibilities regarding non-lawyer assistants. See Prof.
Cond. Rule 5.3.
Discuss an attorney’s ethical obligation to prevent the unauthorized practice of law and provide specific tips on how to prevent non-lawyer personnel from inadvertently (or intentionally) engaging in it. See Prof. Cond. Rules 5.3 – 5.5.
If mentoring in-house, discuss the office policies (if any) that are in place to prevent the
unauthorized practice of law by non-lawyer staff.
Share with the new lawyer appropriate ways to monitor the work product of support staff for which the new lawyer is ultimately responsible as an attorney.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
RESOURCES _____________________________________________________________________________________ OHIO RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT V. LAW FIRMS AND ASSOCIATIONS
Page X3
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM ▪ OHIO JUDICIAL CENTER ▪ 65 S. FRONT STREET ▪ COLUMBUS, OH 43215 TELEPHONE 614.387.9327 ▪ TOLL FREE 800.826.9010 ▪ FACSIMILE 614.387.9529
www.supremecourtofohio.gov ▪ www.supremecourtofohio.gov/mentoring
RULE 5.3: RESPONSIBILITIES REGARDING NONLAWYER ASSISTANTS With respect to a nonlawyer employed by, retained by, or associated with a lawyer, all of the following apply: (a) a lawyer who individually or together with other lawyers possesses managerial authority in a law firm or government agency shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the firm or government agency has in effect measures giving reasonable assurance that the person's conduct is compatible with the professional obligations of the lawyer; (b) a lawyer having direct supervisory authority over the nonlawyer shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the person's conduct is compatible with the professional obligations of the lawyer; (c) a lawyer shall be responsible for conduct of such a person that would be a violation of the Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct if engaged in by a lawyer if either of the following applies:
(1) the lawyer orders or, with the knowledge of the specific conduct, ratifies the conduct involved; (2) the lawyer has managerial authority in the law firm or government agency in which the person is employed, or has direct supervisory authority over the person, and knows of the conduct at a time when its consequences can be avoided or mitigated but fails to take reasonable remedial action.
View comments at http://www.supremecourtofohio.gov/rules/profConduct/profConductRules.pdf#Rule5_3 RULE 5.4: PROFESSIONAL INDEPENDENCE OF A LAWYER (a) A lawyer or law firm shall not share legal fees with a nonlawyer, except in any of the following circumstances:
(1) an agreement by a lawyer with the lawyer's firm, partner, or associate may provide for the payment of money, over a reasonable period of time after the lawyer's death, to the lawyer's estate or to one or more specified persons; (2) a lawyer who purchases the practice of a deceased, disabled, or disappeared lawyer may, pursuant to the provisions of Rule 1.17, pay to the estate or other representative of that lawyer the agreed-upon purchase price;
Page X4
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM ▪ OHIO JUDICIAL CENTER ▪ 65 S. FRONT STREET ▪ COLUMBUS, OH 43215 TELEPHONE 614.387.9327 ▪ TOLL FREE 800.826.9010 ▪ FACSIMILE 614.387.9529
www.supremecourtofohio.gov ▪ www.supremecourtofohio.gov/mentoring
(3) a lawyer or law firm may include nonlawyer employees in a compensation or retirement plan, even though the plan is based in whole or in part on a profit-sharing arrangement; (4) a lawyer may share court-awarded legal fees with a nonprofit organization that employed or retained the lawyer in the matter; (5) a lawyer may share legal fees with a nonprofit organization that recommended employment of the lawyer in the matter, if the nonprofit organization complies with Rule XVI of the Supreme Court Rules for the Government of the Bar of Ohio.
(b) A lawyer shall not form a partnership with a nonlawyer if any of the activities of the partnership consist of the practice of law. (c) A lawyer shall not permit a person who recommends, employs, or pays the lawyer to render legal services for another to direct or regulate the lawyer's professional judgment in rendering such legal services. (d) A lawyer shall not practice with or in the form of a professional corporation or association authorized to practice law for a profit, if any of the following applies:
(1) a nonlawyer owns any interest therein, except that a fiduciary representative of the estate of a lawyer may hold the stock or interest of the lawyer for a reasonable time during administration; (2) a nonlawyer is a corporate director or officer thereof or occupies the position of similar responsibility in any form of association other than a corporation; (3) a nonlawyer has the right to direct or control the professional judgment of a lawyer.
View comments at http://www.supremecourtofohio.gov/rules/profConduct/profConductRules.pdf#Rule5_4 RULE 5.5: UNAUTHORIZED PRRACTICE OF LAW; MULTIJURISDICTIONAL PRACTICE OF LAW (a) A lawyer shall not practice law in a jurisdiction in violation of the regulation of the legal profession in that jurisdiction, or assist another in doing so.
Page X5
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM ▪ OHIO JUDICIAL CENTER ▪ 65 S. FRONT STREET ▪ COLUMBUS, OH 43215 TELEPHONE 614.387.9327 ▪ TOLL FREE 800.826.9010 ▪ FACSIMILE 614.387.9529
www.supremecourtofohio.gov ▪ www.supremecourtofohio.gov/mentoring
(b) A lawyer who is not admitted to practice in this jurisdiction shall not do either of the following:
(1) except as authorized by these rules or other law, establish an office or other systematic and continuous presence in this jurisdiction for the practice of law; (2) hold out to the public or otherwise represent that the lawyer is admitted to practice law in this jurisdiction.
(c) A lawyer who is admitted in another United States jurisdiction, is in good standing in the jurisdiction in which the lawyer is admitted, and regularly practices law may provide legal services on a temporary basis in this jurisdiction if one or more of the following apply:
(1) the services are undertaken in association with a lawyer who is admitted to practice in this jurisdiction and who actively participates in the matter; (2) the services are reasonably related to a pending or potential proceeding before a tribunal in this or another jurisdiction, if the lawyer, or a person the lawyer is assisting, is authorized by law or order to appear in such proceeding or reasonably expects to be so authorized; (3) the services are reasonably related to a pending or potential arbitration, mediation, or other alternative dispute resolution proceeding in this or another jurisdiction, if the services arise out of or are reasonably related to the lawyer's practice in a jurisdiction in which the lawyer is admitted to practice and are not services for which the forum requires pro hac vice admission; (4) the lawyer engages in negotiations, investigations, or other nonlitigation activities that arise out of or are reasonably related to the lawyer's practice in a jurisdiction in which the lawyer is admitted to practice.
(d) A lawyer admitted and in good standing in another United States jurisdiction may provide legal services in this jurisdiction in either of the following circumstances:
(1) the lawyer is registered in compliance with Gov. Bar R. VI, Section 3 and is providing services to the employer or its organizational affiliates for which the permission of a tribunal to appear pro hac vice is not required; (2) the lawyer is providing services that the lawyer is authorized to provide by federal or Ohio law.
View comments at http://www.supremecourtofohio.gov/rules/profConduct/profConductRules.pdf#Rule5_5
276
co
py
rig
ht
Harc
ou
rtL
eg
al
&P
rofe
ssio
nal
pu
b::
i:cati
on
sIn
c.
WIlJ
ULA
wS
aiO
OL
DOES
NT
TEAC
HYo
u••
•Bu
TYo
uR
EAJlY
NEED
TOKN
owTh
e"P
eopl
e"Pa
rtOfWoIt.lt~
Not
Wha
tYou
'reLi
ke..
.27
7
secr
ets-
--<l
on't
viol
ate
conf
iden
ces
any
mor
eth
anyo
u'd
expe
ctan
yone
else
toV
iola
teyo
urs)
.Or
may
beyo
urm
ento
rne
eds
help
with
anar
ticl
eor
asp
eech
.Be
willin~
tost
epup
toth
epl
ate
for
them
asth
eydo
fory
ou.
As
you
prog
ress
,kee
pyc
urey
eou
tfor
peop
lebe
hind
you.
As
soon
asyo
u're
afir
stye
aras
soci
ate
you'
rem
ore
seni
orth
anth
esu
mm
ercl
erks
!A
sK
athl
een
Bra
dysa
ys,"
Ifyo
um
iss
outo
nw
atch
ing
prot
eges
succ
eed,
you'
relo
sing
outo
non
eof
the
true
joys
inlif
e.A
ndit
help
sth
epr
ofes
si
on.Y
ouha
ndof
fthe
ball
tJth
ene
xtge
nera
tion.
"
E.T
AP
PIN
GIN
TO
TH
EH
IDD
EN
PO
WE
RS
TR
UC
TU
RE
:S
UP
PO
RT
STA
FF
ISSU
ES
Ifyo
u've
wor
ked
befo
re,y
oukn
owho
wva
luab
le-a
ndpo
wer
ful--
--su
ppor
tst
affe
rsca
nbe
.Ify
ouha
ven'
t,ye
um
ayte
llyo
urse
lf,"F
inal
ly,I
'mno
tthe
low
·es
tper
son
onth
eto
tem
pole
-I'v
ego
tsom
ebod
yI
can
boss
arou
ndl"
Don
'tki
dyo
urse
lf.A
sV
erm
ont's
Pave
lWon
sow
icz
pOin
tsou
t,"T
hesu
ppor
tsta
ffis
the
back
bone
ofth
epl
ace.
"H
ofsl
ra's
Dia
neSc
hwar
tzbe
rgad
dsth
at"Y
ouca
n't
bully
peop
lean
dbe
arro
gant
and
gety
ourw
ay!"
Han
dlin
gsu
ppor
tsta
ffw
ellr
ejec
tson
you
ina
who
lebu
nch
ofw
ays:
your
abili
tyto
lead
,acc
eptr
espo
nsib
iLty
,and
deal
with
alld
iffer
entk
inds
ofpe
ople
(incl
udin
gcl
ient
s).A
sla
wye
rsat
Cou
lsto
nSt
orrs
poin
tout
,"T
reat
ing
supp
ort
staffe
rsw
ithre
spec
twill
geta
sum
ner
cler
kor
new
law
yerf
urth
erth
anal
mos
tan
ythi
ngel
sebe
side
sgo
od,c
ompe
tentlawye~.·
Min
neso
ta's
Susa
nG
aine
nge
tsth
isac
ross
with
her
"Fiv
eSt
ages
OfR
ela·
tions
With
Supp
ortS
taff.
"ST
AGE
ON
E:O
nyo
urfir
stda
y)fw
ork,
peop
lear
epr
edis
pose
dto
thin
kw
ell
ofyo
u.Th
eyar
epr
epar
edto
like
you,
tohe
lpyo
u,an
dto
inve
stin
your
succ
ess.
STAG
ETw
o:Y
ouac
ted
like
aje
rk.W
heth
eryo
uw
ere
rude
toa
supp
orts
taff
pers
onor
toa
colle
ague
,you
can
alm
osta
lway
sre
pair
the
dam
age
ifyo
uar
esi
ncer
ein
your
apol
ogie
s,an
dne
ver,
ever
repe
atth
ebe
havi
or.
STAG
ETH
REE:
You
real
lyar
ea
jerk
.Whe
ther
it's
rude
ness
,inc
ompe
tenc
e,la
zine
ssor
ate
nden
cyto
mak
enJ
stak
esan
dbl
ame
othe
rs,y
ouar
erid
ing
fora
fall.
The
supp
orts
taff
,whi
chcm
smoo
thth
ew
rinkl
esin
your
appe
aran
ce,
cove
rfor
your
smal
lmis
take
san
e.ch
uckl
eat
your
ecce
ntric
ities
,Will
now
take
thre
est
eps
back
.and
wat
chyo
ufa
llon
your
face
.R
eal·l
ifeex
ampl
e:A
fter
anA
ssoc
iate
Gen
eral
Cou
nsel
ata
bank
had
been
wor
king
for
mor
eth
ansi
xm
onth
s,st
affb
egan~
them
selv
esqu
estio
nslik
e"J
usth
owlo
ngsh
ould
the
lear
ning
curv
ebe
for
rem
embe
ring
that
each
fore
clos
ure
need
sa
$75
filin
gfe
ech
eck
atta
ched
toit,
and
that
the
lead
time
for
are
ques
tis
24
hour
s?"
and
"Whe
nw
illhe
stop
blam
ing
usfo
rhis
mis
take
s?"
STAG
EFo
UR:
Sing
lyan
din
grou
psth
eybe
gin
toap
proa
chth
elr
boss
and
your
boss
,say
ing
"Ica
n'tb
elie
veth
athe
/she
did/
didn
'tdo
(wha
teve
r)."
This
beco
mes
ach
orus
,and
ever
ythi
ngth
atyo
u've
ever
done
that
you
wer
en't
sup
pose
dto
do--
<lr
that
you'
vene
ver
done
that
you
wer
esup
pose
dto
-bec
omes
shee
tmus
icfo
rthi
sgr
oup.
STAG
EF
IvE
-TIm
Pnw
rnA
STAG
E:N
ota
pret
tysi
ght.
Sing
lyan
din
grou
ps,
they
appr
oach
your
boss
and
thel
rbos
san
dsa
y"I
t'shi
m/h
eror
us."
Now
is
the
time
topa
ckup
your
desk
and
snea
kaw
ayin
toth
eni
ghto
rsta
ndon
your
desk
and
dise
mbo
wel
your
self
with
the
Wat
erfo
rdle
tter
open
eryo
ugo
tas
agr
adua
tion
pres
ent.
Whe
nw
eigh
ing
the
valu
eof
ane
wsu
mm
acu
mla
ude
grad
uate
who
quic
kly
dem
onst
rate
san
uner
ring
abili
tyto
anta
goni
zela
rge
num
bers
ofva
lued
empl
oyee
sag
ains
tagr
oup
ofirr
epla
ceab
leex
peIi
ence
dle
gals
ecre
tarie
san
dpa
rale
gals
,the
reis
noch
oice
.You
'reou
t.A
sth
e"F
ive
Stag
es"
illus
trat
e,m
istr
eatin
gth
est
affc
anbe
detr
imen
talt
oyo
urpr
ofes
sion
alhe
alth
.Le
t'sse
ew
haty
ouha
veto
dow
hen
itco
mes
tode
alin
gw
ithsu
ppor
tsta
ff:
1.R
emem
bert
hatt
hey
can
be
help
fult
oyo
uin
am
illio
nsu
btle
way
s.
Whe
nyo
ust
arto
utas
ala
wye
r,th
ere
are
abW
lch
of~
you
don'
tkn
owab
outp
ract
icin
gla
w.
It's
fair
tosa
yth
atsu
ppor
tsta
ffer
sw
ho'v
ebe
enw
ithyo
urem
pioy
erfo
ra
whi
lekn
owm
ore
abou
tbei
nga
law
yer
than
you
do.
Rea
les
tate
para
lega
ls,
for
inst
ance
,ca
nha
ndle
clos
ings
them
selv
es!
The
secr
etar
ies,
rece
ptio
nist
s,w
ord
proc
esso
rs,c
opy
room
staf
fers
,offi
cego
pher
san
dru
nner
s,th
em
allro
omcl
erks
-the
yca
nsa
veyo
ursk
inin
abu
nch
ofw
ays.
a.Th
eyca
nru
nin
terf
eren
cefo
ryou
.
"Ify
our
secr
etar
ylik
esyo
u,an
dyo
ute
llth
em,'
Iha
veto
buy
a30
than
nive
rsar
ygi
ftfo
rmy
pare
nts'
or'I
have
toru
nou
tfor
aca
ke
~S
MA
RT
HU
MA
NT
RIC
K.
New
asso
ciat
eat
ala
rge
New
Yor
kfir
m.
He
gets
tokn
owth
een
tire
staf
fin
the
first
two
wee
kshe
'sat
wor
k.T
heot
hera
ssoc
iat
esla
ugh
athi
m,
butt
hrou
ghth
isne
twor
khe
find
sou
ttha
t
poin
tsou
ttha
tyou
have
to"U
nder
stan
dth
edi
ffer
ence
betw
een
pow
eran
dau
thor
ity.S
taff
mem
bers
can
have
alo
tofp
ower
even
ifth
eydo
n'th
ave
muc
hau
thor
ity.I
fyou
'reco
mfo
rtabl
eta
lkin
gto
the
boss
'sse
cret
ary,
she
can
tell
you
whe
nit'
sa
good
time
ora
ba
dtim
eto
talk
toth
ebo
ss.T
hIs
can
beve
ryva
luab
lein
form
atio
n.V
ouca
nal
sofin
dou
twhe
n'(s
)he
will
beou
toft
heof
fice
and
wha
tthe
irpe
t pee
ves
are.
Man
yan
alum
has
told
me
that
they
aske
dfo
rra
ises
and
sche
dule
dth
eirt
ime
offb
ased
onth
is'in
side
rin
form
atio
n.'I
nad
ditio
n,G
eorg
etow
n's
Mar
ilyn
Tuc
ker
poin
tsou
t,"E
xper
ienc
edsu
ppor
t sta
ffer
sw
illkn
owth
efo
rmat
docu
men
tssh
ould
take
,th
enu
mbe
rofc
opie
sre
quire
dfo
rdi
ffer
entc
ourts
,and
man
yot
her
sim
·
ilarly
criti
cald
etai
ls."
Geo
rget
own'
sA
nna
Dav
ispo
ints
outt
hat"
Ifyo
u're
nice
toth
em
ailr
oom
guys
,the
y'll
look
outf
oryo
u.W
hen
you
goto
send
som
ethi
ngou
t,th
ey'll
tell
you,
'Hey
-yo
ufo
rget
this
onth
een
velo
pe!'"
One
law
yer
talk
edab
out
her
expe
rien
cew
orki
ngfo
ra
"ver
yin
timid
atin
g"lit
igat
ion
depa
rtm
enth
ead.
"He
told
me,
'Ine
edth
ism
emo
fort
heco
urtf
rom
you.
Ionl
yw
antt
wo
page
s.M
ake
itbr
ief.'
Ires
earc
hed
itan
dw
rote
it,bu
titc
ame
out
four
page
slo
ng.I
nste
adof
editi
ngit,
Itho
ught
Icou
ldju
stsi
ngle
'sp
ace
itto
mee
tthe
two'
page
cuto
ff.W
hen
Itoo
kit
tohi
sse
cret
ary,
she
said
,'O
h,no
-ple
adin
gsha
veto
bedo
uble
-spa
ced.
Co
and
reodo
it'I
fshe
hadn
'tto
ldm
eth
at,I
wou
ldha
vebe
ento
ast"
d.T
hey
list
ento
the
jung
ledr
ums.
Ifyo
uw
antt
okn
oww
hat's
goin
gon
atw
ork,
your
secr
etar
yis
your
first
line
ofof
fens
e.A
sW
endy
Wer
ner
poin
tsou
t,"T
hey'
llkn
owbe
fore
anyb
ody
whi
chcl
ient
sar
eco
min
gan
dgo
ing,
who
are
pred
omin
antb
usin
ess
gette
rs,w
hatd
epar
tmen
tgen
erat
esth
em
ost
reve
nue,
who
lose
sth
em
ost(
and
leas
t)as
soci
ates
.'
27
917
Je'P
eopl
e'Pa
rtO
fWad
<.It'
sNot
fWJa
tYou
'relik
e..
.W
lIAT
LAw
ScH
oo
lD
oesN
'rTE
ACH
You
•••
BurY
ouR
EALI
YNE
EDTO
KNow
form
yhu
sban
d's
bint
.day
part
y,'t
hey'
llof
ten
tell
som
eone
look
ing
fory
outh
atyo
u're
ina
mee
ting,
"sa
ysD
enve
r'sJe
nnife
rLou
dU
ngar
.If
you'
rew
orki
ngin
apu
blic
inte
rest
job,
ifa
secr
etar
yor
inta
kew
orke
rlik
esyo
u,th
ey'll
field
your
calls
.For
inst
ance
,ifi
t'sa
Soci
alSe
curit
ym
atte
r,th
eyca
nan
swer
peop
le's
ques
tions
.The
ykn
owa
loto
fthe
answ
ers.
In'th
epr
ivat
ew
orld
,ifa
clie
ntca
llsyo
u,yo
uha
veto
retu
rnth
eir
call.
The
y're
payi
ng.I
nth
epu
bliC
aren
a,se
cre
tarie
san
din
take
wor
lcer
sca
nfie
ldyo
urca
lls.T
hey
can
mak
eyo
uor
brea
kyo
u."
b.T
hey
can
help
you
mee
tde
adli
nes
that
you'
dot
herw
ise
mis
s. Law
yers
atC
ouls
ton
Stor
rspo
into
utth
at"W
hen
you
ask
som
eon
e-to
stay
late
orde
liver
orco
pyso
met
hing
for
you
ona
rush
basi
s,yo
urre
latio
nshi
pw
ithth
atpe
rson
islik
ely
goin
gto
beth
eon
eth
ing
that
dete
m:1
nes
whe
ther
that
pers
onw
illhe
lpyo
uo
ut
Law
yers
with
poor
rela
tions
hips
with
supp
orts
taff
ers
will
suff
er.'
As
Bro
okly
n'sJ
oan
Kin
gsa
ys,"
Ifyo
u're
resp
ectfu
lto
the
wor
dpr
oce
ssin
gsta
ff,it
pays
divi
dend
sat
2a.
m.,
whe
nyo
urdo
cum
ents
get
push
edah
ead
ofso
mEO
neel
se's.
"O
nela
wye
rta
lked
abou
thav
ing
toge
tsom
eim
port
antp
aper
sou
tto
acl
ient
He
was
cert
ain
that
he'd
mis
sed
the
FedE
xde
adlin
e.H
ew
ent
toth
em
ailro
omto
chec
k.Th
em
ailro
om.~
smile
d,an
dsa
id,"
Com
eon
.I'll
help
you
out."
He
drov
eth
ela
wye
rto
the
airp
ort,
and
took
him
toa
secr
eten
tranc
ean
dgo
tthe
l'edE
xof
f,ev
enth
ough
the
"tec
hnic
al"
dead
lin
eha
dpa
ssed
.If
you'
rea
new
law
yer
and
you'
resh
arin
ga
secr
etar
yw
itha
bunc
hof
othe
rpe
oplE
,Hof
stra
'sR
ebec
caK
atz-
Whi
tere
min
dsyo
uth
at"y
ourw
ork
has
the
low
estp
riorit
y.So
me
new
law
yers
have
tosh
are
ase
cret
ary
With
four
othe
rpeo
ple!
Vou
'relo
wpe
rson
onth
eto
tem
pole
,and
that
IJea
ns
that
ifyo
uar
en't
nice
toth
ese
cret
ary,
you
won
'tge
tan
yth
illg
do
ne
."
c.T
hey
can
save
you~:om
look
ing
stup
id.
Whe
nyo
u're
ane
wla
wye
r,th
ere
are
alo
tof
deta
ilsth
atyo
udo
n'tk
now
-but
supp
orts
taff
ers
do.
Pepp
erdi
ne's
.Car
olA
Ilem
eier
278
280
WHAT
LAw
ScHo
oLDO
ESN'T
TEAC
HYo
u••
•Bu
r You
REA
WNE
EDTO
KNow
The
'Peo
ple'
Part
OfK
bnI-.
/t'sN
otIt7
zat Y
ou're
like
. ..
281
the
firm
isth
inki
ngof
addi
ngan
asso
ciat
eat
itsL
ondo
nof
fice.
.H
efin
dsou
t who
isdo
ing
the
hiri
ng,
goes
toth
em, a
ndsa
ys,
'Tak
em
e."
No
othe
ras
soci
ate
had
even
hea
rdab
out t
he
plum
ll$Si
gnm
ent.l
t p"Y
So
ff.
He
gets
the
job.
2.S
uppo
rtst
affe
rsca
nb
epo
wer
fu1l
nW
iffS
you
can'
t im
agin
e.A
sS
t Tho
mas
' Mid
lelle
Fong
yee
poin
tsou
t,"D
on't
star
t with
ahi
er
arch
yIn
min
d,'M
eI•.
wye
r-yo
use
cret
ary.
' Sec
reta
ries
have
alo
tof
pow
erth
atne
was
socI
ates
don'
t app
reci
ate.
"K
entu
cky'
sD
rnsi
IlaB
aker
tec
hoes
that
, say
ing,
"Don
'tbe
delu
ded
Into
thin
kin
gth
atju
stbe
caus
eyo
urtim
eis
billa
ble
a:ld
thei
rsis
n't t
hat y
ou're
bette
rth
anth
eyar
e."
Gun
stle
r,Y
oakl
ey's
Kel
lyTo
ole
says
that
"you
r sec
reta
ryw
asth
ere
befo
reyo
u,an
dsh
e'll
beth
ere
whe
nyo
ule
ave.
She
can
bea
grea
t res
ourc
e,or
your
wor
sten
emy.
"If
you
trea
t sec
reta
ries
badl
y,yo
urw
ork
will
sud
denl
ybe
onth
ebo
ttom
ofth
epi
le. I
fyou
'reru
deto
wor
dpr
oces
sing
pe0
ple,
"Tha
t brie
f you
n~ed?
Sudd
enly
they
've
got a
proj
ect t
hat's
mor
eim
port
ant
than
your
s!' s
ays
Dru
silla
Bak
ert.
Ror
ida
Stat
e's
Step
hani
eR
edfe
arn
poin
tsou
t tha
t "M
any
runn
ers
are
the
child
ren
ofpa
rtne
rsor
big
clie
nts.
Atto
rney
ssh
oot t
hem
selv
esin
the
foot
whe
nth
eytr
eat r
un·
ners
badl
y.Th
eki
dgo
esho
me,
and
over
dinn
erte
llsD
addy
, 'So
-and
-so
isa
jerk
.'"O
nere
crui
ting
coor
dina
tor
com
men
ted
that
"The
man
agin
gpa
rtner
'sse
cret
ary
isth
em
ost p
ower
ful p
erso
nIn
our
firm
.H
ere
lies
onhe
rfo
rth
ein
Side
scoo
pon
ever
ythi
ngth
atgo
eson
Inth
eof
fice.
Atto
rne
yson
her
bad
side
are
toas
t.Sh
eha
sth
em
anag
ing
part
ner's
ear.
Inso
me
way
s,he
'sdo
ser
tohe
r tha
nhe
isto
his
wife
!"A
t ano
ther
firm
, the
secr
etar
yfo
rth
ehe
adof
the
litig
atio
nde
partm
ent h
adth
esa
me
role
. As
anas
soci
ate
inth
ede
partm
ent t
ells
it,"S
he'll
tell
him
thin
gslik
e,'I
don'
tlik
eth
atas
soci
ate.
He's
snea
ky.'
And
that
asso
ciat
ew
illha
vea
blac
km
ark
agai
nst h
im. A
ndon
the
f1ip
side
ofth
at, s
heco
ntro
lsth
ego
odie
s.If
the
part
ner
can'
t mak
ea
bask
etba
llga
me,
she
deci
des
wilo
gets
his
sea·
son
ticke
ts. S
he's
asm
art p
erso
nto
befii
end.
"M
cDon
nell
Boe
hnen
'sBr
adH
ulbe
rtpo
ints
out t
hat "
The
arro
gant
law
yer w
hofo
rget
sth
atse
cret
arie
sar
ean
esse
ntia
l par
t of I
hete
amis
inev
itabl
ypu
nish
ed. '
Oh,
I did
n't k
now
that
you
wan
ted
the
atta
chm
ents
actu
ally
atta
ched
toth
ebr
iefl
'"A
t
anot
her f
irm,
ase
nior
asso
ciat
ew
asas
ked
tole
ave
beca
use
helo
sttw
ose
cret
arie
sIn
aro
w.
Rem
embe
rab
ove
all t
hat s
ecre
tari
esta
lk.
Wha
t the
ysa
yab
out y
ouhe
lps
deve
lop
your
repu
tatio
n,no
t jus
t with
othe
rse
cret
arie
sbu
t with
law
yers
asw
ell.
Ifyo
utr
eat t
hejo
hnas
are
adin
gro
oman
dsp
end
alo
t of
time
Inth
ere,
your
bath
room
habi
tsw
illso
onge
t spr
ead
arou
ndth
efu
m.
At o
nefir
m, o
nepa
rtne
r was
noto
rious
for
havi
nglu
nch
athi
sde
skan
dpu
tting
his
dirt
yw
rapp
ers
and
plat
esIn
his
out b
oxfo
rhi
sse
cret
ary
todi
spos
eof
, rat
her
than
just
dum
ping
them
Inhi
sw
aste
bask
et. T
hat r
epu
tatio
nfo
llow
edhi
mfo
r yea
rs;
ever
ytim
ehi
sna
me
cam
eup
, tha
t'sw
hat
peop
lew
ould
thin
kof
first.
The
botto
mlin
e:m
istre
atin
gth
esu
ppor
t sta
ffca
nki
llyo
u.Th
eyre
ally
doha
veth
atm
uch
pow
er.
~CAREER
LlM
:IT
ING
MO
VE
••
Rai
nmak
ing
part
ner
ina
larg
efir
m.
He
isre
noW
ned
for
trea
ting
supp
ort
staf
fers
badl
y,bu
tbe
caus
ehe
'ssu
cha
grea
tso
urce
ofbu
sine
ss,
his
beha
vior
isto
lera
ted
for a
long
time_
One
day;
heis
havi
nga
mee
ting
inth
efir
m's
conf
eren
cero
omat
lunc
htim
ew
ithso
me
dien
ts.
He
tells
his
secr
etar
y,'O
rder
asa
ndw
ich
plat
ter f
rom
the
de6.
for m
ysa
ndw
ich,
you
know
wha
t Ilik
e.Te
llth
emn
om
ayon
nais
e.G
otit?
No
may
onna
ise.
"W
ell,
duh,
yeah
-she
'sno
t dea
f.Sh
eor
ders
the
sand
wic
hes,
mak
ing
asp
ecia
lpo
int t
oth
ede
lito
leav
eth
em
ayon
nais
eof
f of
this
part
ner's
sand
wic
h.W
hen
the
sand
wic
hes
are
deliv
ered
toth
eco
nfer
ence
room
,su
reen
ough
-his
sand
wic
hha
sm
ayon
nais
eon
it.H
ege
tson
the
inte
rco
mw
ith
his
secr
etar
yan
dsa
ys--
lnfr
ont o
f the
c1ie
nts-
"My
sand
wic
hha
sm
ayon
nais
eon
itl"
She
apol
ogiz
espr
ofus
ely
and
expl
ains
that
she
did
give
the
corr
ect d
irec
tions
toth
ede
li.Sh
ete
llshi
m, "
I'll
go
dow
nth
ere
and
get y
ouan
othe
r san
dwic
h."
He
snap
s,N
No
you
wo
n't
You
'llco
me
inhe
rean
dw
ipe
off t
hem
ayon
nais
eyo
urse
lf.N
The
reis
stun
ned
sile
nce
inth
eco
nfer
ence
room
, and
she
isin
shoc
k.W
hat s
hetf
tlnk
sis,
"You
bette
r han
gon
toth
atm
ayon
nais
e,be
caus
eif
you
mak
em
ego
inth
ere,
you'
rego
ing
tone
edal
l the
lubr
icat
ion
you
can
get."
Wha
t she
do
es
isto
calm
lypi
ckup
her p
urse
and
leav
eth
eof
fice.
282
WIlI
JLA
wSC
HOOl
.DoE
SN'T
TEAC
HYO
U..
.Bu
rYou
REA
LlY
NEED
TOKN
owTh
e'P
eopl
e'Pa
rtO
fWor
k.It
sNot
K?Ja
tYou
'relik
e..
.28
3
It's
the
last
stra
w.T
heo
ther
par
tner
sas
kth
isp
artn
erto
leav
eth
e
firm
.
3.D
on't
forc
eyo
ursu
peri
ors
toch
oose
side
sbe
tWee
nyo
uan
da
supp
orts
taff
er.
As
Wak
eFo
rest
'sB
illB
arre
ttw
arns
,"Y
oung
asso
date
sw
illbe
out
befo
reth
epa
rtner
'sse
cret
ayle
aves
.Sec
reta
ries
and
offic
em
anag
ers
run
the
offic
e!"
Bak
erD
onel
soIi'
sSu
eH
unte
radd
sth
at"I
t'sa
bad
idea
toge
tto
obi
gfo
ryou
rbr
itche
s.It'
sa
lote
asie
rto
lind
good
atto
rney
sth
anit
is
tolin
dgo
odse
cret
arie
s!"
Den
nis
Ker
med
yadv
ises
that
you
"Lea
rnyo
urpl
ace
inth
epe
ckin
gor
der.
Ius
edto
joke
inth
ehi
ring
proc
ess
that
we
shou
ldhi
rem
ilita
ryve
tera
lSbe
caus
eth
eykn
ewth
atyo
ust
arte
dat
the
botto
man
dea
rned
your
W<y
upth
ela
dder
.Eve
ryon
eat
the
offic
epl
ays
adi
ffer
ent r
ole
and
the
valu
eof
thos
ero
les
isno
tdet
erm
ined
bytit
le.I
fyo
u've
been
ata
firm
fora
lew
mon
ths
and
geti
nto
asi
tuat
ion
whe
reyo
ufo
rce
apa
rtner
toch
oose
b,!tw
een
supp
ortin
gyo
uor
the
secr
etar
y(s
)he's
had
for
ten
year
san
dre
lies
onin
way
syo
uca
n't
even
imag
ine
(unt
ilyo
u'll
eha
da
secr
etar
yyo
u've
relie
don
fort
enye
ars)
,Igu
aran
tee
that
ahu
ndre
dpe
rcen
toft
hetiI
Teth
epa
rtner
will
supp
ortt
hese
cret
ary.
It's
ash
owdo
wn
you
can'
tWin
.Don
'ttry
tofo
rce
it"
~CAREER
UM
I'i1
l11
GM
OV
E
Asu
mm
ercl
erk.
His
firs
td
ayat
his
sum
mer
empl
oyer
.H
ew
alks
into
the
man
agin
gpa
rtne
r's
c,ff
ice
whi
leth
em
anag
ing
par
tner
ista
lkin
g
wit
hhi
sse
cret
ary.
The
sum
mer
cler
kin
terr
upts
,say
ing,
"Hel
lo,
Sir.
It's
nice
tom
eety
ou
.It
'sm
yfi
rst
day
...
"T
hep
artn
ergi
ves
him
aco
ld
look
and
says
,"I
amin
the
mid
dle
of
talk
ing
tom
yse
cret
ary,
Mis
s
Hat
haw
ay.
She
ism
ore
impo
rtan
ttha
nyo
uw
illev
erbe
."
4.D
on't
thin
kth
atyo
ursu~Jeriorsw
illr
espe
ctyo
ufo
rlo
rdin
git
over
the
supp
ort s
taff.
Don
'tw
orry
.Eve
rybo
dyat
wor
kas
sum
esth
atyo
u're
smar
tand
capa
·bl
e.Y
oudo
n'th
ave
totr
eats
uppo
rtst
affe
rslik
edi
rtto
burn
ish
your
posi
tion.
And
ifyo
udo
,it'
llhu
rtyo
u.La
wye
rsat
Lord
Biss
ellp
oint
out
that
"No
mat
terh
owsm
arts
omeo
neis
and
how
tech
nica
llysa
vvy
they
may
beas
ala
wye
r,if
they
trea
tthe
stal
lWith
disr
espe
ctth
eyw
on't
succ
eed.
"A
law
yer
atSh
ook
Har
dyad
ds,
"Nob
odywan~
prim
ado
nna
s."
Den
ver's
Ann
eSt
ark
Wal
ker
poin
tsou
ttha
t"A
few
inst
ance
sof
brO
W-b
eatin
ga
secr
etar
y,or
bera
ting
anof
fice
mes
seng
er,c
ando
per.
man
ent d
amag
eto
your
repu
tatio
nat
the
offic
e."
5.If
the
firm
cult
ure
isto
trea
tsta
ffba
dly
and
/orm
ake
sexi
stco
mm
ents
arou
ndth
em-f
or
gosh
sak
esig
no
reth
efir
mcu
lture
!
D.o
n'tt
ake
,you
::be
havi
oral
cues
from
peop
lew
hobe
have
badl
y.A
sle
WIS
&C
lark
sLis
aLe
sage
poin
tsou
t,"D
on't
pay
atte
ntio
nto
how
sen.
ior
partn
ers
trea
tthe
irse
cret
arie
s!"
Ham
line's
Vm
ceTh
omas
adds
that
"Lot
sof
peop
lear
esh
ortw
ithsta
ff,an
dse
Xist
ina
frat
boy
kind
ofw
ay.I
tal
way
sco
mes
back
tobi
teyo
u."
Rem
embe
J;if
you
see
atto
rney
sat
wor
ktre
atin
gth
eir
staf
fers
badl
y,it
tells
you
som
ethi
ngyo
ure
ally
don'
twan
tto
know
abou
tthe
m.A
ndif
you
geti
nto
the
good
01'b
oym
enta
lity
whe
nIt
com
esto
hand
ling
"the
girls
,"yo
u're
notj
ustb
eing
stup
id-y
ou're
open
ing
upyo
urem
ploy
erto
the~eat
ofa
sexu
alha
rass
men
tsui
t,an
dId
on't
have
tote
llyo
uth
attb
ats
rea1
1yba
dne
ws.
Furth
erm
ore,
ifyo
ufla
tterp
artn
ers
and
then
treat
supp
ort s
taff
ers
badl
y,it
will
expo
seyo
uto
ever
yone
atth
eof
fice
asa
phon
y.T
hat's
aba
dre
puta
tion
toha
ve.
Sofo
llow
asi
mpl
eru
le:
trea
tsup
port
staf
fers
with
resp
ectn
om
atte
rho
wan
ybod
yels
etre
ats
them
,and
you
can'
tgo
wro
ng.
6.R
emem
ber
that
litt
leth
ings
mea
na
lot.
Trea
tthe
supp
orts
taff
wel
lfro
mda
yon
e.Th
eve
ryfir
stda
yat
wor
k"I
ntro
duce
your
self
toth
emim
med
iate
lyan
dbe
cert
ain
tole
arneac~
pers
on's
nam
e,"
says
Mar
ilyn
Tuck
er.
At
one
firm
,a
new
asso
date
~rought
ina
box
ofm
uffin
son
his
first
day
for
allo
fthe
supp
orts
taff
ers.
Now
hege
tsev
eryt
hing
hew
ants
imm
edia
tely
,'co
mm
ente
dth
efin
n's
hirin
gpa
rtner
.
Whe
nyo
u're
bran
dne
w,a
ckno
wle
dge
toyo
urse
cret
ary
that
you'
vego
talo
tto
lear
n.A
sA
rizon
a'sM
ary
Birm
ingh
amsu
gges
ts,"
Say
toyo
ur
284
WH
AT
LAw
ScH
OO
L[lO
ESN
'TTE
ACH
You..
. BU
TYo
uRE
ALDl
NEE
DTO
KNow
The
'Peo
ple"
PartO
fWO
Jic.lt
'sN
otW
hat Y
ou're
Like
. ..
285
secr
etar
y,'I'
mgo
nna
<sk
you
ato
nof
dum
bqu
estio
ns, a
ndI h
ope
that
'sO
K, b
ecau
seI'm
tryi
ngto
lear
nth
ero
pes,
'"A
t one
firm
,on
her
first
day
ofw
ork
anas
soci
ate
wal
ked
upto
her
extr
emel
yex
peri
ence
dse
c·re
tary
.and
said
,"L
ook,
Ikn
owyo
u've
been
doin
gth
islo
nger
than
Iha
ve. I
know
Ipr
obab
lyca
nle
arn
ath
ing
ortw
oab
out p
ract
icin
gla
wfro
myo
u."
As
aco
lle'lg
ueof
hers
poin
ted
out,
"It s
eta
tone
ofm
utua
lre
spec
t fro
mth
eouts.~t."
At
anot
her f
irm,
ane
was
soci
ate
reca
llsth
at"I
was
war
ned
that
I'dbe
enas
sign
eda
crot
chet
yse
cret
ary
who
rese~ted
wor
king
for
som
eone
who
was
one-
thir
dhe
rag
e.K
now
ing
this
, Ito
okhe
r flo
wer
.;,an
dsa
id, '
Ilo
okfo
rwar
dto
lear
ning
from
you.
Ikn
owth
atyo
ukn
ow:n
ore
abou
t the
prac
tice
ofla
wan
dth
isfir
mth
anI
do.'
Afte
rth
at,
I had
notr
oubl
ege
tting
my
wor
kdo
ne. T
hefa
ctis
,w
hen
you'
rede
alin
gw
ithyo
urse
cret
ary
you'
vego
t to
put y
our
infla
ted
ego
asid
e.Y
ouca
n't a
lsum
eyo
u'll
win
piss
ing
cont
ests
with
secr
etar
ies,
beca
use
you
won
't"If
secr
etar
ies
atyo
urof
fice
are
refe
rred
toas
"ass
ista
nts,
"do
n't
ever
call
them
secr
etar
ies;
bey
hate
itLo
yola
'sPa
mO
cchi
pint
i tel
lsyo
u,"N
ever
forg
etSe
cret
arie
s'D
ay. I
t'sso
impo
rtant
toth
em!"
Sim
ilarly
, rem
embe
r you
rse
cret
ary'
sbi
rthda
y.If
(s)h
eha
sa
pers
onal
mge
dy, s
end
aco
ndol
ence
card
and
flow
ers.
Mak
ea
poin
t of g
ettin
gto
know
all
ofth
esu
ppor
t sta
ffer
s,no
t jus
tth
ese
cret
arie
s.A
sH
amlin
e's
Vin
ceT
hom
assa
ys,
"At
my
firm
,ou
rw
ord
proc
essi
ngae
part
men
t pro
duce
dre
ally
long
docu
men
ts. O
nce
ina
whi
le, i
nste
adof
leav
ing
thin
gsin
the
pick
-up
box,
I'dw
alk
my
wor
kdo
wn
toth
eman
ds\
l€nd
afe
wm
inut
esch
attin
g.T
hey
obvi
ousl
yap
pre
ciat
edit.
They
wer
eso
used
toha
ving
thei
rco
ntac
t with
atto
rney
sco
nsi
stof
peop
lest
orm
ing
dow
nto
them
and
scre
amin
g'Y
ousc
rew
edth
isup
l'" Whe
nyo
urse
cret
aly-
oran
yot
her
supp
ort s
taff
er-d
oes
som
ethi
ngfo
r you
, don
'tfo
rget
tosa
y"t
hank
you.
"A
ndfin
ally
, be
apPl
ecia
tive
ofth
eir t
ime
and
sens
itive
toth
eir w
ork
load
. Be
will
ing
topi
tCl i
nan
dhe
lpth
emou
twhe
nth
esi
tuat
ion
calls
for
itA
sB
art S
Cho
rsch
wit
esin
The
Stud
ent L
awye
r,"A
few
min
utes
help
in
gto
arra
nge
afil
eor
sift
thro
ugh
docu
men
tsm
ight
payo
fffo
r you
late
r,ei
ther
inex
perie
nce
orfa
mili
arity
with
aca
seor
prob
lem
."
'gS
MA
RT
HU
MA
NT
RIC
K•••
Juni
oras
soci
ate
ata
larg
efi
nnw
ith
seve
ral
offi
ces.
Aft
era
year
aton
eof
the
firm
'sof
fice
s,he
gets
tran
sfer
red
toa
diff
eren
t off
ice.
On
his
last
day,
hebu
ysfl
ower
sfo
rhi
sse
cret
ary.
Ash
esa
ys,
"I'd
neve
rha
da
sec·
reta
rybe
fore
,an
dI'd
been
very
happ
yw
ith
her
wor
k.So
I pu
t ano
teo
nth
efl
ower
sth
atsa
id'T
hank
sfo
rbe
ing
soki
ndto
me:
Lat
erth
atw
eek,
we
had
afi
nn-w
ide
even
t with
. all
ofth
ela
wye
rsan
dsu
pp
ort
staf
f.A
llof
the
fem
ale
law
yers
from
my
oid
offi
cera
nu
pto
me
and
said
,W
ow!
Wha
t ani
cegu
y!Y
oum
ade
her
day!
' Thi
sse
cret
ary
told
ever
ybod
yab
out t
hose
flow
ers.
I've
neve
rha
dan
ypr
oble
mw
orki
ngw
ith
ase
cret
ary
sinc
e.I h
ones
tly
did
itju
stbe
caus
esh
ew
asni
ceto
me,
bu
tto
tell
you
the
tru
th,
that
was
sixt
ybu
cks
wel
lsp
en
t-th
ego
odw
illit
gene
rate
dw
aspr
icel
ess!
"
~CAREER
LIM
IT
IN
GM
OV
E
Firs
t yea
ras
soci
ate
ata
very
larg
eM
idw
este
mfin
n_T
hefi
nnha
ndle
sen
orm
ous
deal
sw
hich
invo
lve
ton
sof
pape
rwor
k.O
ne
nigh
t,th
epa
rale
gals
and
law
yers
are
ther
eal
lni
ght w
orki
ngon
20
0d
ocu
men
tse
tsfo
ra
deal
. Ap
age
inev
ery
set
has
tob
ere
plac
ed,
and
the
firs
tye
aras
soci
ate
deci
des
that
even
thou
ghit
'scr
unch
tim
e,it
'sbe
neat
hhi
mto
help
take
stap
les
ou
tof
the
do
cum
ent
sets
tom
ake
the
repl
acem
ent.
Hal
fan
hour
late
r,a
mid
-lev
elas
soci
ate
wal
ksin
toth
ero
om,
and
asks
,'W
hat's
goin
gon
here
?'W
hen
the
para
lega
lste
llh
imab
out t
he
mis
take
,he
rolls
up
his
slee
ves
tohe
lp. A
so
ne
ofth
epa
ra
lega
lspo
ints
out,
"Wit
hth
ato
ne
sim
ple
act
the
mid
-lev
elas
soci
ate
go
tkn
own
asa
pers
onto
wor
kfo
r.A
sim
ple
act
like
that
gets
you
fur
ther
than
all
ofth
ebl
ack
lett
erla
wyo
ukn
ow. T
hefi
rst y
ear?
He
was
blac
k-ba
lled.
"
1.
Wh
eny
ou
're
new
.b
efr
iend
lyw
ith
sup
po
rtst
alIe
rs, b
ut b
eca
refu
l ab
ou
t hav
ing
the
sho
uld
ery
ou
r sec
reta
rycr
ies
on
.
286
WH
AT
LAw
ScH
OO
LD
oES!
"'TTE
ACH
YO
U••
•B
lITYo
uRE
ALIY
NEE
DTC
KNow
The
'Peo
ple"
Part
OfW
ork.
It's N
otm
Jat Y
ou're
Like
_,.
287
I've
alre
ady
stre
ssed
tl!e
impo
rtanc
eof
bein
gfr
iend
lyw
ithsu
ppor
tst
affe
rsbu
t as
Hof
stra's
Re:
Jecc
aK
atz-
Whi
tepo
ints
out,
"Be
care
ful a
bout
bein
g~e
one
your
assi
sta:
ltco
mes
toto
talk
abou
t per
sona
l iss
ues.
You
can'
t affo
rdto
bein
that
rcle
o"Th
efa
ctis
, ify
our s
ecrE
tary
com
esto
you
and
lean
son
you
for
advi
ceab
out h
is/h
erpe
rson
alli'
e,it'
sa
min
efie
ld. N
umbe
ron
e,it'
llta
keup
your
valu
able
offic
etim
e.N
umbe
rtw
o,yo
urat
titud
eab
out y
our s
ecre
ta
ryw
illcb
ange
. But
beca
use
you'
rehu
man
, you
'refla
ttere
dw
hen
som
e·on
ew
ants
your
advi
ce. W
atch
out!
You
need
tobe
hum
ane
but w
ary.
Giv
eyo
uras
sist
ant t
heti
neto
get h
elp,
sayi
ngso
met
hing
like,
"I'd
love
tohe
lpou
t but
I'mno
t apr
ofes
sion
al,"
and
refe
r the
mto
ath
erap
ist.
You
can
beun
ders
tand
ing,
but y
ouca
n't b
ea
psyc
holo
gist
.T
his
soun
dsco
ld, b
utre
mem
ber t
hat I
'mon
lyta
lkin
gab
out t
hesi
tua
tionwh~re
you'
rea
bran
d-ne
wla
wye
r.A
fter
aw
hile
you'
llha
vea
track
reco
rdw
ithyo
urse
cret
aysu
chth
atyo
u're
ina
posi
tion
tokn
owth
atth
ey'll
bepr
ofes
sion
alw
hen
they
get t
heir
prof
essi
onal
life
toge
ther
, and
you
can
bem
uch
mor
efle
xibl
e.B
utw
hen
you'
rest
artin
gou
t,yo
udo
n't
know
that
, so
you
can'
t ta~e
the
chan
ce. T
hink
oftr
ying
toex
plai
nto
your
supe
rvis
ing
atto
rney
, "I'm
sorr
yI'm
goin
gto
mis
syo
urde
adlin
e,bu
t my
secr
etar
yha
sbe
encr
ying
onm
ysh
ould
erab
out h
erdi
vorc
e,so
I did
n't
get a
chan
ceto
writ
eth
em
emo
and
she
didn
'tge
t ach
ance
toty
peit.
"
8.F
igu
rin
gou
t exa
ctly
wha
t the
heck
itis
that
secr
etar
ies
do,w
hen
you'
vene
ver h
ada
secr
etar
ybe
fore
As
Car
lton
Fiel
ds' E
ri: A
dam
spo
ints
out,
"It's
hard
tole
arn
dele
ga
tion.
Whe
nyo
uge
t out
,)fla
wsc
hool
, you
'reus
edto
bein
gth
ede
lega
-te
e." W
hat s
ecre
tarie
sac
tual
lydo
varie
sfro
mem
ploy
erto
empl
oyer
, and
thei
rdu
ties
have
evol
ved
over
time.
As
Aki
nG
ump'
sJ.D
. Nea
rysa
ys,
"The
ydo
diff
eren
t thi
ng';
now
than
typi
ng!"
For i
nSta
nce,
they
'llty
piCa
!l!he
lpyo
uw
ithyo
urtim
esh
eets
.T
hey
revi
sedo
cum
ents
(alth
ough
ifyo
u've
only
mad
esm
all m
ista
kes,
it's
prob
ably
fast
erto
jum
p.o
nto
the
com
pute
ran
dm
ake
the
chan
ges
your
self.
As
St.
Tho
mas
'M
iche
lleFo
ngye
epo
ints
out,
"Yo'
l!se
cret
ary
isn'
t sitt
ing
ther
ew
aitin
gfo
r you
toco
me
upw
ithw
ork.
Som
etim
esit'
sea
sier
todo
ityo
urse
lf."]
. You
can
expe
ctth
emto
help
out w
ithdi
strib
utio
ns,
putti
ngon
eof
each
docu
m
ent i
nto
each
pack
et. T
hey
can
help
draf
t,or
edit
ifyo
udi
ctat
eyo
urdo
cum
ents
.Er
icA
dam
spo
ints
out
that
"The
y're
grea
tpr
oofr
eade
rsbe
caus
eth
eyar
en't
law
yers
. The
y'll
catc
hst
uff t
hat y
ou'll
mis
sbe
caus
eyo
u're
too
fam
iliar
with
your
own
wor
k."
The
yal
soac
t as
liais
onw
ithop
posi
ngco
unse
l and
they
'llhe
lpou
t with
sche
duli
ng.
You
shou
ldal
sore
mem
ber
that
your
secr
etar
yis
your
only
line
ofde
fens
ew
hen
peop
lear
elo
okin
gfo
ryo
u.A
lway
ste
llyo
urse
cret
ary
whe
reyo
uar
e,w
heth
erit'
sth
elib
rary
, atra
inin
gse
ssio
n,th
eba
thro
om,
anyw
here
.H
ofst
ra's
Reb
ecca
Kat
z-W
hite
sugg
ests
that
you
"he
prep
ared
todo
your
own
wor
dpr
oces
sing
toav
oid
rely
ing
ona
secr
etar
y.A
skyo
urse
cre
tary
tote
ach
you
shor
tcut
san
dfu
nctio
nke
ysto
limit
the
amou
ntof
time
your
secr
etar
yw
ill
have
tosp
end
onyo
urw
ork.
You
rse
cret
ary
wil
lap
prec
iate
it."
As
ane
wla
wye
r you
'relik
ely
tobe
shar
ing
ase
cret
ary
(ifyo
uge
t one
atal
l).
The
pers
on(o
rpe
ople
)yo
u're
shar
ing
with
will
bem
ore
seni
orth
anyo
u.Y
ouha
veto
bem
indf
ulof
this
for
two
reas
ons.
Num
ber o
ne, a
sR
ebec
caK
atz-
Whi
tepo
ints
out,
"You
need
tobe
caut
ious
not t
ost
epon
the
toes
ofth
em
ore
seni
orpe
rson
."Be
cons
ciou
sof
whe
n,an
dho
w, t
he'
othe
rla
wye
rsus
eth
ese
cret
ary.
Also
rem
embe
rth
atth
ese
cret
ary
wil
lha
vein
fluen
cew
ithth
ela
wye
rsw
ithw
hom
you
shar
ehi
mor
her.
As
one
law
yer p
oint
sou
t,"W
hen
I was
ane
was
soci
ate,
I sha
red
ase
cret
ary
with
apo
wer
ful
partn
er.
Iga
vehe
ra
Chr
istm
aspr
esen
tan
dm
ade
abso
lute
lysu
reth
atsh
elik
edm
e,be
caus
esh
eha
dth
epa
rtner
'sea
r."Fi
nally
, don
'tov
erlo
okpe
rhap
sth
em
ost v
alua
ble
cont
ribu
tion
your
secr
etar
yca
nm
ake:
(Sjh
e'll
prob
ably
bepl
ugge
din
toth
eem
ploy
er's
grap
evin
e,an
dca
npa
ssal
ong
toyo
uva
luab
lein
side
skin
ny. E
spec
ia11
yif
the
new
sis
bad
-it c
once
rns
som
ebod
y's
nega
tive
opin
ion
ofyo
u,fo
rin
stan
ce-b
esu
reto
say
than
kyo
uan
dno
tbe
tray
any
emot
ion.
You
need
tokn
oww
hat's
bein
gsa
id,
and
ifyo
upu
nish
your
secr
etar
yfo
rte
lling
you,
you'
lldi
scou
rage
her f
rom
telli
ngyo
uan
ythi
ngel
se.
9.L
ea
rnh
ow
long
adm
inis
trat
ive
func
tion
sta
ke,
and
act
acco
rdin
gly.
288
WIW
lAw
ScH
OO
LD
oE;N
'rTE
ACH
YOU
... B
urYo
uRE
AllY
NEED
TOKN
owTh
e"P
eopl
e"Pa
ItO
fWor
k.It'
s Not
fI1Ja
t YO/
I 're L
ike..
.28
9In
orde
r to
mak
eyo
urde
adlin
es, y
oune
edto
know
how
long
itta
kes
todo
ever
ythi
ngth
atYO
Lodo
n't d
o.Ph
otoc
opyi
ng, f
aJdn
g,w
ord
proc
ess'
ing,
enve
lope
stuf
fing
-the
yal
l tak
etim
e.A
skpe
ople
who
regu
larly
doth
ese
task
Sfo
r rul
esof
thum
bab
out h
owlo
ngth
eyta
ke. O
nce
you
know
,yo
uca
nbu
ildth
isin
form
atio
nin
toyo
ursc
hedu
leso
that
you'
reno
t ~on
stan
tlyra
cing
tosu
ppor
t sta
ffer
s with
afr
antic
last
·min
ute
rush
proJe~.
Mos
t peo
ple
don'
tbot
hET
with
this
, and
ifyo
udo
, the
supp
ort s
taff
will
notic
ean
dap
prec
iate
it.lf
you'
rego
ing
tobe
givi
ngsu
ppor
t sta
ffer
s wor
kla
teat
nigh
t,D
en'
ver's
Jerin
ifer L
oud
Ung
arsu
gges
tsth
atyo
u"L
etsta
ffpe
ople
know
abOu~
itas
soon
asyo
uca
n.C
opy
room
peop
le, w
ord
proc
esso
rs-t
hey
appr
eCl'
ate
bein
gw
arne
d.If
yOL
don'
t giv
eth
emno
tice
up~nt,
you
riskth~
poss
ibili
tyth
atno
body
will
beav
aila
ble
tohe
lpyo
uou
t.Fu
rther
mor
e,if
you'
rego
ing
tone
edhe
lpaf
ter
hour
s-ty
pica
llyaf
ter
5p.
m. o
r so
-be
lIel
)'car
eful
. Ove
rtim
ew
ork
cost
sem
ploy
ers a
l~t o
f ~oney,.
and
itw~'t
refle
ctw
ell o
nyo
urco
mpe
tenc
eif
you'
rero
uune
lym
eurn
ngov
ertim
eex
pens
es.
10,
Le
arn
how
tous
eoI
Do!
equi
pmen
t,es
peci
aIlY
ifyou
wor
lefo
r the
gove
rnm
ent.
I kno
w, I
know
-you
':eth
inki
ng, w
hen
amI g
oing
toge
t to
the
poin
tw
here
I'mth
eon
ew
hodo
esn'
t hav
eto
know
how
offic
em
achi
nes
wor
k?Th
ean
swer
is:N
etye
t Whe
nyo
u're
new
, Mic
helle
Fong
yee
sug
gests
that
you
"Lea
rnth
efa
Xan
dth
eco
pym
achi
ne, a
nd~ect:o
pick
upth
eph
one.
You
r sec
reta
ryca
n't p
ick
upev
ery
call,
esPe
Cla
llyif
(s)~
ew
orks
for
othe
rlawye~
asw
ell.
Try
tohe
lpou
t.Y
our
secr
etar
yW
illap
prec
iate
itan
dyo
urw
c rk
will
get d
one.
".
Ifyo
uw
ork
for
the
gove
rnm
ent,
your
secr
etar
ial h
elp
islik
ely
tobe
scan
t ind
eed.
One
gove
rrm
ent l
awye
r sai
dth
at"I
alwaY
Sdo
my
own t
yp
ing,
copy
ing,
faxe
s,en
velo
pes.
Ever
ybod
yhe
redo
es. W
eha
vea
secr
e·ta
rybu
t she
wor
ksfo
r us
acco
rdin
gto
seni
ority
, so
whe
nyo
u're
new
you
~t
coun
t on
anyt
hing
bein
gdo
nefo
r you
. But
beca
use
ever
ybod
y's
inth
esa
me
boat
, you
don'
t fee
l lik
ea
mar
tYr-"
11.
How
toha
ndle
mis
take
syo
urse
cret
arY
mak
es
You
'repr
obab
lyth
inki
ngth
atyo
u're
wor
ried
enou
ghab
out y
our
own
com
pete
nce;
you
don'
t wan
t to
cont
empl
ate
Whe
ther
orno
t you
r sec
re
tary
can
doa
good
job!
But
the
fact
is, y
our
secr
etar
yis
hum
an,
too.
(S)h
e'II
mak
em
ista
kes.
AsLe
wis
and
Cla
rk's
Usa
Lesa
gesa
ys,
"Don
't?a
me~ut
over
mist
akes
. Be
cons
truct
ive!
"If
you
find
that
your
secr
etar
yIS
rout
inel
ym
akin
gm
ista
kes,
beca
refu
l how
you
hand
leit
Don
'tpo
int
finge
rs.
Inst
ead,
calm
Iysa
yso
met
hing
like,
"The
last
two
brie
fsIw
rote
wen
t out
with
out t
herig
htat
tach
men
ts. P
artn
erX
real
lych
ewed
me
out.
How
can
we
mak
esu
reth
atit
does
n't h
appe
nag
ain?
Any
sugg
estio
TlS
for
how
we
can
chan
geth
ings
?"Be
care
ful
abou
tth
ech
ange
syo
uin
sti·
tute
-if y
ou're
too
anal
YOU'
lldr
ive
your
secr
etar
ycr
azy.
One
atto
rney
talk
edab
out a
colle
ague
athi
sfir
mw
hoha
dbe
enbu
rned
whe
nhi
sse
c·re
tary
put t
hew
rong
lette
rsin
enve
lope
san
dse
ntth
emo
ut A
fter t
hat
With
ever
ysu
hseq
uent
secr
etar
yhe
had,
hem
ade
sure
that
befo
reth~
secr
etar
yse
aled
any
enve
lope
, she
'dha
veto
brin
g!t t
ohi
mto
see
that
she'd
stuf
fed
them
corre
ctly
. His
secr
etar
ies
wen
t nut
s doi
ngth
is. A
sth
eat
torn
eypo
inte
dou
t,"Y
ouca
nbe
pick
y,bu
t you
have
tobe
min
dful
ofhu
man
natu
re.•
Ifth
em
ista
kes
keep
happ
enin
g-in
othe
r wor
ds, y
our s
ecre
tary
isan
idio
t-ag
ain,
don'
t be
blun
tAs
Chi
cago
·Ken
t'sSt
epha
nie
Rev
erC
husa
ys, "
Thin
kha
rdbe
fore
you
com
plai
n-yo
udo
n't w
ant t
oge
t are
puta
·tio
nas
bein
gdi
ffic
ult t
ow
ork
with
, oth
erw
ise
you'
IIge
t bou
nced
from
secr
etar
yto
secr
etar
y."
Go
toth
eof
fice
man
ager
(ifth
ere
ison
e)or
asu
perv
iSin
g.at
torn
eyan
dsa
yso
met
hing
alon
gth
elin
esof
, "I'm
havi
ngtro
uble
getti
ngm
yse
cret
ary
todo
X.C
anyo
ugi
vem
eso
me
advi
ceab
out
how
I oug
htto
hand
leit?
"Th
efa
cts
them
selv
esw
illte
llan
ybod
yex
actly
whe
reth
epr
oble
mlie
s;yo
udo
n't n
eed
toed
itoria
lize.
Ifyo
uta
keth
isap
proa
ch, Y
OU'll
solv
eth
epr
oble
mW
ithou
t see
min
glik
ea
jerk
your
self.
Inci
dent
ally
; rem
embe
r tha
t whe
nit
com
esto
wor
kth
atgo
esth
roug
hyo
urse
cret
ary,
you
're
resp
onsi
ble.
It's
effe
ctiv
ely
your
mis
take
. As
Ven
ab
le, B
aetje
r'sSt
efan
Tuck
ersa
ys, "
Ifyo
use
nda
lette
rto
'Dea
r Dav
id' a
ndR
icha
rdSm
ithis
the
addr
esse
e,th
ere
stof
wha
t you
say
isiIT
elev
ant I
t'sea
syto
~lame
your
secr
etar
y.B
utth
ebu
ckdo
esn'
t eve
nst
opW
ithyo
u-i
tst
ops
With
your
boss
.•O
nela
wye
rta
lked
abou
t an
indd
ent w
here
her
secr
etar
yac
cide
ntal
lyse
nta
draf
tdo
cum
ent
toop
posin
l!.co
unse
l."J
290
WHK
r lA
wSc
HO
OL
DoE
SN'T
TEAC
HYo
u••
•B
urYo
oR
EA
llYNE
EDTO
KNow
The'
Peo
ple'
Parr
OfW
ork.
It's N
otM
lat Y
OUTe
like
. ..
291
look
edst
upid
. Ish
ould
n't h
a"e
allo
wed
itto
bese
nt, e
ven
thou
ghit
was
tech
nica
llym
yse
cret
ary
who
:lid
it"
12.
You
'rea
wom
an, y
our s
eaet
ary'
sa
wo
man
-yo
u'v
ego
t som
esp
ecia
l iss
ues
toco
nfro
nt.
Whe
nyo
u're
the
sam
ege
nder
asyo
urse
cret
ary,
you'
vego
t aw
hole
adde
ddy
nam
icgo
ing
on. E
spec
ially
ifyo
u're
youn
ger
than
your
secr
e·ta
ry, y
ou're
likel
yto
befa
ced
with
are
alau
thor
itypr
oble
m. I
talk
edw
ithm
any
youn
gfe
mal
eat
torn
eys
who
bem
oane
dth
efa
ctth
atth
eir
secr
eta
ries
just
wou
ldn'
t do
thei
rw
ork.
Una
nsw
ered
phon
es. M
essa
ges
not
take
n.W
ork
put o
nth
ebo
ttom
ofth
epi
le.
How
toha
ndle
it?Y
ou've
got a
fine
line
tow
alk.
On
the
one
hand
,yo
uca
n't b
eto
obu
ddy·
budd
y.Y
ouca
n't
let t
hem
thin
kth
atbe
caus
eyo
u're
frien
ds,
they
can
wal
kal
l ove
r you
. As o
nefe
mal
ela
wye
r poi
nted
out,
"Afte
r the
secr
etar
yth
Iow
syo
ua
baby
show
er, i
t'sha
rdto
say,
'Ine
edth
isby
10a.
m.'"
Ifyo
t've
shar
edth
ede
tails
ofyo
urpe
rson
allif
e,yo
urda
ting
fiasc
os, y
our f
am:1
ypr
oble
ms
With
your
secr
etar
y,it'
sha
rdto
asse
rtau
thor
ity. S
oyo
uw
ant t
obe
frien
dly,
but n
otfri
ends
.O
nth
eot
her h
and,
you
d,on
'tw
ant t
obe
the
quee
nbe
e.Be
sens
itive
toth
epo
ssib
ility
that
your
s~cretary
does
n't v
iew
you
asa
"rea
lbo
ss."
She
mig
htba
lkat
bein
gas
ked
orto
ldto
doth
ings
byyo
u.If
you
dete
ctth
isth
ebe
stad
vice
I hea
rdw
asto
beca
lman
dst
raig
htfo
rwar
dab
out i
t,
Hum
our
help
s.O
neyo
ung
wom
anas
soci
ate
told
ofar
rivin
gfo
r her
first
day
ofw
ork,
and
havi
nghe
rse
cret
ary
bold
lysa
y:"I
don'
t lik
ew
orki
ngw
ithw
omen
atto
rney
s."Th
eas
soci
ate
laug
hing
lyre
plie
d,"W
ell,
1don
'tre
ally
like
wor
king
with
won
ense
cret
arie
s,bu
t why
don'
t we
just
take
this
one
day
ata
time
and
see
how
itgo
es?"
They
got a
long
grea
t afte
rth
atl Geo
rget
own'
sA
bbie
Will
ard
reco
mm
ends
that
you
"Non
-thre
aten
ingl
y,an
dW
ithou
t ang
er, s
ay, '
Itw
en't
serv
eei
ther
one
ofus
ifyo
udo
n't d
om
yw
ork.
It'll
refle
cton
you.
I kno
wyo
u're
used
tom
ale
boss
es. B
utm
yw
ork
need
sto
get d
one.
I und
erst
and
it,I'v
eha
dth
ese
issue
sm
ysel
f.'Pu
t it o
nth
eta
blel
"G
eorg
etow
n's
Bel
t She
rman
sugg
ests
, "Te
nyo
urse
cret
ary,
'Ikn
owyo
u're
real
lybu
sydo
ing
wor
kfo
rX,
but
Ine
edm
yph
one
answ
ered
. How
can
we
doth
at?'"
Hof
stra
'sC
arol
ine
Levy
tells
you
to"R
ecog
nize
that
wha
t you
r sec
re
tary
does
isan
area
ofex
perti
se. Y
ou're
wor
king
with
them
asa
team
.Sh
owde
fere
nce
tow
hat y
ouca
nle
arn
from
het A
sk, '
Can
you
tell
me
how
this
isdo
ne?'
or'D
oth
eyse
nda
cour
tesy
copy
ofth
isto
the
judg
e?'
Inst
ead
ofsa
ying
'Get
this
mot
ion
type
d!' t
ry, '
How
does
Xlik
eto
star
thi
sm
otio
ns?'
Ifyo
uin
conv
enie
nce
them
, apo
logi
zel
Say,
'I'm
sorry
, it
took
me
too
long
tow
rite
this
affid
avit,
can
you
hand
leit
for
me
this
afte
rnoo
n?A
reyo
uw
orki
ngon
anyt
hing
else
?I'
llta
lkto
the
attQ
rney
you'
redo
ing
wor
kfo
rrig
htno
w,..
' It's
real
lya
mat
ter
ofbe
ing
polit
ean
dta
ctfu
l.'"
Itm
aybe
that
desp
iteyo
urbe
stef
fOrts
, you
rse
cret
ary
isde
adse
tag
ains
t wor
king
for
aw
oman
and
ther
e's
noth
ing
you
can
doto
chan
geth
atO
nefe
mal
eas
soci
ate
talk
edab
out b
eing
assi
gned
ase
cret
ary
who
wou
ldn'
tev
enac
knO
Wle
dge
her
exis
tenc
e.Sh
etr
ied
bein
gfr
iend
ly,
plea
ding
, beg
ging
, caj
olin
g--n
othi
ng. W
hen
the
asso
ciat
esu
btly
brou
ght
upth
em
atte
r to
othe
r ass
oCia
tes,
they
bree
zily
resp
onde
d,"O
b,D
iana
hate
sw
orki
ngfo
rw
omen
. She
does
that
toev
ery
wom
ansh
e'sas
sign
edto
."Th
eas
soci
ate
wen
tst
raig
htto
the
secr
etar
ial
supe
rvis
oran
dde
scrib
edth
epr
oble
m-i
t was
n't a
surp
rise.
The
asso
ciat
epo
inte
dou
t,"I
wan
ted
tow
ork
with
her,
but s
heju
stw
asn'
t hav
ing
itm
tlmat
ely,
the
wor
k's
got t
oge
t don
e,an
dif
she
wou
ldn'
t do
it-I
need
edso
meb
ody
Who
wou
ld,"
F.B
IRD
SD
oIT
,B
EE
SD
oIT
...
TH
EIN
SA
ND
OU
TS
Of
Off
iCE
RO
MA
NC
ES
It's
too
easy
tosa
y"H
olst
eryo
urlib
ido"
whe
nit
com
esto
offic
ero
man
ces,
alth
ough
it's
true
that
abst
inen
ceis
the
only
way
togu
aran
tee
YO
U'll
neve
rge
tin
toro
man
tictro
uble
atth
eof
fice.
"Don
'tge
t you
r hon
eyw
here
you
get y
our
mon
ey"
isce
rtain
lyth
est
anda
rdto
wh
ich
you
shou
ldas
pire
. As
one
law
yer
put i
t,"L
eave
the
offic
ean
dta
kea
cold
show
er!"
I've
hear
dst
ory
afte
rst
ory
abou
t rom
ance
sgo
neba
d,an
dso
met
imes
they
invo
lve
spec
tacu
lar b
adju
dg·
men
t The
partn
erm
arrie
dto
afe
llow
parto
erw
ho's
preg
nant
, whi
lehe
'sha
vin
ga
rom
ance
With
afe
mal
eas
soci
ate
inan
othe
rde
partm
ent a
t the
sam
efir
m.
Peop
lebr
aggi
ngab
out h
owm
any
sum
mer
cler
ksth
ey'v
e"n
aile
d."
As a
utho
r
NEW
LAWYERSURVIVAL
GUIDE
AOVICE FROM THE
TRENCHES ON HOW TO LIVE
YOUR LIFE IN THE LAW
ILLINOIS STAlEBAR ASSOCIATION
and
...ISBA MUTUALINSURANC& COMPANY
copyright Illinois State Bar Assoc1atin
R-E-S-P-E-C-TTHE PROFESSIONAL
SUPPORT STAFF
Remember lhat part of successfully working in anyoffice, public or private, requires a team approach toaccomplishing the goals of the organization. Professional support staff are just as important as attorneysin getting the job done properly. Professional supportstaff may include such persons as secretaries, paralegalsand librarians.
Wilh the propel' team approach, and by treating othersas you would wanl to be treated, you can form solidworking relationships. Remember that working withstaff is a two-way sh'eel-they are there to help you, butyou must also help them by fostering a positive workenvironment.
The keys to a solid professional relationship with suppOl1 staff include respect, consideration, good communication, and basic courtesy.
Respect - Support staff are on the front lines for attorneys and deserve Ihe utmost respect. They have to dealwith the public, clients, and all of the members of youroffice. Tasks often include answering phones, filing,transcribing dictation, copying, faxing, research, mailings, etc. These all require attention to detail and goodorganization, especially when working wilh multipleattorneys.
COllsideratioll - Be patient with staff as you get toknow one another. It takes a while for learn members toappreciate each others strengths and weaknesses. Do notoverload your support staff with tasks. When you presenitasks, be mindful of time constrains and feelings. If you
4
share support staff with other attorneys, remember thatthey all are placing similar demands on support staff, somake sure your timeframe for completing tasks is reasonable under the circumstances.
Good Communication - Do not expect support staffto read your mind. Give clear directions, write legibly,and prioritize your requests.
Ilujlt; Cuudf:~JI - Du HUi. Jurgd LV say piease andthank you. This may sound elemenlary, but when youtreat your co-workers with respect, it helps fosler a positive team environment. Little things, such as greetingyour co·workers in the morning, showing conce11l forthem, and praising a job well done are ail ways to showcourlesy.
Second Edition
•
ro esslona• ••
es onslll
The Legal Assistant'sPractical Guide to
18\Df"""",IIIHr/fV
CU ~Yr' i y h t l\Ir"""IMUn
Center for Professional Responsibility· American Bar Association
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EFIN
ING
THE
UN
AU
THO
RIZE
DPR
Aff
iCE
OFLA
w
~ ~ ~.,...
Ci::
iI
fi:t:i
i •\
~ ~.
.. ~ !U
nau
thor
ized
Pra
ctic
eo
fL
aw
*11
!.
Sim
ply
beca
use
ala
wye
rof
ten
perf
orm
Sa
cert
ain
func
tio
ndo
esno
t nec
e$Sa
rily
mak
eit
the
prac
tice
ofla
w. B
oth
law
yers
and
lega
las
sist
ants
ofte
nfil
lin
blan
kson
sian
da
rdize
dfo
rms,
hand
lero
utin
ete
leph
one
calls
from
clie
nts,
and
mai
ntai
nle
gal
files
.B
utle
gal
assi
stan
tsar
era
pidl
ybe
com
ing
skill
edat
prov
idin
gan
ever
-ina
easi
ngra
nge
ofIa
w-re
late
dse
IVic
es,
and
ther
efor
eid
entif
ying
whi
chse
rvi
ces
requ
ire
ala
wye
r'se:
xper
tise
isim
po
rta
nt
Sim
ply
put,
lega
las
sist
ants
may
cond
uct
any
law
-rel
ated
serv
ices
atw
hich
they
are
com
pet<
!lll,
proI
Iided
they
dono
ten
gage
inth
e·l.
1I1a
UtM
rized
prac
tice
of
law
."T
he.
unau
thor
ized
prac
tice
ofla
w(lJ
PL)
isth
epr
acti
ceo
fla
wby
som
eone
who
does
not h
old
aa
me
n! l
awtic
:ens
e-
Whi
leth
isst
anda
rdis
easy
toar
tia1
Iale
,it
isdi
ffic
ult
toap
ply.
One
reas
onis
that
the
defin
ition
ofth
apr
actic
eof
law
vari
esfr
omju
risdi
ctio
nto
juris
dict
iOn
and
can
bequ
iteva
gue.
Ano
ther
reas
onis
that
the
line
betw
een
lega
l
• • ...
• • • • •"'~~
THE
I.w.c
Ass
1Sl!)
f(si'R
AOlC
ALGU
IDE
10PR
OF!5
S1llN
AlRE
Sl'O
NSlB
ILIT
Y
\,
""""
'es
p.-o
perl
-;co
nduc
t.'C
!b
yle
gal
ass
ista
nts
an
dth
eu
nau
tho
rize
dp
<ac
lic
eof
law
ofte
nha
sbe
ena
mat
ter
ofco
nten
tiOn
betw
een
vario
usgr
oups
inth
ele
gal c
omm
unity
.
Itis
imp
ort
an
t to
keep
inm
ind
that
the
abilit
yto
pIaC
lice
law
lega
llyis
not
arig
ht,
but I
athe
Ta
li"""
,;egr
ente
dby
ago
vern
men
ten
tity
.E
ach
juri
sdic
lio
nse
tsits
own
requ
iren
ents
for
alic
ense
.A
licen
seto
prac
tice
law
is,
with
limite
dex
cept
ions
,:-e
stric
led
tope
!SO
nsw
hoha
vesa
tisfie
dce
rtlin
requ
irem
ents
esta
blis
hed
byth
ehi
ghes
tco
urt
ofa
juris
dict
ion,
usua
llya
degr
eefr
oman
accr
edite
dla
wsc
hool
,a
pass
ing
scor
eon
the
juri
sdic
tion'
sba
rex
amin
atio
n,an
dgo
onno
ral c
hara
cter
.
Stat
ere
gula
lions
prot
ect
cons
umer
sby
requ
iring
ath
resh
old
leve
lof
sI<iII
and
plac
ing
ethi
cal c
onst
r.lin
tson
1aW
Y"lS
inth
eir d
eliv
ery
ofse
rvic
es.
Unt
ilre
cenI
!y,
nopa
ralle
lst
al"
regu
latio
nsap
plie
dto
nonl
aWY
"lS;
cons
umer
sw
hoob
tain
\ega
lse
rvi=
from
nonl
aWY
"lS
doso
with
out
the
bene
fit
ofst
ale-
impo
sed
safe
guar
ds. I
n20
01,
how
ever
,a
new
Cal
iforn
iala
wre
gula
t·in
gpa
rale
gals
beca
me
eff,>
Cliv
e.lIt
rem
ains
tobe
seen
whe
ther
ow
juri
s.di
ctio
nsw
illfo
llow
suit
.
•UN
AUTH
ORTZ
EDPR
ACT
ICE
OF
LAw
RU
LES
AB
AM
odel
Rul
e5.
5fO
lbid
sa
law
yer
from
assi
stin
gan
othe
r,in
clud
ing
ano
nlaw
yer,
inth
ell!
lllII
Itoriz
edpI
aClic
eof
law
.-It
does
not
defi
neth
epI
aClic
eof
law
,le
avin
gth
atto
the
indi
vidu
alju
risdi
ctio
ns.3
Asno
ted
ear
lier,
eveI
Yju
risdi
ctio
nha
s one
orm
ore
law
spr
ohib
ilil\g
the
unau
thor
ized
prac
tice
ofla
w;
iilm
ost
plac
esit
isa
mis
dem
eano
rpu
nish
able
byM
eor
impr
ison
men
t.
Acc
ordi
ngto
Can
on' 3
ofth
eN
AlA
Cod
eo
fE
thic
san
dP
rofe
ssio
nal
Res
pons
ibili
ty,
a\e
gal a
ssis
tant
shal
l not
enga
gein
the
unau
thor
ized
'pra
ctic
eof
law
.E
C-l
.8(a
)of
the
NFP
AM
odel
Cod
eo
fE
thic
sa
nd
Pro
fes
sion
alR
espo
nsib
ilit
ypr
ovid
esth
ata
\ega
l ass
ista
ntsh
all c
ompl
yw
ithth
eap
plic
able
lega
l aut
hori
ty\!Q
Ve!
:nln
gth
etin
auth
oIi2
edpI
aClic
eof
law
.A
llof
thes
eru
les
allo
wa
law
yer
tode
l<>a
ate
cert
ain
worl<
toqu
alifie
dle
gal
asSs
!a
nts
aslo
ngas
the
law
yer
supe
rvis
esth
ew
ork
and
reta
ins
resp
onsi
bilit
yfo
rth
ew
ork
prod
uct.
Ii:;:I
i
I±+i
I.J:
.,
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l.,;
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R:t3, i
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iI.·. I
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• • • • •U
naut
horiz
edP
ract
ice
ofL
aw@
.B
eca
use
the
lega
las
sisl
=t's
wor
kis
depe
nden
tup
onth
ela
wye
r'ssu
peM
si
on, t
hela
wye
r mus
t be
iila
posi
tion
toas
sum
ere
spon
sibi
lity
for
the
wor
k.Th
us,
for
exam
ple,
if·th
ela
wye
r'slic
ense
has
been
susp
ende
d,th
ele
gal
assi
stan
tm
ayno
tco
ntin
ueto
perf
orm
dutie
son
beha
lfof
the
law
yer
that
are
pa
rio
f the
busi
ness
man
ageT
nent
ofa
law
pIaC
lice,
such
aspr
oduc
ing
and
com
mun
icat
ing
abou
t ple
adin
gs, i
nfor
min
gcl
ient
sof
upco
min
ghe
arin
gda
tes,
orap
pris
ing
clie
nts
ofth
est
atus
ofth
eir
lega
lm
atte
rs.4
Asu
spen
ded
law
yer
shou
ldm
ake
plan
sfo
ran
othe
rla
wye
rto
assu
me
resp
onsi
bilit
yfo
rth
ew
ork
ofth
ele
gal a
ssis
tant
.O
theI
Wise
, the
lega
l ass
ista
ntco
uld
begu
ilty
ofth
eun
auth
oIi2
edpr
actic
eof
law
.
•TH
EPR
Am
CE
OFLA
wA
ctiv
i!:y
that
cons
titut
esth
epr
actic
eof
law
ises
tabl
ishe
dby
each
juris
dic
tion,
and
the
defi
nitio
nva
ries
from
juris
dict
ion
toju
risdi
ctio
n.s
Whi
leso
me'
juris
dict
ions
have
crea
ted
prec
ise
defin
ition
s,w
ithsp
ecilic
exce
ptio
ns,
man
yof
the
curr
ent
defin
ition
sar
eop
en-e
nded
, with
cour
tsde
edin
gon
aca
se-b
y-ca
seba
sis
whe
theT
ane
wfo
rmof
deiro
eIy
ofle
gal s
ervi
ces
does
ordo
esno
t con
stitu
teth
epr
actic
eo
f law
.
Inei
ther
even
t,th
ere
are
thre
ety
pes
ofac
tiviti
esth
atar
em
ost
com
mon
lyci
ted
asbe
iilg
the
prac
tice
ofla
w. T
hey
are:
givi
ng\e
gal a
dvic
e,re
pres
entin
ga
part
yiil
c:ow
t,an
dpr
eper
ing
lega
ldo
cum
ents
.6A
lmos
t all
activ
ities
that
can
beco
nsid
eTed
the
prac
tice
ofla
war
een
com
pass
edw
ithin
thes
eth
ree
cate
gori
es, w
hich
are
disc
usse
dbe
low
. Thi
slis
t.ho
wev
er,
isno
t all-
incl
usiv
e,an
dco
urts
have
held
thet
othe
r act
iviti
esal
soco
nstit
ute
the
prac
tice
ofla
w.
•G
IVIN
GLE
GAL
AD
VIC
E
The
tem
ptat
ion
togi
vele
gal
advi
ceis
ach
aRen
geth
atal
mos
tev
eIY
lega
las
sist
ant.
enco
unte
rsda
ily.
Dur
ing
the
span
ofa
care
er,
lega
las
sist
ants
beco
me
quite
fam
iliar
with
cert
aiil
prac
tice
area
s.T
hey
lear
nth
ean
swer
sto
man
yco
mm
oncl
ient
ques
tions
.
IIca
nbe
veIY
teTn
ptin
gto
resp
ond
toa
clie
nt's
inqU
iryw
han
one
belie
ves
thel
heor
she
know
sth
ean
swer.
Thi
sis
espe
cial
lybu
ew
hen
acl
ient
is
• • • • •TH
E!..£
GAL
Ass!5
rAHr
'sPR
ACl
IEA
lGU
IDE
roPR
OFE
SSlO
llAl
RESP
OlIS
IBIll
1Y
<-ke
ptw
aitin
gun
tila
law
yEri
sav
aila
ble
toan
swer
the
ques
tion.
How
ever
,the
..le
gal
...._
,an
dth
ele
gal
assi
sian
tsho
old
resp
onse
may
amou
nttc,
gMrlg
auv,
"",
.,
.re
fert
hequ
estio
nto
the
law
yerw
itha
stat
emen
tsuc
has
Tha
tsa
ques
tion
you
shou
lddi
scus
sw
ithth
ela
wye
r.'
l.
Cou
rtsha
vetr
aditi
onal
lyap
plie
dth
ree
test
sto
dete
rmin
ew
heth
erco
nduc
tco
nstit
utes
the
givi
ngof
lega
lad
vice
.T
hefu
stte
stis
whe
ther
the
advi
ce
give
nis
genera
l1lru
nd
""to
od
tore
quire
lega
lsk
illor
Imbw
iedge
.7T
hese:
and
test
isw
heth
erth
eco
nver
satio
nin
volv
esad
visi
ngso
meo
neof
thei
rle
gal
right
s.8
Mos
tco
urt;
reco
gniz
ea
stan
dard
eKC
eptio
n,a
resp
onse
toa
clie
nt's
inqu
irydo
esno
tco
nstit
ute
the
rend
ition
ofle
gal
advi
cew
hen
the
Iega
iass
isia
ntm
erel
yac
tsas
aco
ndui
tof
adui
cebe
twee
na
law
yer
and
acl
ient
'Ifa
lega
las
sist
aIJt
does
notc
onve
yan
yth
ough
tsor
advi
ceof
his
orhe
row
n,th
enhe
orsh
eis
notg
ivin
gle
gal
advi
ce,
and
ther
efor
e,no
tpra
ctic
ing
law
.T
hus,
lega
lass
ista
nts
deliv
erin
gin
form
atio
np
urs
ua
ntt
oin
stru
ctio
nan
don
beha
lfof
ala
wye
rsh
oold
alw
ays
bece
rta
into
mak
etl
clea
rto
the
clie
ntth
atth
ela
wye
'is
the
sour
ceof
the
info
rmat
ion.
The
third
test
isw
he\h
e'th
ead
vice
give
nis
not
norm
ally
give
nby
ano
nla
wye
ras
part
ofan
othE
rbus
ines
sor
tran
sact
ion.
10
Ifso
meo
new
hois
not
aIa
wye
i-di
spen
ses
Jaw
-r2la
ted
adui
cein
furt
hera
nce
ofth
eor
dina
ryco
urse
ofhi
sor
her
regu
larj
ob,
itm
ayno
tam
ount
toth
epr
actic
eof
law
.
Fore
xilff
iple
,man
yba
nl:e
rsan
dfin
anci
alpl
anne
rsre
gula
rlydi
spen
sead
vice
thet
invo
lves
lega
las
pect
sof
inve
stm
enta
ndta
xsi
tuat
ions
.Li
kew
ise,
real
esta
tebr
oker
sro
utin
ely
'illou
tpre
prin
ted
real
esta
teco
ntra
cts
onbe
half
ofth
eir
cust
omer
sas
part
"fth
esa
les't
rans
actio
n.B
ecau
seal
lof
thes
eac
tivi
ties
are
pa
rtof
the
regu
lars
ervi
ces
prov
ided
byth
ese
prof
essi
onal
s,th
eyfa
llou
tsid
eth
ebo
unda
ries
cfth
ele
gal
advi
cete
st
•RE
PRES
ENTA
TIO
NIN
COUR
T
The
ligh
tto
appe
arbe
fore
aco
urta
ndac
ton
beha
lfof
anot
heri
scu
stom
a
rily
rest
rict
edto
licen
sed
law
yers
.Th
ere
are
man
yre
ason
sof
fere
dfo
rth
isre
stri
ctio
n.F
irst
amon
gth
emis
that
tha
righ
tsan
din
tere
sts
ofth
epa
rties
bein
gre
pres
ente
dm
ayno
tbe
fully
safe
guar
ded
whe
nle
ftin
the
hand
sof
anun
trai
ned
pers
on.1
1!t
isal
soof
ten
sugg
este
dth
atth
ead
min
istr
atio
nof
iijJ
I~...,
..E
:dI
E;:
fI
I:;:
fI.1
i::fI
R::!
I-=
sa:
a~ ~ ~ ~
;
I±I
! ;
~,
• • · • • ·U
natJ
thor
ized
Prac
tice
ofL
awe
just
ice
ism
ore
effi
dent
whe
nco
nduc
ted
byla
wye
rssi
nce
they
are
skill
edin
the
rule
sof
evid
ence
and
subs
tant
ive
law
.
The
proh
ibiti
onag
ains
tno
nlaw
yers
actin
gon
anot
her's
beha
lfis
not
rest
ricte
dto
trial
orap
pella
tear
enas
.In
som
ejU
risdi
ctio
nsac
tiviti
essu
chas
answ
erin
gdo
cket
calls
and
requ
estin
gco
ntin
uanc
esar
eal
sopr
ohib
ited.
l2
The
reis
asp
litof
auth
ority
asto
whe
ther
ano
nlaw
yer
may
repr
esen
ta
cred
itora
ta
cred
itors
'mee
ting
inba
nkru
ptcy
proc
eedi
ngs.
IS
Lega
lass
ista
nts
shou
ldde
tenn
ine
wha
t~ctions
are
perm
issi
ble
inth
eir
jum
dict
ion.
Ifth
ele
gala
ssis
tant
'ssu
perv
isin
gIa
wye
i-as
ksth
eas
sist
antt
om
ake
anap
pear
ance
that
ispr
ohib
ited
tono
nlaw
yers
inth
eju
risd
ictio
n,th
ele
gal
assi
stan
tsho
uld
insi
stth
ata
law
yer
appe
arin
stea
d.
The
rear
eso
me
exce
ptio
nsto
the
rule
that
nonI
awye
rsm
ayno
tap
pear
inco
urt.
The
mos
tnot
able
exce
ptio
nis
the
right
ofse
ll-re
pres
enta
tion,
whi
ch.
exis
tsby
stat
ute
infe
dera
lco
urts
"an
dha
sbe
enhe
ldby
the
U.S
.Su
prem
eC
ourt
toap
ply
inst
ate
crim
inal
cour
ts.1
S.
The
tigh
tof
sell-
rePr
esen
tatio
nin
stat
eci
vil
proc
eedi
ngs,
thou
gh,
isle
ssco
ncre
te.S
ome
juris
dict
ions
allo
win
diV
idua
lsto
repr
esen
tthe
mse
lves
whi
leot
heIS
dono
t.'6
The
U.S
.Su
prem
eC
ourt
has
notd
ecid
edth
isis
sue.
Ano
ther
eKC
eptio
nis
the
perm
issi
onth
atno
nIaw
yers
are
gran
ted
tore
pre
sent
indi
vidu
als
befo
rece
rtai
nad
min
istra
tive
agen
des.
Som
eju
Iisdi
ctio
nsp
erm
itla
yre
pres
enta
tion
befo
resp
ecif
ied
stat
eag
enci
es,
thou
ghth
eco
wts
and
legi
slat
ures
ofm
any
ofth
ese
juris
dict
ions
are
divi
ded
on
the
issu
e.'?
Non
law
yer
repr
esen
tatio
nbe
fore
adm
inistr
ative
orqu
asi-j
udic
ialm
es
is
gene
rally
notp
erm
itte
dw
hen
tlw
ould
requ
ire
the
appl
icat
ion
ofle
gal
prin
-'ci
ples
affe
ctin
gth
erig
hts
and
oblig
atio
nsof
the
clie
nt18
Alth
ough
they
have
onoc
casi
onat
tem
pted
todo
so,
stat
esm
ayno
tin
ter
fere
with
ala
ype
rson
'sri
ght
ofre
pres
enla
tion
befo
refe
dera
lag
enci
eslo
cate
dw
tlhin
thef
rju
tisdi
ctio
nif
such
pra
ctic
eis
per
mit
ted
by
fede
ral
Jaw
.Fo
rin
stan
ce,
ast
ate
may
not
proh
ibit
nonl
awye
rsw
hoar
ere
gist
ered
top
ract
ice
befo
reth
eU
.S.P
aten
tO
ffice
from
perf
orm
ing
task
sas
soci
ated
with
prep
arin
gan
dpr
osec
utin
gpa
tent
appl
icat
ions
,ev
enth
ough
such
activ
ities
cons
titut
eth
epr
actic
eof
law
inth
atst
ate.
"Le
gal
assi
stan
ts
Afin
alex
cept
ion
invO
lves
nonl
awye
rre
pres
enta
tion
ofco
rpor
atio
ns.
Thi
sex
cept
ion
can
seem
p=
lin
gbe
caus
eco
rpor
atio
nsar
eno
tin
divi
dual
s.C
orpo
ratio
nsar
ecr
eatu
re, o
fst
atut
ean
dar
ese
para
tele
gal
entit
ies
from
the
pers
ons
who
form
.them
.A
ssu
c:h,
they
have
noin
here
ntri
ght
ofse
lfre
pres
enta
tion.
Juri
sdic
tions
that
perm
itco
rpor
atio
nsto
repr
esen
t the
mse
\ves
requ
ire
them
toap
Pea
r thr
ough
.;, o
ffie
..or~Ioyee
(law
yer
orno
nlaw
yer)
and
usua
llyon
lyw
hen
repr
esen
ting
th,
corp
orat
ion
on
am
atter
invo
lvin
gits
own
busi
ne
ss.21
1O
ther
juri
sdic
tion;
fOlb
idco
rpor
atio
nsto
appe
arth
roug
hno
nla
wye
rs, r
equl
ring
them
tobe
repr
esen
ted
bya
ncen
sedIa
wye
r.2l E
ach
jurt
sdi
ctio
nha
sits
own
UPL
rule
san
dex
cept
ions
.Le
gal
assi
stan
tsm
ust
ther
efor
ebe
fully
fam
iliar
with
the
rest
rict
ions
inth
eir j
Uris
dict
ion.
22
•PR
EPA
RATI
ON
OFLE
GA
LDO
CUM
ENTS
Prep
arat
ion
ofle
gal
docu
nent
sth
ataf
fect
the
lega1
right
san
dre
spon
sibi
litie
sof
othe
r.;
isan
activ
i'li
ofte
nre
striC
led
tola
wye
rs."
Yet
wh
enle
gal
assi
stan
tsw
orki
ngin
ale
wfu
mpr
epar
epr
omis
sory
nete
s,de
eds,
will
s,co
otra
cts,
and
othe
rdo
cum
ents
itis
not c
onsi
dere
dth
eun
auth
omed
pIa
C
tice
ofla
w.
The
reas
onn""
inth
esu
perv
isor
yro
lepl
ayed
byth
ela
wye
r,w
hom
ust r
evie
wth
edo
cum
ent
and
isul
!irna
tely
acco
unla
ble
for
its
accu
ra
cyan
def
fect
iven
ess.
24"fb
isre
quir
emen
tfo
rsu
perv
isio
nw
ascr
eate
dby
AB
AM
odel
Rul
e5.
3re
gard
ing
ala
wye
r'sre
spon
sibi
lity
tosu
perv
iSe
non
law
yer
empl
oyee
s.A
leg<d
assi
stan
tw
oTki
ngfo
ra
law
yer
inco
mpl
ianc
ew
ithth
isru
leca
npr
epar
edo
cum
ents
with
out
fear
ofU
PLvi
olat
ions
.It
isth
eob
ligat
ion
ofth
eIe
ga1
assi
Slan
tan
dth
ela
wye
rto
mak
esu
reth
ew
ork
prod
uct i
sre
view
edb
yth
ela
wye
r bef
ore
itis
Iiled
with
aco
urt O
r age
ncy
orsh
own
toa
clle
ntor
thir
dpa
rty.
The
nego
tiatio
nth
atle
ads
toth
epr
epar
atio
nof
ale
gal d
ocum
ent,
is,
how
ev
er,
adi
ffer
ent
mat
ter.
1hus
,it
has
been
held
that
itis
the
unau
thom
oopr
actic
eof
law
whe
na
nm
wy
erem
ploy
eeof
a'la
wfin
nne
goti
ates
,on
beha
lfof
acr
edito
r,th
e"a
ffir
mat
ion
ofa
debt
that
may
othe
rwis
ebe
dis-
· • • • • •U
naut
hori
zed
Prac
tice
ofLa
w~
char
geab
lein
aba
nkru
ptcy
case
, eve
nth
ough
ala
wye
r for
the
cred
itor l
ater
revi
ewed
the
docu
men
t2S
•O
THER
Am
VI1
1ES
The
prac
tice
ofla
win
clud
esa
host
ofot
her
activ
ities
,so
me
ofw
hich
,by
stat
ute
orcu
stom
,m
aybe
perf
onm
edby
lega
las
siSl
ants
ince
rtai
nju
risdi
ctio
ns.
For
exam
ple,
inW
ISC
Ons
inan
dK
entu
cky,
lega
las
sist
ants
may
atte
ndre
ales
tate
clos
ings
on
beha
lfof
thei
rem
ploy
ing
law
yers
,26
whi
lein
Sou
th.
Car
olin
ait
isim
perm
issi
ble
for
ano
nlaw
yer
toha
ndle
acl
osin
g.27
And
. whi
lein
som
est
ates
ale
gal
assi
stan
t may
atte
nda
depo
sitio
nin
plac
eof
ala
wye
r,N
ewY
ork,
Ore
gon,
and~
forb
idth
ispr
acti
ce."
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, t
here
are
few
brig
htlin
esto
guid
eIe
ga1
assi
stan
tsth
roug
hth
em
aze
ofva
riou
sju
rlsdi
ctio
';"ru
les,
case
law
,an
det
hics
opin
ions
.B
efor
ea
Iega
1as
sist
ant u
nder
take
sa
new
task
, he
orsh
esh
ouJd
chec
k.th
eru
les
ofth
eju
risdi
ctio
nto
conf
irm
that
the
activ
ityis
not t
hepr
acti
ceof
law
.
•M
ISRE
PRES
ENTA
TIO
NOF
STAT
US
M"l
Srep
reSe
rJla
tion
ofon
e's
stat
usis
afor
mof
UP
LT
heul
timat
epu
rpos
eof
all r
ules
ofpr
ofes
sion
alco
nduc
t is
the
prot
ectio
n01
the
publ
ic.If
acl
ient
ism
isled
tobe
lieve
that
ale
gal
assi
stan
tis
ala
wye
r,th
ecl
ient
will
expe
ctth
ele
gal
assi
stan
t to
beab
le10
take
ceri
ain
actio
nsto
adva
nce
his
orhe
rca
seth
atth
ele
gal
assi
stan
t may
eith
erbe
insu
ffic
ient
lyIm
owle
dgea
ble
toun
der
take
orex
pies
sly
proh
ibite
dfr
omta
king
. Suc
hm
isund
erstan
din, w
heth
eroq
:mrin
gin
noce
ntly
or
asth
ere
sult
ofde
liber
ate
clec
eptio
n,m
ayre
sult
inha
rmto
the
cUen
t and
dam
age
toth
ere
puta
tion
ofth
ele
gal p
rofe
ssio
n.
Inor
der t
opr
even
t suc
hm
isun
ders
tand
ings
from
occu
rdng
, the
lega
las
sis
tant
shoU
ldal
way
sdi
sclo
seth
efa
ctth
athe
orsh
eis
not a
law
yer d
urin
gin
itia
l con
tact
with
cIie
nls
orpo
tent
ial c
lient
s.
Inad
ditio
n,be
caus
epe
rson
sw
hore
ceiv
ea
lette
ron
law
firm
stat
ione
rym
ayas
sum
eth
atth
epe
rson
sign
ing
the
lette
ris
ala
wye
rw
ithth
efir
m,
aIe
ga1
assi
stan
tsh
ould
alw
ays
sign
corr
espo
nden
ceb
yin
dica
ting
his
orhe
r
• • • • •~
THE
LEG
AlAs
s!sTA
NI's
PR
Arn
CA
lG
UIDE
TOP
"''''
''ON
Al
RESP
ONS
IBIU
TY
posi
tion
with
the
firm
.F
aiur
eto
doso
cons
titut
esm
isre
pres
enta
tion
ofon
e's
stat
us,
whi
mis
the
lIna
utho
rize
dpr
actic
eof
Iaw
.29
Sud
lm
isre
pre
sent
atio
nol
som
ayle
adto
seve
reec
onom
icre
su1t
s'fo
rth
ela
wfir
m,
asin
the
case
ofa
clas
sac
tion
settl
emen
trel
ated
toal
lege
dvi
olat
ions
ofth
eFa
irD
ebtC
olle
ctio
nPr
actic
esA
:l.30
•NO
NLAW
YER
CO
NTR
IBU
TIO
NS
ENCO
URAG
EO
Alth
ough
unau
thor
ized
prac
tice
ofla
wpr
ohib
ition
sdo
setl
imits
ona
lega
las
sist
ant's
acIi
viti
es,
the
roIe
ofle
gal
assi
staI
IIsin
the
deliv
eIy
ofle
gal
ser
vice
sis
cons
tant
lyex
pand
ing.
The
rear
em
any
situ
atio
nsin
whi
ma
lega
las
sist
ant's
effo
rtsca
nhe
lplO
WEr
lega
lco
sts
and
incr
ease
publ
icac
cess
tole
gals
ervi
ces.
The
AB
AC
omm
issi
onon
Non
law
yer
Prac
tice
unde
rtoo
ka
natio
nwid
est
udy
ofth
eev
olvi
ngro
leof
lega
las
sist
ants
.3l
Aft
erex
tens
ive
rese
arch
,nu
mer
ouS
publ
iche
arin
gs,
and
care
fuld
elib
erat
ions
,the
AB
AC
omm
issi
onca
me
toth
efo
llow
ing
cond
usio
nsre
latin
gdi
rect
lyto
nonl
awye
rpr
actic
e:
--L
.In
crea
sing
acce
ssto
affo
rdab
leas
sist
ance
inID
w-re
later
Jsi
tuat
ions
isan
urge
ntga
olo
fthe
lEga
lpro
fess
ion
and
the
stat
es;
---.2
..Pr
otec
ting
the
publ
icfro
mha
rmfr
ompe
r.;on
spr
ovid
ing
assi
stan
cein
IDw
-rel
ated
situ
atio
ruis
also
anur
gent
goal
;
--.b
.W
hen
adeq
uate
prot
ectio
nsfo
rth
epu
blic
are
inpl
ace.
nonl
awye
r.;ha
veim
portD
rrtr
olEs
tope
rfor
min
prov
idin
gaf
ford
ablE
acce
ssto
just
ice.
32
Tho
ugh
the
repo
rtan
ditS
conc
lusi
ons
have
notb
een
adop
ted
as!'J
3Ap0
l
icy,
the
Com
mis
sion
issu
edre
com
men
datio
nsre
gard
ing
nonl
awye
rinv
olve
m
ent
inth
ede
livet
yof
leja
lse
rvic
es.
(See
the
side
bar
onR
ecom
men
da
tions
ofth
e!'J
3AC
onun
is::i
onon
Non
law
yer
Pra
ctic
eon
page
33.)
Inof
ferin
gIh
ese
reco
mm
mda
tiollS
,th
eC
omm
issi
onno
ted
the
exte
ntof
nonl
awye
rpr
actic
eto
day
,mel
the
expa
ndin
gfo
rms
ofno
nlaw
yer
acl
ivily
inth
ele
galf
iekl
.sa
The
Com
niss
ion
expr
esse
dho
peth
atth
ese
reco
mm
enda
tio
nsw
ould
help
juriS
dict
ions
addr
ess
ques
tions
'of
incr
ease
dno
nlaw
yer
pra
ctic
ean
dde
man
dsfo
rac
cess
tole
gal
serv
ices
.34
~ -;-;;
II :ti"
"
.,
t
I~
I
~ ~ ~ atg -, ~ i ~ ; ~ t~ ;
II;t:m i
aj:
g.j~
• • • •U
naut
horiz
edPr
actic
eof
Law.~
• • ••
THE
lEGAL
Ass1
srArn
'sf'R
Acnt
AlGU
IIl€
roI'R
OfES
SJDN
AlRE
sP01
tSlBI
UlY
(;2]
Lega
lass
ista
nts
may
cond
ucta
nyla
w-r
elat
edse
rvic
esat
wm
chth
eyar
eco
mpe
tent
,pr
ovid
edth
eydo
not
enga
gein
the
unau
thor
ized
prac
tice
ofla
w(U
PL).
Q]
Ever
yju
risd
ictio
nha
sor
eor
mor
ela
ws
proh
ibiti
ngth
eun
auth
oriz
edprac~
tice
ofla
w;
inm
ost
plac
esit
isa
misd
emea
nor
puni
shab
leby
fine
or'
impr
ison
men
t.
(;2]
The
mos
tcom
mon
lyci
ted
type
sof
activ
ities
invo
lved
inth
ede
finiti
ono
f
the
pJac
tice
ofla
war
e~iving
lega
ladv
ice..
repr
esen
ting
apa
rty
inco
urt,
and
prep
arin
gle
gald
oa:m
ents
.
(;2]
Ala
wye
rm
ayde
lega
te<e
rtEin
worK
toqu
alifi
edle
gala
ssis
tant
sas
long
asth
ela
wye
rsu
perv
ises
tfJe
wor
kan
dre
tain
sre
spon
sibi
lity
fur
the
wor
kpr
oduc
t.
ole
gala
ssis
tant
sde
liver
ing
info
rmat
ion
purs
uant
toin
stru
ctio
nan
don
beha
lfof
aLa
wyer
shou
ldal
way
sbe
cert
ain
tom
ake
itde
arto
the
clie
ntth
atth
ela
wye
ris
the
scui
t:eof
the
info
rmat
ion.
(;2]
Ifth
ele
gala
ssis
tant
'ssu
perv
isin
gla
wye
ras
ksth
eas
sist
antt
om
ake
anap
pear
ance
that
ispr
ohiJ
ited
tono
nlaw
yer-
iin
thejurisdietion~~
assi
sta
nt
shou
ldin
sist
that
ala
wye
rap
pear
inst
ead.
(;2]
Ale
gala
ssis
tant
woT
kinr
for
ala
wye
rcan
prep
are
doC
Jmen
tsw
ithou
tfea
ro
fUPL
viol
atio
ns.I
tis~le
oblig
atio
no
fthe
lega
las
sist
anta
ndth
ela
wye
rto
mak
esu
reth
ew
ork
prod
ucti
sre
view
edby
the
law
yer.
(;2]The.leg~l.~nt
shO
Uld
disc
lose
the
fact
that
heor
she
isno
tala
wye
rdu
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the
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eric
anB
arA
ssod
aIio
nre
com
men
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ery
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nito
ryad
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eht
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ww
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bone
t.0
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odek
fef/
task
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e_tp
L42
9.pd
f.4.
See
Mat
tm-o
fTho
nert
,69
3N
.E.2
d55
9(I
nd.
1998
).5.
AB
AM
ODEl
.Rul
Es
Of
PROF
ESSiO
NAL
CoN
Duc
TR
ule
5.5
ant
[2](
2004
1.A
lso
see
http
'//\W
IW.a
bane
t.org
/cpr
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eI-d
efIr
oode
l.d.C
stat
ules
iora
com
pi
latio
nof
stat
ede
finiti
ons
ofth
epr
acIic
eoi
law
.6.
A.B
AIB
NA
Law
yers
'Man
ual
onPr
ofes
sion
alC
ondu
ct21
,800
1,80
04(1
2-22
·199
9).
7.B
aron
v.O
tyoi
Los
Ang
eles
,469
P.2d
353
(CaL
1970
);A
BA
IBN
AL
awye
rs'M
onua
lon
Pro
fess
iono
lCon
duct
21,8
004-
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021
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.8.
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nedy
v.Ba
rkin
oiM
ontg
omer
yC
ount
y,ln
c..5
61A
2d
200
(MdA
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tract
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nre
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cu,
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.Y.S
.2d
209
tN.Y
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.Diy
.19
48).
11.
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l.RlA
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0.9.
at82
9.12
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dvis
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mitt
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o.S
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lnfo
rmal
cp.
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eL
awye
r.;'
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ua'o
nP
rofe
ssio
nal
Con
duct
,21
,801
6(l
2-22
-199
9).
14.
See
28U
.S.C
.16
54(1
994)
.15
.Fa
retta
v.C
alifo
rnia
,42
2U
.S.8
06(1
975)
.16
.Th
eio
IIow
ing
case
sdi
scus
sth
eri
ght
ofse
If-r
epre
sent
atio
nin
civi
lmat
t""
hear
din
stat
eco
urts
,Col
orad
oY
.D
unla
p.62
3P.
2d40
8,41
0(C
olo.
1981
)(c
ou
rt
may
impo
sere
s1Iic
lions
onri
ghti
non
i....
tom
aint
ain
cont
rol
inco
urtro
oml;
Dol>
bi
nsv.
Dob
bins
,216
S.E
.2d
102,
103
(Oa.
1975
)(r
ight
ofse
Il-r
epre
sent
angu
ar
ante
edby
Geo
rgia
Con
stitu
tion)
;A
rmA
rbor
Bank
v.W
eber
.61
N.W
.2d
84,8
6(M
ich.
1953
)(r
ight
ofse
If-r
epre
sent
atio
ngu
arm
rtee
dun
derM
ichi
gan
Con
stitu
tion)
;6I
airY
.M
ayna
ro,
324S
.E.2
d39
1(W
.Va.
1984
)(r
ight
oise
H-r
epIe
SeIll
atio
nin
civi
lpr
ocee
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sis
fund
amen
talr
ight
unde
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inia
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stitu
lion)
.17
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AIB
NA
Law
yer's
Man
ual
onP
rof=
iona
lC
ondu
ct21
,800
9(1
2-22
19
99).
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Bel.
ofEd
ucat
ion
v.N
ewYo
rl<S
tate
Publ
icE
mpl
oym
entR
elat
iOns
Bel••
649
N.Y
.5.2
d52
3(N
.YA
pp.
Div
.19
96);
Inre
B=
on
,90
9S~
W.2d
768
(fen
n.19
95).
18.
A.B
AIB
NA
Law
yer's
Man
ual
onP
rofe
ssio
nol
Con
duct
21,8
009
(12-
22
1999
).•
19.
Spe
nyv.
Har
m,3
73U
.S.
379
(196
3).
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AB
AIB
NA
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yers
'Man
ual
onP
rofe
ssio
nal
Con
duct
21,8
020
(12-
22
1999
).21
.Se
e,e.
g.,
Gre
erv.
Ludw
ick,
241
N.E
.2d
4(II
l.App
.19
68),
22.
The
AB
AC
ente
riOT
Proi
essi
onal
Resp
onso
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njur
Jclio
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ith1h
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andi
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tect
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has]
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lishe
da
• • · • ••
THE
UGAL
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rANT
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GUI
DETO
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ESSI
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the
unau
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w.T
he19
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TICE
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des
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ryof
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AB
AM
odel
Rul
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rA
duis
ory
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nion
son
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and
stat
e-by
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teS
UIv
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sults
conc
erni
ngU
PLde
finiti
on,
enfo
rcem
ent,
rem
edie
s,an
dgu
idel
ines
.23
.Se
e,e.
g.,
R.L
Sup
.C
t,Gu
IDEU
NES
FOR
USE
OF!.E
GAL
Ass
JsrA
ms,
Prov
isi
onal
Ord
erN
o.18
(198
3).B
utse
e,A
rizon
aC
ode
ofJu
dici
alA
dmin
istrW
oo,
Part
7,C
h.2,
§7-
208,
Leg
alD
oaJm
entP
repa
rer
(effe
ctiv
eA
pril
I,20
03),
whi
chpe
rmit
sin
dMdu
ais
certi
fied
purs
uant
toth
atiie
dion
"to
prep
are
orpm
vide
lega
ldoc
umen
ts,
with
outt
hesu
perv
isio
nof
anat
torn
ey,
for
anen
tity
orm
embe
roft
hepu
blic
who
isen
gagi
ngin
self"
ep:e
sent
atio
nin
any
lega
lmat
ter.
·24
.A
BA
CoI1
UI'-
onE
ihic
san
dPr
ofes
sion
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espo
ns;b
ility
,F
orm
alO
p.31
6(1
967)
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tle
ast
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sre
ferr
edto
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Sas
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wet
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er's
own.
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gon
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rei.
Ore
gon
Sta
teBa
rv,
Lens
ke,5
84P.
2d75
9,76
5(O
r.19
78).
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Inre
Car
los,
227
B.R
.535
(Bkr
tcy.
C.D
.C
al.1
998)
.26
.S
eeW
lSCO
llSin
8hic
sO
pb1i
onE
-95-
3(1
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(!:he
para
lega
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tb
epr
o!>"
erly
trai
ned,
insI
nJd.
ed,
and
supe
rvis
ed,
and
the
parti
aJIa
rdo
sing
mus
tb
eun
likel
yto
Inoo
lve
issU
esre
quiri
ngth
epr
esen
ceof
ala
wye
r)an
dC
ount
ryw
ide
Hom
eLo
ans
Inc.
v.Ke
ntuc
kyBa
rAss
'n,
113
S.W
.3d
105
(Ky.
2003
)("L
aype
rson
sm
ayco
nduc
tre
ales
tate
dosi
ngs
onbe
balf
ofot
her
par
ties
,bu
t!hO
ymay
nota
nsw
erle
galq
ues
tions
that
aris
eat
the
dosi
ngor
offe
rany
lega
lad
vice
toth
epa
rtie
s:).
27.
Sou
thC
arol
ina
v.B
uyer
sSe
rvic
eC
ompa
ny,
357
S.E
.2d
15(S
.C.
1987
).28
.CO
I1UI
'-on
Prof
essi
onal
Ethi
csof
the
Bar
Ass
'nof
Nas
sau
Cou
nty,
Op.
88
53(1
988)
;L
egal
Eih
ics
Com
m,o
fth
eO
r.S
_B
ar,
Op,
449
(198
0);
Cor
nm.
onL
egal
Ethi
csan
dPr
ofes
sion
alR
espo
nsib
ility
ofth
ePa
.B
arA
ssn,
Op.
87-1
27(1
987)
..
29,
See
,e.
g.,T
heFl
orid
aB
arv.
Pasc
ual,
424
So.2
d75
7(F
la.1
982)
.30
.S
eeFr
yv.
Hay
t,H
ayt&
Land
au,
198
ER.D
,46
1(E
.D.P
a.20
00).
31.
NONl
AWYE
RAC
I1VI
TYIN
lAw
-RaA
lED
Srru
ATI
OH
S,
ARE
PoRT
WIT
HR
EcoM
M
ENDA
TION
S.Am
erici
mBa
rAss
ocia
tion
Com
mis
sion
onNo~
Prac
tice,
Aug
ust
1995
.32
.le
iat
p.20
7.33
.Se
e19
94SU
RvEY
AN
D'R
aA1E
DM
Am
lw.s
ONTI
lEUN
Auni
ORIZ
EDPR
ACTI
CEOF
uwjN
ON
lAW
YER
PAAC
l1CE
at33
for
ast
ole
byst
ole
tabl
e01
perm
itted
activ
ities
and
guid
elin
es.
34.
NONl
AWYE
RAC
I1VI
TYIN
UW
-RaA
1CD
5mJA
1lO
NS,
ARE
PoRT
WITH
1lEc
oM
MEN
Do'JI
()NS.
Am
eric
anB
arA
ssoc
iatio
nC
omm
issi
onon
Non
law
yer
Prac
tice,
Aug
ust
1995
at20
5.35
.lei
.
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