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Su
bstan
ceForm
ula
()
Su
bstan
ceForm
ula
()
Acetylene
Hyd
rogen chloride
HC
l(g)A
mm
oniaH
ydrogen fluorid
eH
F(g)B
enzeneH
ydrogen iod
ide
HI(g)
Calcium
carbonateM
ethaneC
alcium oxid
eC
aO(s)
Methanol
Carbon d
ioxide
PropaneC
arbon monoxid
eC
O(g)
Silver chloride
AgC
l(s)D
iamond
C(s)
Sodium
bicarbonateE
thaneSod
ium carbonate
Ethanol
Sodium
chloride
NaC
l(s)E
thyleneSucrose
Glucose
Water
Hyd
rogen bromid
eH
Br(g)
Water vapor
-241.8
H2 O
(g)-
36.23-
285.8H
2 O(l)
-1273
C6 H
12 O6 (s)
-2221
C12 H
22 O11 (s)
52.30C
2 H4 (g)
-410.9
-277.7
C2 H
5 OH
(l)-
1130.9N
a2 C
O3 (s)
-84.68
C2 H
6 (g)-
947.7N
aHC
O3 (s)
1.88-
127.0-
110.5-
103.85C
3 H8 (g)
-393.5
CO
2 (g)-
238.6C
H3 O
H(l)
-635.5
-74.8
CH
4 (g)-
1207.1C
aCO
3 (s)25.9
49.0C
6 H6 (l)
-268.6
-46.19
NH
3 (g)-
92.30226.7
C2 H
2 (g)
kJ/m
olk
J/mol
≤H
f °≤
Hf °
TAB
LE 5.3Stan
dard
Enth
alpies o
f Form
ation
, at 298 K
≤H
f °,
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 T03 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
05_T03
(a)
(c)
(b)
h
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 05 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVL0
H2O(l)
�E � 0 �E � 0
H2(g), O2(g)
Inte
rnal
ene
rgy,
E
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 06 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVM0
�E � 0Surroundings
System
Work w � 0
Heat q � 0
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 07 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVN0
Sign
Con
vention
for q:S
ign of and
and
The sign of
depend
s on the magnitud
es of qand
wand
The sign of
depend
s on the magnitud
es of qand
wand
¢E
60
w6
0:q
60
¢E
w7
0:q
60
¢E
w6
0:q
70
¢E
70
w7
0:q
70
≤E
�q
�w
TAB
LE 5.1Sig
n C
on
ventio
ns U
sed an
d th
e Relatio
nsh
ip A
mo
ng
q,w, an
d ≤
E
Sign
Con
vention
for w:
Work is d
one by the surroundings
on the system
Work is d
one by the system on
the surroundings
w6
0:
w7
0: Heat is transferred
from the
surroundings to the system
Heat is transferred
from the
system to the surround
ingsq
60:
q7
0:
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 T01 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
05_T01
50gH
2 O (l)
25°C
Cooling
50gH
2 O (s)
0°C
50gH
2 O (l)
100°C
Heating
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 09 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
AU
AVO
0
Charged battery
Discharged battery
Energylost bybattery
Heat
Heat
Work�E
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 10 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVP0
H2 gas
plus originalatm
osphere
HC
l solutionZ
n
Zn
HC
l solution
(a)(b)
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 11 a,b B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
CQ
JBM
0
�H
� 0
End
othermic
Su
rroun
din
gs
�H
� 0
Exotherm
ic
Su
rroun
din
gs
System
Heat
System
Heat©
2003 by Prentice Hall,Inc.
A Pearson C
ompany
Figure Num
ber:05 12 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
AU
AVQ
0
Cross-sectional
area � A
Initialstate
Finalstate
Volum
echange
P �
F/AP
� F/A
�V
�h
hi
hf
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 13 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
AU
AVR
0
CO2(g) � 2H2O(l)
�H2 �890 kJ
�H1 ��890 kJ
CH4(g) � 2O2(g)
Ent
halp
y
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 16 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVT0
Thermometer
Glass stirrer
Cork stopper
Two Styrofoam®
cups nestedtogether containingreactants in solution
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 18 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVV0
Motorized stirrer
Electrical leads forigniting sample
Thermometer
� �
Insulated container
O2 inlet
Bomb(reaction chamber)
Fine wire in contactwith sample
Cup holding sample
Water
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 19 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVW0
CO
2 (g) � 2H
2 O(l)
�H
1 ��
890 kJ
�H
2 � �
607 kJ
�H
3 � �
283 kJ
CH
4 (g) � 2O
2 (g)
CO
(g) � 2H
2 O(l) �
O2 (g)
12
Enthalpy
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 21 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
AU
AVX
0
�H
2 � �
1181 kJ
�H
1 ��
103.85 kJ
�H
rxn �
�2220 k
J
�H
3 � �
1143 kJ
3 Formation of 4H
2 O
3C (graphite) �
4H2 (g) �
5O2 (g)
Elem
ents
C3 H
8 (g) � 5O
2 (g)
Reactants
3CO
2 (g) � 4H
2 O(l)
Products
3CO
2 (g) � 4H
2 (g) � 2O
2 (g)
Enthalpy
2 Formation of 3C
O2
1 Decom
position
�
©2003 by Prentice H
all,Inc.A
Pearson Com
pany
Figure Num
ber:05 22 B
rown/LeM
ay/Bursten/B
urdgeC
hemistry:The C
entral Science,9e
AA
AU
AVY
0
Renewableenergy (6.3%)
Natural gas (23.0%)
Petroleum(40.0%)
Nuclear(8.2%)
Coal(22.5%)
©2003 by Prentice Hall, Inc.A Pearson Company
Figure Number: 05 24 Brown/LeMay/Bursten/BurdgeChemistry: The Central Science, 9e
AAAUAVZ0
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