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Speakers of the Lok Sabha
1. G.V. MavlankarM.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956
2. M. A. Ayyangar March 8, 1956 to April 16, 19623. Sardar Hukam Singh April 17, 1962 to March 16, 19674. N. Sanjiva Reddy March 17, 1967 to July 19, 19695. G.S. Dhillon August 8, 1969 to December 1, 19756. Bali Ram Bhagat January 15, 1976 to March 25, 19777. N. Sanjiva Reddy, March 26, 1977 to July 13, 19778. K.S. Hegde July 21, 1977 to January 21, 19809. Balram Jakhar January 22, 1980 to December 18, 198910.Rabi Ray December 19, 1989 to July 9, 199111.Shivraj Patil July 10, 1991 to May 22, 199612.P.A. Sangma May 25, 1996 to March 23, 199813.G.M.C. Balayogi March 24, 1998 to March 3, 200214.Manohar Joshi May 10, 2002 to June 2, 200415.Somnath Chatterjee 4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 200916.Smt. Meira Kumar 3 June, 2009 – Till date
Asian Games
Year Games Host Dates Nations Athletes Sports Events
1951 I New Delhi, India March 4–11 11 489 6 57
1954 II Manila, Philippines May 1–9 19 970 8 76
1958 III Tokyo, Japan May 28 – June 1 16 1,820 13 97
1962 IV Jakarta, Indonesia August 24 – September 4 12 1,460 13 88
1966 V Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 16 1,945 14 143
1970 VI Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 16 2,400 13 135
1974 VII Tehran, Iran September 1–16 19 3,010 16 202
1978 VIII Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 19 3,842 19 201
1982 IX New Delhi, India November 19 – December 4 23 3,411 21 147
1986 X Seoul, South Korea September 20 – October 5 27 4,839 25 270
1990 XI Beijing, China September 22 – October 7 36 6,122 29 310
1994 XII Hiroshima, Japan October 2–16 42 6,828 34 337
1998 XIII Bangkok, Thailand December 6–20 41 6,554 36 376
2002 XIV Busan, South Korea September 29 – October 14 44 7,711 38 419
2006 XV Doha, Qatar December 1–15 45 9,520 39 424
2010 XVI Guangzhou, China November 12–27 45 9,704 42 476
2014 XVII Incheon, South Korea September 19 – October 4 Future event
2019 XVIII Hanoi, Vietnam Future event
2023 XIX TBA Future event
Olympic Games
City Country Continent Season Year Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony
Athens Greece Europe Summer 1896 6 April 15 April
Paris France Europe Summer 1900 14 April 28 October
St. Louis United States North America Summer 1904 29 August 3 September
London United Kingdom Europe Summer 1908 27 April 31 October
Stockholm Sweden Europe Summer 1912 5 May 22 July
Berlin Germany Europe Summer 1916 Cancelled due to WWI[4]
Antwerp Belgium Europe Summer 1920 20 April 12 September
Chamonix France Europe Winter 1924 25 January 4 February
Paris France Europe Summer 1924 4 May 27 July
St. Moritz Switzerland Europe Winter 1928 February 11 February 19
Amsterdam Netherlands Europe Summer 1928 May 17 August 12
Lake Placid United States North America Winter 1932 February 4 February 15
Los Angeles United States North America Summer 1932 July 30 August 14
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Europe Winter 1936 February 6 February 16
Berlin Germany Europe Summer 1936 August 1 August 16
Sapporo Japan Asia Winter 1940 Cancelled due to WWII[4]
Tokyo Japan Asia Summer 1940 Cancelled due to WWII[4]
Cortina d'Ampezzo Italy Europe Winter 1944 Cancelled due to WWII[4]
London United Kingdom Europe Summer 1944 Cancelled due to WWII[4]
St. Moritz Switzerland Europe Winter 1948 January 30 February 8
London United Kingdom Europe Summer 1948 July 29 August 14
Oslo Norway Europe Winter 1952 February 14 February 25
Helsinki Finland Europe Summer 1952 July 19 August 3Cortina Italy Europe Winter 1956 January 26 February 5
City Country Continent Season Year Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony
d'Ampezzo
MelbourneStockholm[c] Australia Sweden Oceania
Europe Summer 1956 November 22June 10
December 8June 17
Squaw Valley Unite States North America Winter 1960 February 18 February 28
Rome Italy Europe Summer 1960 August 25 September 11
Innsbruck Austria Europe Winter 1964 January 29 February 9
Tokyo Japan Asia Summer 1964 October 10 October 24
Grenoble France Europe Winter 1968 February 6 February 18
Mexico City Mexico North America Summer 1968 October 12 October 27
Sapporo Japan Asia Winter 1972 February 3 February 13
Munich West Germany Europe Summer 1972 August 26 September 11
Innsbruck Austria Europe Winter 1976 February 4 February 15
Montreal Canada North America Summer 1976 July 17 August 1
Lake Placid United States North America Winter 1980 February 12 February 24
Moscow Soviet Union Europe[d] Summer 1980 July 19 August 3
Sarajevo Yugoslavia Europe Winter 1984 February 7 February 19
Los Angeles United States North America Summer 1984 July 28 August 12
Calgary Canada North America Winter 1988 February 13 February 28
Seoul South Korea Asia Summer 1988 September 17 October 2
Albertville France Europe Winter 1992 February 8 February 23
Barcelona Spain Europe Summer 1992 July 25 August 9
Lillehammer Norway Europe Winter 1994 February 12 February 27
Atlanta United States North America Summer 1996 July 19 August 4
Nagano Japan Asia Winter 1998 February 7 February 22
Sydney Australia Oceania Summer 2000 September 15 October 1
Salt Lake City United States North America Winter 2002 February 8 February 24
Athens Greece Europe Summer 2004 August 13 August 29
Turin Italy Europe Winter 2006 February 10 February 26
Beijing[e] China Asia Summer 2008 August 8 August 24
Vancouver Canada North America Winter 2010 February 12 February 28
London United Kingdom Europe Summer 2012 July 27 August 12
Sochi Russia Europe[d] Winter 2014 February 7 February 23
Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America Summer 2016 August 5 August 21
Pyeongchang South Korea Asia Winter 2018 February 9 February 25
Chief Justice of India
Official Books of different countries and Papers.
Blue Book Official report of the Government of United Kingdom
Green Book Official publications of Italy and Iran
Number Name Period of office
1 H. J. Kania January 26, 1950 November 6, 1951‡
2 M. Patanjali Sastri November 7, 1951 January 3, 1954
3 Mehr Chand Mahajan January 4, 1954 December 22, 1954
4 B. K. Mukherjee December 23, 1954 January 31, 1956‡‡
5 Sudhi Ranjan Das February 1, 1956 September 30, 1959
6 Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha October 1, 1959 January 31, 1964
7 P. B. Gajendragadkar February 1, 1964 March 15, 1966
8 Amal Kumar Sarkar March 16, 1966 June 29, 1966
9 Koka Subba Rao June 30, 1966 April 11, 1967‡‡
10 Kailas Nath Wanchoo April 12, 1967 February 24, 1968
11 Mohammad Hidayatullah February 25, 1968 December 16, 1970
12 Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah December 17, 1970 January 21, 1971
13 Sarv Mittra Sikri Jan 22, 1971 April 25, 1973
14 Ajit Nath Ray April 26, 1973 January 27, 1977
15 Mirza Hameedullah Beg January 28, 1977 February 21, 1978
16 Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud February 22, 1978 July 11, 1985
17 P. N. Bhagwati July 12, 1985 December 20, 1986
18 R. S. Pathak December 21, 1986 June 18, 1989‡‡
19 E. S. Venkataramiah June 19, 1989 December 17, 1989
20 Sabyasachi Mukherjee December 18, 1989 September 25, 1990‡
21 Ranganath Misra September 26, 1990 November 24, 1991
22 Kamal Narain Singh November 25, 1991 December 12, 1991
23 M. H. Kania December 13, 1991 November 17, 1992
24 Lalit Mohan Sharma Nov 18, 1992 Feb 11, 1993
25 M. N. Venkatachaliah February 12, 1993 October 24, 1994
26 Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi October 25, 1994 March 24, 1997
27 Jagdish Sharan Verma March 25, 1997 January 17, 1998
28 Madan Mohan Punchhi January 18, 1998 October 9, 1998
29 Adarsh Sein Anand October 10, 1998 January 11, 2001
30 Sam Piroj Bharucha January 11, 2001 May 6, 2002
31 Bhupinder Nath Kirpal May 6, 2002 November 8, 2002
32 Gopal Ballav Pattanaik November 8, 2002 December 19, 2002
33 V. N. Khare Dec 19, 2002 May 2, 2004
34 S. Rajendra Babu May 2, 2004 June 1, 2004
35 Ramesh Chandra Lahoti June 1, 2004 November 1, 2005
36 Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal November 1, 2005 January 13, 2007
37 K. G. Balakrishnan January 13, 2007 May 11, 2010
38 S. H. Kapadia May 12, 2010 Sep 28, 2012
39 Altamas Kabir September 29, 2012 Incumbent
Grey Book Official reports of Japan and Belgium
Orange Book Official publications of Netherlands
Red Book Book banished in a country
White Book Official publications of Germany, China and Portugal
White Paper Short pamphlet giving authoritative recital of facts issued by the Indian government stating its views on a particular issue for the knowledge of general public
Yellow Book Official publications of France
Important Lines and Boundaries
Durand Line is the line drmarcating the boundaries of India and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I
Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State.
Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General Mannerheim.
Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China. China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
Order-Neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Neisse rivers, adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World War II.
Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boudary between India and Pakistan. Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India
26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which crosses through Africa, Australia and South America.
30th Parallel north is a line of latitude that stands one-third of the way between the equator and the North Pole.
33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southern United States, parts of North Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia, the State of Albama, and the State of Mississippi.
36th Parallel forms the southermost boundary of the State of Missouri with the State of Arkansas.
36o30' Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tenessee and the Commonwealth of Kentucky between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missouri and Arkansas west of the White River, and the northermost boundary between the Texas and the Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of Earth's equatorial plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41st Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylvania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 44o north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The 45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
First Men in India
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)
First Female in IndiaThe first lady to become Miss World Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot Durba Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashpurna Devi
I
Indian Fairs and Festivals
January 1. Maker Sankranti2. Lohri3. Pongal4. Thai Pusam5. Flot Festivals6. National Kite Festival7. Kerela Village Fair8. Bikaner Festival9. Pattadakal Dance Festival
10. Id-ud-Fitr11. Vasant Panchami
February
1. Mahashivratri2. Goa Carnival3. Desert Festival4. Nagaur Fair5. International Yoga Week6. Elephant Festival7. Deccan Festival8. Taj Mahotsav9. Surajkund Crafts Mela10. Chapchar Kut11. Islands Tourism Festivals
March
1. Holi2. Ganaur3. Jamshed-e-Navroz4. Ramnavami5. Id-ul-Zuha6. Mahavir Jayanti7. Khajuraho Dance Festival8. Elephant Festival9. Hoysla Mahotsava10. Ellora Festival
April
1. Good Friday2. Easter3. Baisakhi4. Gudi Padva or Ugadi5. Pooram6. Muharram7. Buddha Purnima8. Mewar
May 1. Urs Festival
June 1. Ganga Dussehra2. Hemis Festival
July 1. Rathyatra2. Guru Purnima
August
1. Janmashtami2. Onam3. Nag Panchami4. Rakshabandhan5. Ganesh Chaturthi
September 1. Tarnetar Mela
October
2. Navratri3. Durga Puja.4. Dussehra5. Marwar Festival
November 1. Sharad Purnima2. Diwali3. Guru Purab4. Ka Pomblang Nongrem5. Sonepur Fair
6. Pushkar Fair7. Hampi Festival
December 1. Christma2. Konark Dance Festival
Asian Games
Games Serial Year Places Number of Countries Number of Sports Number of Players
1 1951 New Delhi(India) 11 6 4912 1954 Manila(Philippines) 18 8 10213 1958 Tokyo(Japan) 20 13 14224 1962 Jakarta(Indonesia) 16 13 15455 1966 Bangkok(Thiland) 18 14 19456 1970 Bangkon(Thiland) 18 13 1752
7 1974 Tehran(Iran) 25 16 28698 1978 Bangkok(Thiland) 25 19 30009 1982 New Delhi(India) 33 21 3447
10 1986 Seoul(S.Korea) 27 25 388311 1990 Beijing(China) 37 27 450012 1994 Hiroshima(Japan) 42 34 730013 1998 Bangkok(Thailand) 41 38 700014 2002 Busan(S.Korea) 44 38 991915 2006 Doha(Qatar) 45 39 10000+
16th 2010 Guang Zhou, China
Biggest, Highest and Largest in India
Highest Award Bharat Ratna
Highest Gallantry Award Param Vir Chakra
Longest River in India The Ganges
Longest Tributary river of India Yamuna
Largest Lake Wular Lake, Kashmir
Largest Lake (Saline Water) Chilka Lake, Orrisa
Largest Man-Made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)
Largest Fresh Water Lake Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh)
Highest Lake Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand)
Highest Lake Devatal (Gharhwal)
Highest Peak Karkoram-2 of K-2(8,611 meters) Highest Peak in the world is Mount Everest which is in Nepal
Largest Populated City Mumbai
Largest State(Area) Rajasthan
Largest State(Population) Uttar Pradesh
Highest rainfall Cherrapunhi (426 inches per annum)
Highest Watefall Nohkalikai Falls (335 meters, 1100 ft high) in Mysore
State wise largest area under forest Madhya Pradesh
Largest Delta Sunderbans Delta
Largest River without Delta Narmada and Tapti
Longest Cantilever Span bridge Howrah Bridge
Longest River Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
Biggest Cave temple Ellora
Longest Road Grand Trunk Road
Highest Road Road at Khardungla,(in Leh-Manali Sector)
Biggest Mosque Jama Masjid at Delhi
Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri (53.6 meters high)
Tallest Statue Statue of Gomateshwar (17 meters high In Karnataka
Largest Public Sector Bank State Bank of India
Longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
Largest Dome Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur
Largest Zoo Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata)
Largest Museum India Museum at Kolkata
Longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orrisa)
Highest Dam Tehri Dam ( 260 meters , 850 ft )
Highest Tower Kutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high)
Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)
Largest District Kutch district
Fastest Train Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal
State with longest coastline Gujarat
State with longest coastline of South India Andhra Pradesh
Longest Electric Railway Line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
Longest Railway Route From Assam to Kanyakumari
Longest Railway Platform Kharagpur (W. Bengal)
Highest Railway Station Ghum (W. Bengal)
Longest Platform Kharagpur (West Bengal) 833 meters in Length. It is also the longest railway station in world
Longest Tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
Longest Highway NH-44 (NH-7) which turns from Varanasi to Kanyakumari
Smallest State (Population) Sikkim
Smallest State (Area) Goa
Largest State (Area) Rajasthan
Largest State (Population) Uttar Pradesh
Densest Populated State West Bengal
Largest Cave Amarnath (J&K)
Largest Cave Temple Kailash Temple, Ellora (Maharastra)
Largest Animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)
Largest Auditorium Sri Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai)
Biggest Hotel Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai)
Largest Port Mumbai
Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar
Deepest River Valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
Largest Church Saint Cathedral (Goa)
Oldest Church St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala)
Longest River Ganga (2640 km long)
Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest Battle Field Siachin Glacier
Highest Airport Leh (Laddakh)
Biggest Stadium Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium, Kolkata
Largest River Island Majuli (Brahmaputra River, Asom)
Largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)
Smallest Biggest in World
Largest Continent Asia, 17,212,2000 square miles
Smallest Continent Australia,312,2000 square miles
Highest Mountain Mount Everest, Himalayan Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,035 feet above sea level
Lowest Point on land The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, water surface 1,349 feet below sea level
Deepest Underwater Trench
Marina Trench, 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, 36,198 feet below the ocean surface
Largest Sea The Mediterranean Sea, 1,144,800 square miles
Highest Lake The Highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above sea level
Lowest Lake The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan, surface of water 1,349 feet below sea level
Largest Lake Caspian Sea, 152,239 square miles
Largest Freshwater Lake Lake Superior, US-Canada, 31,820 square miles
Deepest Ocean Pacific Ocean, average depth 13,215 feet
Largest Ocean Pacific Ocean, 60,060,700 square miles
Smallest Ocean Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square miles
Largest Gulf Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square miles
Bay The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000 square miles
Largest Island Greenland, 839,999 square miles
Largest Peninsula Arabia, 1,250,000 square miles
Largest Archipelago Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of 17,000 islands
Largest Gorge Grand Canyon, Colorado River, Arizona, US, 217 miles long, 4-18 miles wide, 1 mile deep
Deepest Gorge Hells Canyon, Snake River, Idaho, 7,900 feet deep
Longest Mountain Range The Andes of South America, 5,000 miles
Longesr River The Nile, Africa, 4,180 miles
Shortest River The Roe, Montana, US, 200 feet long
Largest River The Amazon, South America, basin of 2,500,000 square miles
Longesr Estuary Ob River, Russia, 550 miles long, up to 50 miles wide
Larget Lagoon Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 150 miles long, 4,500 square miles
Largest Waterfall Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,212 feet high
Oceans of the World (by Size)
Pacific (155,557,000 sq km)
Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km)
Indian (68,556,000 sq km)
Southern (20,327,000 sq km)
Artic (14,056,000 sq km)
Ocean's Greatest Depths
Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean 35,827 ft
Puerto Rico Trench, Atlantic Ocean 30,246 ft
Java Trench, Indian Ocean 24,460 ft
Arctic Basin, Arctic Ocean, 18,456 ft
Oldest Countries
San Marino (301 AD)
France (486 AD)
Bulgaria (632 AD)
Denmark (950 AD)
Portugal (1143 AD)
Andorra (1278 AD)
Switzerland (1291 AD)
Youngest Countries
Montenegro (July 2006)
Serbia (July 2006)
East Timor (2002)
Major Seas (by Size)
South China (2,974,600 sq km)
Caribbean (2,515,900 sq km)
Mediterranean (2,510,000 sq km)
Bering (2,261,100 sq km)
Gulf of Mexico (1,507,600 sq km)
Arabian Sea (1,498,320 sq km)
Sea of Okhotsk (1,392,100 sq km)
Sea of Japan (East Sea - 1,012,900 sq km)
Hudson Bay (730,100 sq km)
East China (664,600 sq km)
Andaman (564,900 sq km)
Black (507,900 sq km)
Red (453,000 sq km)
Major Rivers (by length)
Nile, Africa (6,825 km)
Amazon, South America (6,437 km)
Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km)
Mississippi, North America (5,971 km)
Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km)
Huang(Yello), Asia (5,464 km)
Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km)
Amur, Asia (4,416 km)
Lena, Asia (4,400 km)
Congo, Africa (4,370 km)
Mackenzie-Peace, North America (4,241 km)
Mekong, Asia (4,184 km)
Niger, Africa (4,171 km)
Palau (1994)
Czech Republic (1993)
Eritrea (1993)
Slovakia (1993)
Bosnia/Hertzegovina (1992)
Continents of the World (by Size)
#1 Asia (445,579,000 sq km)
#2 Africa (30,065,000 sq km)
#3 North America (24,256,000 sq km)
#4 South America (17,819,000 sq km)
#5 Antarctica (13,209,000 sq km)
#6 Europe (9,938,000 sq km)
#7 Australia/Oceania (7,687,000 sq km)
Continets by Population
#1 Asia
#2 Africa
#3 Europe
#4 North America
#5 South America
#6 Australia/Oceania
#7 Antarctica
Continents by number of Countries
#1 Africa (53)
#2 Europe (46)
#3 Asia (44)
#4 North America (23)
#5 Oceania (14)
Major Lakes (by Size)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,000 sq km)
Superior, North America (82,100 sq km)
Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km)
Huron, North America (59,600 sq km)
Michigan, North America (57,800 sq km)
Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km)
Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km)
Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km)
Aral Sea, Asia (30,700 sq km)
Malawi, Africa (28,900 sq km)
Great Slave, Canada (28,568 sq km)
Erie, North America (25,667 sq km)
Winnipeg, Canada (24,387 sq km)
Ontario, North America (19,529 sq km)
Deepest Lake (by Greatest Depth)
Baikal, Russian Fed. (5,315 ft)
Tanganyika, Africa (4,800 ft)
Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (3,363 ft)
Malawi or Nyasa, Africa (2,317 ft)
Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan (2,303 ft)
Tallest Mountains (on each Continent)
Mount Everest 8859 m - Asia
Aconcagua 6959 m - S. America
Mount McKinley 6194 m - N. America
Mount Kilimanjaro 5963 m - Africa
Mount Elbrus 5633 m - Europe
Puncak Jaya 4884 m - Oceania
#6 South America (12)
Countries with Most land Boundaries
China - 14
Russian Federation -14
Brazil - 10
Congo, Germany and Sudan - 10
Austria, France, Tanzania, Turkey and Zambia - 8
Top 10 Tallest Mountains
Mount Everst, 8850m (29035 ft) - Nepal
Qogir (K2), 8611 m (28250 ft) - India
Kangchenjunga 8586 m (28169 ft) - Nepal
Lhotse, 8501 m (27929 ft) - Nepal
Makalu I, 8462 m (27765 ft) - Nepal
Cho Oyu, 8201 m (26906 ft) - Nepal
Dhaulagiri, 8167 m (26794 ft) - Nepal
Manaslu I, 8156 m (26758 ft) - Nepal
Nanga Parbat, 8125 m (26658 ft) - Pakistan
Annapurna I, 8091 m (26545 ft) - Nepal
Vinson Massif 4897 m - Antarctica
Books by Indian Authors
Book Name Author
A bend in the river V.S. Naipal
A brush with life Satish Gujral
A House of Mr. Biswar V.S. Naipal
A Million Mutinies Now V.S. Naipal
A Passage to England Nirad C.Chodhury
A Prisoner's Scrapbook L.K. Advani
A River Sutra Gita Mehra
A sense of time H.S.Vatsyayan
A strange and subline address Amit Chaudhary
A suitable boy Vikram Seth
A village by the sea Anita Desai
A voice for freedom Nayantara Sehgal
Aansoo Jayashankar Prasad
Afternoon Raag Amit Chaudhari
Ageless Body, Timeless Mind Deepak Chopra
Agni Veena Kazi Nazrul Islam
Ain-i-Akbari Abul Fazal
Amar Kosh Amar Singh
An autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru
An Equal Music Vikram Seth
An Idealist View of life Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Amrit Aur Vish Amrit Lal Nagar
Anamika Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Areas of Darkness V.S. Naipal
Arthashastra Kautilya
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Autobiography of an Unknown India Nirad C. Choudhury
Bandicoot Run Manohar Malgonkar
Beginning of the Beginning Bhagwan Shri Rajneesh
Between the Lines Kuldip Nayyar
Beyond Modernisation, Beyond Self Sisirkumar Ghose
Bhagvad Gita Ved Vyas
Bharat Bharati Maithilisharan Gupt
Bharat Durdasha Bhartendu Harischandra
Border and Boundaries: women in India's Partition Ritu Menon & Kamla Bhasin
Bharat Bharati Maithili Saran Gupt
Breaking the Silence Anees Jung
Bride and the Sahib and the other stories Khushwant Singh
Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu
Bubble, The Mulk Raj Anand
Buddha Charitam Ashwaghosh
By God's Decree Kapil Dev
Chandalika Rabindra Nath Tagore
Chandrakanta Santati Devkinandan Khatri
Chemmen: Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Chitra Rabindranath Tagore
Chitralekha Bhagwati Charan Verma
Chitrangada Rabindra Nath Tagore
Circle of Reason Amitav Ghosh
Clear Light of Day Anita Desai
Confessions of a Lower Mulk Raj Anand
Confrontation with Pakistan B. M. Kaul
Conquest of Self Mahatma Ghandhi
Continent of Crime Nirad C Chaudhary
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Court Dancer Rabindranath Tagore
Culture in the Vanity Bag Nirad C Chaudhury
Days of My Years H.P. Nanda
Daybhag Jeemootwahan
Death of a City Amrita Pritam
Devdas Sharat Chandra Chatterjee
Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums Manohar Malgonkar
Distint Neighbours: India Kuldip Nayar
Divine Life Swami Shivananda
Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Dynamics of Social Change Chandra Shekhar
Eight Lives Rajmohan Gandhi
English August Upamanyu Chatterjee
Essays on Gita Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Eternal India Mrs Indira Gandhi
Faces of Everest Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Foreign Policy of India I.K. Gujral
Forty Nine Days Amrita Pritam
From Rajpath to Lokpath Vijaya Raje Scindia
Gaban Munsi Premchand
Ganadevata Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gardener Rabindra Nath Tagore
Geet Govind Jayadev
Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar
Gitanjali Rabindranath Tagore
Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru
Godan Prem Chand
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu
Gora Rabindra Nath Tagore
Guide R.K. Narayanan
Harsha Charita Bana Bhatta
Harvest Manjula Padmanabhan
Heir Apparent Dr. Karan Singh
Himalayan Blunder Brigadier J.P. Dalvi
Hind Swaraj M.K. Gandhi
Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Hinduism Nirad C. Choudhury
History of India Romila Thapar
Hullabaloo in a Guava Orchard Kiran Desai
Humanyunama Gulbadan Beghum
Hungary Stones Rabindranath Tagore
I follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi
Idols Sunil Gavaskar
India After Nehru Kuldip Nayyar
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India Unbound Gurcharan Das
India of Our Dreams M.V. Kamath
India Wins Freedom Abdul Kalam Azad
India's Priceless Heritage N.A. Palkhivala
Indian Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishan
Indira Ghandi Returns Khushwant Singh
Indira Gandhi: Badhate Kadam Khushwant Singh
Inscrutable Americans Anurag Mathur
Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri
It's Always Possible Kiran Bedi
Jai Somnath K.M. Munshi
Jayadev Geet Govind
Jhansi Ki Rani Vrindavanlal Verma
Kadambari Bana Bhatt
Kagaz Te Kanwas Amrita Pritam
Kamasutra S.H. Vatsyayan
Kanthapura Raja Rao
Kapala Kundala Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Karmabhumi Munsi Premchand
Kashmir: A Tale of Shame Hari Jaisingh
Kashmr: A Tragedy of Errors Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Kitab-ul-Hind Al-Beruni
Kitni Nawon Kitni Bar S.H. Vatsyayan
Kulliyat Ghalib
Kumar Sambhava Kalidas
Kurukshetra Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Last Burden Upamanyu Chatterjee
Life Divine Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Lipika Rabindranath Tagore
Lost Child Mulk Raj Anand
Mahabharta Ved Vyas
Mahatma Gandhi and his Apolstles Ved Mehta
Malgudi Days R.K. Narayanan
Malti Madhav Bhavabhuti
Meghdootam Kalidasa
Mitakshara Vigyaneshwar
Mrichhakatikam Shudrak
My Days R.K. Narayanan
My India S. Nihal Singh
My Life and Times V.V. Giri
My Music, My Life Pt. Ravi Shankar
My Presidental Years R. Venkatraman
My Truth Indira Gandhi
Mudra Rakshas Vishakhadatta
Natural History Plini
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy A.B. Vajpayee
Nisheeth Uma Shankar Joshi
Operation Bluestar: The True Story Lt. Gen K.S. Brar
Our Films, Their Films Satyajit Ray
Padmavat Malik Mohammed Jayasi
Painter of Signs R.K. Narayan
Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
Parineeta Sharat Chandra Chatterji
Past Forward G.R. Narayanan
Pather Panchali Bibhuti Bhushan
Plain Speaking N. Chandrababu Naidu
Portrait of India Ved Mehta
Post Office Rabindranath Tagore
Prem Pachisi Munsi Prem Chand
Prem Vatika Raskhan
Rajatarangini Kalhana
Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas
Ramayana Maharishi Valmiki
Raghuvamsa Kalidas
Ranghbhommi Munsi Premchand
Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
Ravi Paar (Across the River) Gulzar
Red Earth and Pouring Rain Vikram Chandra
Ritu Samhara Kalidas
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta
Satya Karischandra Bhartendu Harischandra
Sakharam Binder Vijay Tendulkar
Secular Agenda Arun Shourie
Seven Summers Mulk Raj Anand
Shadow from Ladakh Bhabani Bhattacharya
Shahnama Firdausi
Shrikant Sharat Chandra Chatterji
Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India Gita Mehta
Social Change in Modern India M.N. Srinivas
Sultry Days Shobha De
Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar
Sursagar Sur Das
Swami and Friends R.K. Narayanan
The Bride's Book of Beauty Mulk Raj Anand
The Cat and Shakespeare Raja Rao
The Company of Women Khushwant Singh
The Critical Years: In Jail Kuldip Nayyar
The Dark Room R.K. Narayanan
The Degeneration of India T.N. Seshan
The Glass Palace Amitav Ghosh
The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy
The Golden Gate Vikram Seth
The Judgement Kuldip Nayyar
The Men Who Killed Gandhi Manohar Malgonkar
The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success Deepak Chopra
The Songs of India Sarojini Naidu
The Story of My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi
The Strange and Subline Address Amit Chaudhuri
The Sword and the Sickle Mulk Raj Anand
The vendor of Sweets R.K. Narayanan
The way of the Wizard Deepak Chopra
Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh
Two Leaves and a Bud Mulk Raj Anand
Untold Story B. M. Kaul
Urvashi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Visarjana Rabindra Nath Tagore
Waiting for the Mahatma R.K. Narayanan
Wake up India Annie Besant
We, Indians Khushwant Singh
Wreck, The Rabindranath Tagore
Yama Mahadevi Verma
Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupt
Years of Pilgrimage Dr. Raja Ramana
World Cup Football
Winners ListYear Host Country Winner Score
2010 South Africa Spain Spain 1-0 Netherlands
2006 Germany Italy Italy 1-1 (5-3) France
2002 Japan / S. Korea Brazil Brazil 2-0 Germany
1998 France France France 3-0 Brazil
1994 US Brazil Brazil 3-2 Italy
1990 Italy Germany Germany 1-0 Argentina
1986 Mexico Argentina Argentina 3-2 Germany
1982 Spain Italy Italy 3-1 Germany
1978 Argentina Argentina Argentina 3-1 Holland
1974 Germany Germany Germany 2-1 Holland
1970 Mexico Brazil Brazil 4-1 Italy
1966 England England England 4-2 Germany
1962 Chile Brazil Brazil 3-1 Czechoslovakia
1958 Sweden Brazil Brazil 5-2 Sweden
1954 Switzerland Germany Germany 3-2 Hungary
1950 Brazil Uruguay Uruguay 2-1 Brazil
1946 not held
1942 not held
1938 France Italy Italy 4-2 Hungary
1934 Italy Italy Italy 2-1 Czechoslovakia
1930 Uruguay Uruguay Uruguay 4-2 Argentina
Cricket World Cup Winners Listyear winner Runner-up
2011 India Sri Lanka2007 Australia Sri Lanka2003 Australia India1999 Australia Pakistan1996 Sri Lanka Australia1992 Pakistan England1987 Australia England1983 India West Indies1979 West Indies England1975 West Indies Australia
Hockey World Cup Winners List
Year HostFinal Third Place MatchWinner Score Runner-up Third Place Score Fourth Place
1971Barcelona, Spain Pakistan 1–0
Spain India
2–1after extra time Kenya
1973Amstelveen,Netherlands Netherlands
2–2(4–2)Penalty strokes
India West Germany1–0
Pakistan
1975Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
India2–1
Pakistan West Germany4–0
Malaysia
1978Buenos Aires,Argentina
Pakistan3–2 Netherlands
Australia4–3
West Germany
1982 Mumbai (Bombay),IndiaPakistan
3–1West Germany Australia
4–2Netherlands
1986 London, EnglandAustralia
2–1England West Germany
3–2after extra time Soviet Union
1990 Lahore, PakistanNetherlands
3–1Pakistan Australia
2–1after extra time Germany
1994 Sydney, AustraliaPakistan
1–1(4–3) Netherlands
Australia 5–2Germany
Penalty strokes
1998Utrecht,Netherlands
Netherlands
3–2after extra time Spain
Germany 1–0Australia
2002Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
Germany2–1
Australia Netherlands
2–1after extra time Korea
2006Mönchengladbach,Germany
Germany4–3
Australia Spain
3–2after extra time Korea
2010New Delhi, India
Australia2–1
Germany Netherlands4–3
England
2014 The Hague,Netherlands
Highest Mountain Peaks of the World
Mountain peak Range Location
Height
ft. m
Everest1 Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 29,035 8,850
K2 (Godwin Austen) Karakoram Pakistan/China 28,250 8,611
Kanchenjunga Himalayas India/Nepal 28,169 8,586
Lhotse I Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,940 8,516
Makalu I Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,766 8,463
Cho Oyu Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 26,906 8,201
Dhaulagiri Himalayas Nepal 26,795 8,167
Manaslu I Himalayas Nepal 26,781 8,163
Nanga Parbat Himalayas Pakistan 26,660 8,125
Annapurna Himalayas Nepal 26,545 8,091
Gasherbrum I Karakoram Pakistan/China 26,470 8,068
Broad Peak Karakoram Pakistan/China 26,400 8,047
Gasherbrum II Karakoram Pakistan/China 26,360 8,035
Shishma Pangma (Gosainthan) Himalayas Tibet 26,289 8,013
Annapurna II Himalayas Nepal 26,041 7,937
Gyachung Kang Himalayas Nepal 25,910 7,897
Disteghil Sar Karakoram Pakistan 25,858 7,882
Himalchuli Himalayas Nepal 25,801 7,864
Nuptse Himalayas Nepal 25,726 7,841
Nanda Devi Himalayas India 25,663 7,824
Masherbrum Karakoram Kashmir2 25,660 7,821
Rakaposhi Karakoram Pakistan 25,551 7,788
Kanjut Sar Karakoram Pakistan 25,461 7,761
Kamet Himalayas India/Tibet 25,446 7,756
Namcha Barwa Himalayas Tibet 25,445 7,756
Gurla Mandhata Himalayas Tibet 25,355 7,728
Ulugh Muztagh Kunlun Tibet 25,340 7,723
Kungur Muztagh Ata China 25,325 7,719
Tirich Mir Hindu Kush Pakistan 25,230 7,690
Saser Kangri Karakoram India 25,172 7,672
Makalu II Himalayas Nepal 25,120 7,657
Minya Konka (Gongga Shan) Daxue Shan China 24,900 7,590
Kula Kangri Himalayas Bhutan 24,783 7,554
Chang-tzu Himalayas Tibet 24,780 7,553
Muztagh Ata Muztagh Ata China 24,757 7,546
Skyang Kangri Himalayas Kashmir 24,750 7,544
Ismail Samani Peak (formerly Communism Peak) Pamirs Tajikistan 24,590 7,495
Jongsong Peak Himalayas Nepal 24,472 7,459
Pobeda Peak Tien Shan Kyrgyzstan 24,406 7,439
Sia Kangri Himalayas Kashmir 24,350 7,422
Haramosh Peak Karakoram Pakistan 24,270 7,397
Istoro Nal Hindu Kush Pakistan 24,240 7,388
Tent Peak Himalayas Nepal 24,165 7,365
Chomo Lhari Himalayas Tibet/Bhutan 24,040 7,327
Chamlang Himalayas Nepal 24,012 7,319
Kabru Himalayas Nepal 24,002 7,316
Alung Gangri Himalayas Tibet 24,000 7,315
Baltoro Kangri Himalayas Kashmir 23,990 7,312
Muztagh Ata (K-5) Kunlun China 23,890 7,282
Mana Himalayas India 23,860 7,273
Baruntse Himalayas Nepal 23,688 7,220
Nepal Peak Himalayas Nepal 23,500 7,163
Amne Machin Kunlun China 23,490 7,160
Gauri Sankar Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 23,440 7,145
Badrinath Himalayas India 23,420 7,138
Nunkun Himalayas Kashmir 23,410 7,135
Lenin Peak Pamirs Tajikistan/Kyrgyzstan 23,405 7,134
Pyramid Himalayas Nepal 23,400 7,132
Api Himalayas Nepal 23,399 7,132
Pauhunri Himalayas India/China 23,385 7,128
Trisul Himalayas India 23,360 7,120
Korzhenevski Peak Pamirs Tajikistan 23,310 7,105
Kangto Himalayas Tibet 23,260 7,090
Nyainqentanglha Nyainqentanglha Shan China 23,255 7,088
Trisuli Himalayas India 23,210 7,074
Dunagiri Himalayas India 23,184 7,066
Revolution Peak Pamirs Tajikistan 22,880 6,974
Aconcagua Andes Argentina 22,834 6,960
Ojos del Salado Andes Argentina/Chile 22,664 6,908
Bonete Andes Argentina/Chile 22,546 6,872
Ama Dablam Himalayas Nepal 22,494 6,856
Tupungato Andes Argentina/Chile 22,310 6,800
Moscow Peak Pamirs Tajikistan 22,260 6,785
Pissis Andes Argentina 22,241 6,779
Mercedario Andes Argentina/Chile 22,211 6,770
Huascarán Andes Peru 22,205 6,768
Llullaillaco Andes Argentina/Chile 22,057 6,723
El Libertador Andes Argentina 22,047 6,720
Cachi Andes Argentina 22,047 6,720
Kailas Himalayas Tibet 22,027 6,714
Incahuasi Andes Argentina/Chile 21,720 6,620
Yerupaja Andes Peru 21,709 6,617
Kurumda Pamirs Tajikistan 21,686 6,610
Galan Andes Argentina 21,654 6,600
El Muerto Andes Argentina/Chile 21,463 6,542
Sajama Andes Bolivia 21,391 6,520
Nacimiento Andes Argentina 21,302 6,493
Illampu Andes Bolivia 21,276 6,485
Illimani Andes Bolivia 21,201 6,462
Coropuna Andes Peru 21,083 6,426
Laudo Andes Argentina 20,997 6,400
Ancohuma Andes Bolivia 20,958 6,388
Cuzco Andes Peru 20,945 6,384
(Ausangate)
Toro Andes Argentina/Chile 20,932 6,380
Tres Cruces Andes Argentina/Chile 20,853 6,356
Huandoy Andes Peru 20,852 6,356
Parinacota Andes Bolivia/Chile 20,768 6,330
Tortolas Andes Argentina/Chile 20,745 6,323
Chimborazo Andes Ecuador 20,702 6,310
Ampato Andes Peru 20,702 6,310
El Condor Andes Argentina 20,669 6,300
Salcantay Andes Peru 20,574 6,271
Huancarhuas Andes Peru 20,531 6,258
Famatina Andes Argentina 20,505 6,250
Pumasillo Andes Peru 20,492 6,246
Solo Andes Argentina 20,492 6,246
Polleras Andes Argentina 20,456 6,235
Pular Andes Chile 20,423 6,225
Chañi Andes Argentina 20,341 6,200
McKinley (Denali) Alaska Alaska 20,320 6,194
Aucanquilcha Andes Chile 20,295 6,186
Juncal Andes Argentina/Chile 20,276 6,180
Negro Andes Argentina 20,184 6,152
Quela Andes Argentina 20,128 6,135
Condoriri Andes Bolivia 20,095 6,125
Palermo Andes Argentina 20,079 6,120
Solimana Andes Peru 20,068 6,117
San Juan Andes Argentina/Chile 20,049 6,111
Sierra Nevada Andes Argentina 20,023 6,103
Antofalla Andes Argentina 20,013 6,100
Marmolejo Andes Argentina/Chile 20,013 6,100
Highest, Biggest, Largest & Longest in India
Award for Gallantry, Highest Param Vir ChakraAward, highest civilian Bharat RatnaBank with largest number of
branches State Bank of India
Road bridge, Longest Mahatma Gandhi Setu (across Ganga—Patna 5.575 Km.)
Cantilever Span Bridge, Largest Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)Cattle Fair, Largest Sonepur Fair (Bihar)City, Most Populous Mumbai
Corridor, Longest Ramanathaswamy Corridor, Tamil Nadu (1,220 mt.)
Desert, Largest Thar (Rajasthan)Dam, Longest Hirakud Dam (Odisha)Dam, Highest Bhakra Dam on river Sutlej (740 ft.)Delta, Largest Sunderban (12,872 Sq. km.)
Dome, Largest Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur)Gateway, Highest Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri (54 m.)Lake, Largest Wular Lake (Kashmir)
Literacy, Highest KeralaMuseum, Largest Indian Museum (Kolkata)Mosque, Biggest Jama Masjid (Delhi)Peak, Highest K-2 (8,611 mt.)Railway Platform, Longest Kharagpur, SE Railway (2,733 ft.)Railway Bridge, Largest Nehru Setu, Bihar (river Sone)River, Longest The Ganga river (2,525 km.)
Rainfall, Highest (annual mean) Mowsyrnam near Cherrapunji (1,080 mm) (Meghalaya)
Road, Longest Grand Trunk RoadRock-cut Temple, Largest KailashTemples, Ellora (Maharashtra)State, maximum forest cover Mizoram (cover 75.5% area)Statue Tallest Statue of Risabhnath (Khargone, M.P.) 84 ft.State, Largest (area) Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq. km.)State, Most Populous Uttar Pradesh (16,61,97,921)State with Maximum density of
population West Bengal (903 persons per sq. km.)
Tunnel, Longest (Road) Jawahar Tunnel (J & K—1.75 miles)
Tunnel, Longest (Railway) Between Monkey Hill and Khandalastations (2,100 mt. long)
Tower, Highest Qutub Minar (Delhi, 72.5 mt.)Waterfall, Highest Gersoppa Waterfall, Mysore (290 m.)Zoo, Largest Zoological Gardens, KolkataMan-made Lake, Largest Govind Sagar (Bhakra)
Parliament of Different Countries
Country Parliament
Afghanistan Shora
Andorra General Council
Albania People's Assembly
Azerbaijan Melli Majlis
Algeria National People's Assembly
Angola National People's Assembly
Argentina National Congress
Australia Federal Parliament
Austria National Assembly
Bahamas General Assembly
Bahrain Consultative Council
Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad
Belize National Assembly
Bhutan Tsogdu
Bolivia National Congress
Brazil National Congress
Brunei National Assembly
Botswana National Assembly
Britain Parliment (House of Common's and House of Lords)
Bulgaria Narodno Subranie.
Cambodia National Assembly
Congo Democratic Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia Congress
Canada Parliament
China National People's Assembly
Chile Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Comoros Legislative Council and Senate
Costa Rice Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia Sabor
Cuba National Assembly of People's Power
Czech Republic Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Denmark Folketing
Ecuador Natinal Congress
El Salvador Legislative Assembly
East Timor Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt People's Assembly
Fiji Islands Senate & House of Representative
France National Assembly
Finland Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House)
Guyana National Assembly
Greece Chamber of Deputies
Hungry National Assembly
Iceland Althing
India Sansad
Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly
Iran Majlis
Iraq National Assembly
Israel Knesset
Italy Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan Diet
Jordan National Assembly
Korea(North) Supreme People's Assembly
Korea(South) National Assembly
Kuwait National Assembly
Laos People's Supreme Assembly
Labanon National Assembly
Lesotho National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania Seimas
Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies
Libya General People's Congress
Malaysia Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives Majlis
Madagascar National People's Assembly
Mongolia Great People's Khural
Montenegro Federal Assembly
Mozambique People's Assembly
Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw
Nepal Rashtriya Panchayat
Netherlands The Staten General
New Zealand Parliament (House of Representative)
Oman Monarchy
Pakistan National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines The Congress
Papua New Guinea National Parliament
Poland Sejm
Romania Great National Assembly
Russia Duma & Federal Council
Serbia Federal Assembly
Senegal National Assembly
Seychelles People's Assembly
South Africa Rep. House of Assembly
Spain Cortes
Sweden Riksdag
Saudi Arabia Majlis Al Shura
Sudan Majlis Watani
Switzerland Federal Assembly
Syria People's Council
Turkey Grand National Assembly
USA Congress
Vietnam National Assembly
Venezuela National Congress
Zambia National Assembly
Books and Author
Book's Name Author's NameA Bend in the River V. S. NaipaulA Bend in the River V.S.NaipaulA Gift of Monotheists Ram Mohan RoyA House for Mr.Biswas V.S.NaipaulA Journey Tony BlairA Minister and his Responsibilities Morarji Bhai DesaiA Nation is Making Surendra Nath BandhopadhyeA Pair of Blue Eyes Thomash HardyA Passage to India E. M. FosterA Revenue Stamp (autobiography) Amrita PritamA Strange and Sublime Address Amit ChoudharyA Suitable Boy Bikram SethA Tale of Two Cities Charls DikensA Voice of Freedom Nayantara ShehgalA week with Gandhi L. FischerAdventures of Sherlock Homes Arther Canon DoelAll the Prime Minister's Men Janardan ThakurAllahabad Prasasti HarisenAmitabh- the Making of the Superstar Susmita Das GuptaAmukta Malyad Krishna Deva RayaAn Unknown Indian Nirod C. ChoudharyAnand Math Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeAnna Karenina Leo TolstoyAparajito Bibhuti Bhushan BandopadhyayApple Cart G. B. ShawAranyak Bibhuti Bhushan BandopadhyayArogyaniketan Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
Astyadhaye PaniniBakul Katha Ashapurna DeviBan Palashir Padabali Ramapada ChowdhuryBandit Queen Mala SenBela Obela Kalbela Jibanananda DasBengali Zamindar Nilmoni MukherjeeBicramanchadev BilhonBlind Beauty Boris PasternakBuddhacharit Asha GhoshCaptive Lady Michel Madhusudan DuttaCauses of the Indian Mutiny Sir Syyed Ahmed KhanCharitraheen Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayChidambara S. N. PanthCircle of the Region Amitabha GhoshCity of Job Charnak Nisith Ranjan RoyCommedy Errors ShekhspearConversations with Myself Nelson MandelaCoolie Mulkraj AnandCrisis of India Ronal SegalDas Capital Karl MarksDeath of President W. MarchentDecamaren BocachioDesert Village Oliver GoldsmithDevdas Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayDevelopment as Freedom Amartya SenDevelopment as Freedom Amartya SenDevi Chaudharani Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeDevine Comedi Dante Divine Life SivanandEconomic History of India Ramesh Chandra DuttaEnd and Means HuxlayFaust GoetheFerary Queen Edmond SpensarFreedom at Midnight Lapierre & CollinsFriend Not Master Ayub KhanGanadebata Tarashankar BandopadhyayGathering Strom ChurchilGhulam Giri Jyotiba PhuleGlobal Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery Y.B. ReddyGreat Indian and Their Landmark Speeches Manohar and Sarita PrabhakarGuid R. K. NarayananGurdbaho BakpatirajHero of Nymph Aurobindo Ghosh
Hind Swaraj M. K. GandhiHindu View of Life S. RadhakrishnanHistorica HerodotusI follow the Mahatma K. M. MunshiI Van Ho Walter ScotIgnited Minds - Unleashing the power within India DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamIn an Antique Land Amitabh GhoshIndia 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamIndia Divided Rajendra PrashadIndia for A Billion Reasons Amit DasguptaIndia Wins Freedom Abdul Kalam AzadIndian Epigraphy D. C. SircarIndian Village S.C. DubeIndian war and Independence D. V. SavarkarIndica MegasthenisInfinite Jest David Foster WallaceInheritance of Loss Kiran DesaiJalsaghar Tarashankar BandopadhyayJhara Palak Jibanananda DasJinnah- India, Partition, Independence Jaswant SinghJungle Book R. KipplingKanterbary Tells Geofray ChosarKidnapped StevensonKubla Khan ColeridgeLalit Bihar Ashwa GhoshLife Devine Aurobindo GhoshMahabhashya PatanjaliMan and Superman G. B. ShawMidnight Children Salman RushdiMitakshara VijnaneswaraModernization of Indian Tradition Yogendra SinghMother Maxim GorkayMother India Katharin MayoMurder in Cathedral ElliotMy Country My Life Lal Krishna AdvaniMy Experiments With Truth M.K. GandhiMy Indian Years Lord Hardinge IIMy Journey DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamMyth of Independence Zulfikar Ali BhuttoNeel Darpan Dinbandhu Mitraetaji Dead or Alive Samar GuhaNew Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy A. B. VajpayeeNew India Annie Besant
One Night @ the Call Centre Chetan BhagatPadma Nadir Majhi Manik BandopadhyayPakhtoon Khan Abdul Ghaffar KhanPalli Samaj Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayParadise Lost John MiltonParineeta Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayPather Panchali Bibhuti BHushan BandopadhayePoverty & Un-British Rule in India Dadabhai NaorojiPratham Pratisruti Ashapurna DeviPrecepts of Jesus Ram Mohan RoyPride and Prejudice Jane AustenPrinciples of Sociology Herbert SpencerPrison Diary Jay Prakash NarayanProblems of the East Lord CurzonPutul Nacher Itikatha Manik BandopadhyayRaces and Cultures of India D.N. MajumdarRajtarangini KalhanRamcharit S. K. NandiRashmirathi Ramdhari Singh DinkarRiver of Smoke Amitav GhoshSaket Mathili Saran GuptaSatyarth Prakash Swami DayanandShadow Line Amitabh GhoshShadow of Ladakh B. BhattachariaShape of Things To Come H. G. WellsSitaram Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeSocial Structure of Values Radha Kamal MukherjeeStraight from the Heart Kapil DevSubarnalata Ashapurna DeviTahakak - E - HInd AlbiruniTalisman Walter ScottThe Algebra of Infinite Justice Arundhati RoyThe Bandit Queen Mala SenThe City of Joy Dhominic LapierThe Discovery of India Jawahar Lal NehruThe God of Small Things Arundhuti RoyThe Harry Potter Series J. K. RowlingThe Indian Struggle Subash Chandra BoseThe Indian War of Independence V. D. SavarkarThe Inheritance of Loss Kiran DesaiThe Judgement Kuldip NayarThe Masque of Africa V. S. NaipaulThe Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy
The Nadars of Tamil Nadu D.N. DhanagreThe Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal B. R. NandaThe Prince MaciavalyThe Rediscovery of India Meghnad DesaiThe Satanic Verse Salman RushdiThe Science of Bharat Natyam Saroja VaidyanathanThe Sense of an Ending Julian BarnesThe Silent Cry Kenjaburo UeThe Spirit of Islam Syyed Amir AliThe Village By the Sea Anita DesaiThe White Tiger Aravind AdigaTheory of Relativity Alexander DomaThree Marketiars EinsteinTo all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? J. P. NarayanTruth, Love and A Little Malice Khushwant SinghTwo Leaves and a Bud Mulkraj AnandTwo Lives Vikram SethUnhappy India L. RoyUrbashi R. D. DinkarUtopia Thomas MoorVision of the Past Michel Madhusudan DuttaVolga Se Ganga Rahul SankritayanWar and Peace TolstoyWhat Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables B. R. AmbedkarWings of Fire DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
List of National Games of all countries
Country Sport
Afghanistan Buzkashi
Anguilla Yacht racing
Antigua and Barbuda Cricket
Barbados Cricket
Bermuda Cricket
Bhutan Archery
Cuba Baseball
Dominican Republic Baseball
Finland Pesäpallo
Grenada Cricket
Guyana Cricket
India Field hockey
Israel Association Football
Ireland ("national games") Gaelic games
Jamaica Cricket
Japan Sumo
Latvia Basketball (summer), Ice hockey (winter)
Lithuania Basketball
Madagascar Rugby union
New Zealand Rugby union
Norway Cross-country skiing
Pakistan Field Hockey
Papua New Guinea Rugby league
Peru Paleta Frontón
Romania Oină
Russia Bandy
Scotland Golf
Slovenia Alpine skiing
Turkey ("ancestral sports") Wrestling& Cirit
Turks and Caicos Islands Cricket
United States Baseball (spring/summer), American football (autumn)
Wales Rugby union
FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA
1) Adina Mosque: Pandua (West Bengal)2) Ajanta Caves: Aurangabad (Maharashtra)3) Akbar’s Tomb: Sikandra, Agra
4) Aksherdham: Gandhinagar, Gujarat5) Amarnath Cave: Kashmir6) Amber Palace: Jaipur (Rajasthan)7) Anand Bhawan: Allahabad8) Bibi Ka Maqbra: Aurangabad9) Birla Planetarium: Kolkata10) Black Pagoda: Konarak (Orissa)11) Bodhistava: Ajanta Caves12) Brihadeeswara: Tanjore Temple13) Brindaban Gardens: Mysore 14) Buland Darwaza: Fatehpur Sikri15) Char Minar: Hyderabad16) Cheena Kesava Temple: Bellur17) Chilka Lake: East Coast of India near Bhubaneswar18) Dal Lake: Srinagar19) Dilwara Temples: Mt Abu20) Elephanta Caves: Mumbai21) Ellora Caves: Aurangabad22) Gateway of India: Mumbai23) Golden Temple: Amritsar24) Gol Gumbaz: Bijapur25) Hanging Gardens: Mumbai26) Hawa Mahal: Jaipur27) Howrah Bridge: Kolkata28) Island Palace: Udaipur29) Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb: Agra30) Jagannath Temple: Puri31) Jahaz Mahal: Mandu32) Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory): Chittorgarh 33) Jama Masjid: Delhi34) Jantar Mantar: New Delhi35) Jog (Gersoppa) Falls: Mysore36) Kailasa Temple: Ellora37) Kalan Masjid: Delhi38) Kanyakumari Temple: Cape Comorin (Tamil Nadu)39) Khajuraho: Bhopal40) Konarak: Puri41) Lakshmi Vilas Palace: Baroda 42) Lal Bagh Garden: Bengaluru43) Lalgarh Palace: Bikaner44) Lingaraj Temple: Bhubaneswar45) Mahakaleshwar Temple: Ujjain 46) Maheshmurti (Trimurti): Elephanta Caves47) Mahmud Gawan’s Mosque: Bidar48) Malabar Hill: Mumbai49) Marble Rocks: Jabalpur50) Marina: Chennai
51) Minakshi Temple: Madurai 52) Mt Girnar (Jain Temples): Junagadh53) Nagin Lake: Srinagar54) Nataraja: Chennai55) Nishat Bagh: Srinagar56) Padmanabha Temple: Thiruvanthapuram57) Palitana: Junagadh
FAMOUS SITES IN INDIA
1. Panch Mahal: Fatehpur Sikri2. Pichola Lake: Udaipur3. Qutab Minar: Delhi4. Raj Ghat: Delhi5. Rashtrapati Bhawan: Delhi6. Red Fort: Delhi7. Sanchi Tope (The Great Stupa): Sanchi, Bhopal8. Santa Cruz: Mumbai9. Shakti Sthal: Delhi10. Shalimar Bagh: Srinagar11. Shahi Chashma: Srinagar12. Shanti Van: Delhi13. Shore Temple: Mahabalipuram14. Sidi Sayyid Mosque: Ahmedabad15. Somnathpur Temple: Mysore 16. Statue of Gomateswara: Mysore17. Statue of Ugra: Hampi18. Sunderbans: West Bengal19. Sun Temple: Konarak20. Taj Mahal: Agra21. Tehzeeb Mahal: Srinagar22. Tirupati Temple: Andhra Pradesh23. Tower of Silence: Mumbai (of the Parsis)24. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata25. Victoria Garden: Mumbai26. Vijay Ghat: Delhi
CAPITALS OF COUNTRIES
Afghanistan: KabulAlbania: TiranaAlgeria: AlgiersAngola: LuandaAntigua & Barbuda: St John’sArgentina: Buenos AiresArmenia: YerevanAustralia: CanberraAustria : ViennaAzerbijan: BakuBahamas: NassauBahrain: ManamaBangladesh: DhakaBarbados: BridgetownBelgium: BrusselsBelarus: MinskBelize: BelmopanBenin: Porto NovoBhutan: ThimpuBosnia-Herzegovina : SarajevoBotswana: GaberonesBolivia: La PazBrazil: BrasilliaBrunei: Bandar Seri BegawanBulgaria: SofiaBurkina Faso: OuagadougauBurundi : BujumburaCambodia: Phnom PenhCameroon: YaoundeCanada: OttawaCape Verde: PraiaCentral African Republic: BanguiChad: Fort LamyChile: SantiagoChina: BeijingColombia: BogotaCongo: BrazzavilleCosta Rica: San JoseCroatia: ZagrebCuba: HavanaCyprus: NicosiaCzech Republic: PragueDenmark: CopenhagenDjibouti : DjiboutiDominican Republic: Santo DomingoEast Timor: Dilli Ecuador: QuitoEgypt: CairoEquatorial Guinea: Santa Isabel Eritrea: AsmaraEstonia: Tallion
Lesotho: MaseruLiberia: Verduz Libya: Tripoli Liechtenstein: VaduzLithuania: VilniusLuxembourg: LuxembourgMacedonia: Skopje Madagascar: AntananarivoMalawi: ZombaMalaysia: Kuala LumpurMaldives: MaleMali: BamakoMalta: VallettaMauritius: Port LouisMauritania: NouakchottMexico: Mexico CityMoldova: ChisinanMonaco: MonacoMongolia: Ulan BatorMorocco: RabatMozambique: Lourenco Marques Myanmar (Burma): RangoonNamibia: WindhoekNauru: YarenNepal : KathmanduNetherlands: AmsterdamNew Zealand : WellingtonNiger: NiameyNigeria: AbujaNorthern Ireland: BelfastNorway : OsloOman: MuscatPakistan: IslamabadPalau: KororPalestine: Jericho (Headquarters)Panama: Panama CityPapua New Guinea: Port MoreslyParaguay: AsuncionPeru: LimaPhilippines: ManilaPoland: WarsawPortugal: LisbonQatar: DohaRomania: BucharestRussia: MoscowRwanda: KigaliSaudi Arabia: RiyadhSenegal: DakarSerbia: BelgradeSeychelles: VictoriaSierra Leone: Freetown
Ethiopia: Addis AbabaFiji: SuvaFinland: HelsinkiFrance: ParisGabon: LibrevilleGambia: BanjulGeorgia: TiblisiGermany: BerlinGhana: AccraGreece: AthensGrenada: St George’sGuatemala: Guatemala CityGuinea: ConakryGuinea-Bissau: BissauGuyana: GeorgetownHonduras: TegucigalpaHungar: BudapestIndia: New DelhiIndonesia: JakartaIran: TehranIraq: BaghdadIreland (or Eire): DublinIsrael: JerusalemItaly: RomeIvory Coast: AbidjanJamaica: KingstonJapan: TokyoJordan: AmmanKenya: NairobiKazakhstan: Alma-AtaKirghiztan: BishkekKiribati: TarawaKorea (North): PyongyangKorea (South): SeoulLatvia: RigaLatvia: RigaLaos: VientianeLebanon: Beirut
Singapore: Singapore CitySlovakia: BratislavaSlovenia: LjubejanaSouth Africa: Pretoria and Cape TownSomalia: MagadishuSpain: MadridSri Lanka: Colombo Sudan: KhartoumSuriname: Paramaribo Swaziland: Mbabne Sweden: Stockholm Switzerland: BerneSyria: DamascusTajikistan: DushanbeTaiwan: TaipeiTanzania: DodomaThailand: BangkokTogoland: LomeTonga: Nuku’alofaTrinidad and Tobago: Port-of-SpainTunisia: TunisTurkey: AnkaraTurkmenistan: AshkhabadUganda: KampalaUkraine: KievUnited Arab Emirates: Abu DhabiUnited Kingdom: LondonUpper Volta: Quagadougon Uruguay: MontivideoU.S.A.: WashingtonUzbekistan: TashkentVanuatu: Port VileVietnam: HanoiWestern Samoa: ApiaYemen: San’a Zaire Republi: KinshasaZambia: LusakaZimbabwe: Harare
GEOGRAPHICAL EPITHETS
1. Bengal’s Sorrow: Damodar River
2. Blue Mountains: Nilgiri Hills
3. China’s Sorrow: Hawang-Ho
4. City Beautiful: Chandigarh
5. City of Dreaming Spires: Oxford
6. City of Golden Gate: San Francisco
7. City of Magnificent Buildings: Washington
8. City of Palaces: Calcutta
9. City of Seven Hills: Rome
10. City of Sky-scrapers: New York
11. Cockpit of Europe: Belgium
12. Dark Continent: Africa
13. Emerald Isle: Ireland
14. Eternal City: Rome
15. Forbidden City: Lhasa (Tibet)
16. Garden City: Chicago
17. Gate of Tears: Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb
18. Gateway of India: Bombay
19. Gift of the Nile: Egypt
20. Granite City: Aberdeen
21. Hermit Kingdom: Korea
22. Herring Pond: Atlantic Ocean
23. Holy Land: Palestine
24. Island Continent: Australia
25. Island of Cloves: Zanzibar
26. Isle of Pearls: Bahrain (Persian Gulf)
27. Key to the Mediterranean: Gibraltar
28. Land of Cakes: Scotland
29. Land of Golden Fleece: Australia
30. Land of Maple: Canada
31. Land of Morning Calm: Korea
32. Land of Thousand Lakes: Finland
33. Land of the Midnight Sun: Norway
34. Land of the Rising Sun: Japan
35. Land of the Thunderbolt: Bhutan
36. Land of White Elephant: Thailand
37. Loneliest Island: Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
38. Never Never land: Vast Prairies of N. Australia
39. Pearl of the Antilles: Cuba
40. Pearl of the Pacific: Guayaquil port of Ecuador
41. Pillars of Hercules: Straits of Gibraltar
42. Playground of Europe: Switzerland
43. Quaker City: Philadelphia
44. Queen of the Adriatic: Venice
45. Roof of the World: The Pamirs, Central Asia
46. Rose-pink City: Jaipur
47. Sorrow of China: Yellow River
48. Spice Garden of India: Kerala
49. Sugar bowl of the World: Cuba
50. Venice of the East: Alappuzha
51. Venice of the North: Stockholm
52. White man’s grave: Guinea Coast of Africa
53. Windy City: Chicago
TRIBES & RACES
Afridis: A war-like race of hill men on the north-west frontier of Pakistan (tribal area of Waziristan).Bedouins: Nomadic tribe of Arabia, spread over the whole of Northern Africa and Western Asia.Bhils: a primitive Dravidian race inhabiting Central India.Boer: a name applied to South Africans of Dutch or Huguenot descent, especially to early settlers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State and their descendants.Bushmen: They live in the Kalahari desert. They are probably the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of Africa. They rank among the most uncivilized and backward peoples in the world. Their food consists almost entirely of meat, often raw or decomposed, and in times of scarcity they will eat insects, snakes etc.Cossacks: Peasants of the south-eastern border land of Poland, or Ukraina are known as Cossacks. Many of them belong to Turkic people while many others are of a mix descent.Eskimos: Race living in the Arctic regions: Greenland, Alaska, Labradors and the extreme north-east corner of Siberia.Karbis: are natives of Assam.Khasis: are a tribe inhabiting the Khasi and Jaintia hills in the north-eastern hilly tracts in Meghalaya State of India. The Khasis have their own distinctive language and culture.Kikuyu: are a race of Bantu negroes who live in the north of Mount Kenya. They combine agriculture with pastoralism.Kirghiz: of Central Asia are an example of people adopted to a grassland environment. They are pastoral nomads who move from pasture to pasture with the flocks and herds of horses, camels, oxen, sheep and goats. Meat forms only a small portion of their food. The Kirghiz are fearless horsemen, and even their children are expert riders.Kiwis: inhabit New Zealand.Lambadies: are concentrated in Karnataka State of India.Lepchas: are aborigins of Sikkim and Darjeeling. They are one of the Scheduled Tribes of the Hills, recognised by the Government of India.Magyars: the Hungarian race who came to Eastern Europe from south-west Asia and settled in Hungary in the 10th century.Mahsud: Hill-tribe living in north-west of Pakistan.Maoris: are the original inhabitants of New Zealand. The Maoris are tall, muscular, handsome people, with brown skin and black hair. They are greatly skilled in stone and wood-carving.Masai: of the east African Plateau are the example of pastoral people. They are tall, strong, warlike race, partly negroid in type. They treat their cattle with great respect and affection and do not kill them for food or for sale as meat.Moplas: A Muslim tribe of Malabar (Kerala, India).Mayas: A large group of American Indians living in the highlands of Gauatemala.Munda: They are mostly located in the State of Madhya Pradesh in India.Nagas: Hill tribe of Nagaland (India).Negritos: are the ancient tribes of Andamans.Negro: A race of men distinguished by dark skin, fuzzy hair, broad and protruding lips, living in south-west and Central Africa.Red Indians: Race living in U.S.A. between the rocky Mountains and the Missouri River. They are original inhabitants of America.Santhals: Aboriginal natives of Orissa and Chhotanagpur.Semangs: are tribal people living in Malaysia.Todas: They are aboriginal tribe of the Nilgiris (India).Zulus: are a race of negroid people in Natal (South Africa), having close ethnic, linguistic and cultural ties with the Swazis and the Bantus.
Prime Minister of India
Name of Prime Minister Tenure
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) 15 August 1947-27 May 1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) 27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 (Acting)
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) 9 June 1964-11 January 1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) 11 January 1964 - 24 January 1966 (Acting)
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 24 January 1966 -24 March 1977
Morarji Desai (1896-1995) 24 March 1977- 28 July 1979
Charan Singh (1902-1987) 28 July 1979- 14 January 1980
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 14 January 1980- 31 October 1984
Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) 31 October 1984- 1 December 1989
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (b-1931) 2 December 1989- 10 November 1990
Chandra Shekhar (b-1927) 10 November 1990- 21 June 1991
P.V Narasimha Rao (b-1921) 21 June 1991- 16 May 1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 16 May 1996- 01 June 1996
H.D Deva Gowda (b-1933) 01 June 1996- 21 April 1997
I.K Gujral (b-1933) 21 April 1997- 18 March 1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 19 March 1998- 13 October 1999
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 13 October 1999- 22 May 2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh (b-1932) 22 May 2004- till date
List of Presidents in India
Presidents of India Birth/death Tenure
Dr.Rajendra Prasad 1884-1963 01/26/50 to 05/13/62
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1888-1975 05/13/62 to 05/13/67
Zakir Hussain 1897-1969 05/13/67 to 05/03/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1894-1980 05/03/69 to 07/20/69
Muhammad Hidayatullah 1905-1992 07/20/69 to 08/24/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1894-1980 08/24/69 to 08/24/74
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1905-1977 08/24/74 to 02/11/77
Basappa Danappa Jatti 1912-2002 02/11/77 to 07/25/77
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1913-1996 07/25/77 to 07/25/82
Giani Zail Singh 1916-1994 07/25/82 to 07/25/87
Ramaswamy Venkataraman (4 December 1910) 1910-2009 07/25/87 to 07/25/92
Shankar Dayal Sharma (Born on 19 August 1918) 1918-1999 07/25/92 to 07/25/97
Kocheril Raman Narayanan (Born on 27 October 1920) 1920-2005 07/25/97 to 07/25/02
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Born on 15 October 1931) 1931 07/25/02 to 07/25/07
Smt. Pratibha Patil 1934 07/25/07 to 07/25/12
Pranab Mukherjee 1935 07/25/12 to ___________
Vice-Presidents of India
1. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan May 13, 1952 to May 12, 1962
2. Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1962 to May 12, 19673. Varahagiri Venkata Giri May 13, 1967 to May 3, 19694. Gopal Swarup Pathak August 31, 1969 to August 30, 1974
5. Basappa Danappa Jatti August 31, 1974 to August 30, 1979
6. Muhammad Hidayat Ullah August 31, 1979 to August 30, 1984
7. Ramaswamy Venkataraman August 31, 1984 to July 27, 1987
8. Shankar Dayal Sharma September 3, 1987 to July 24, 19929. Kocheril Raman Narayanan August 21, 1992 to July 24, 199710. Krishan Kant August 21, 1997 to July 27, 200211. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat August 19, 2002 to -12. Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari 11th August 2007 to till date
Lok Speaker of India
Lok Sabha First meeting Dissolution Speaker Tenure1st t Lok Sabha 13 May, 1952 4 April, 1957 Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar 15 May, 1952-27 – February, 1956
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar 8 March, 1956 – 10 May, 1957
2nd Lok Sabha 10 May, 1957 31 March, 1962 M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar 11 May, 1957 – 16 April, 1962
3rd Lok Sabha 16 April, 1962 3 March, 1967 Hukam Singh 17 April, 1962 – 16 March, 1967
4th Lok Sabha 16 March, 1967 7 December, 1970Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 17 March, 1967 – 19 July, 1969
Gurdial Singh Dhillon 8 August, 1969 – 19 March, 1971
5th Lok Sabha 19 March, 1971 18 January, 1977Gurdial Singh Dhillon 22 March, 1971 – 1 December, 1975
Bali Ram Bhagat 5 January, 1976 – 25 March, 1977
6th Lok Sabha 25 March, 1977 22 August, 1979Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 26 March, 1977 – 13 July, 1977
K. S. Hegde 21 July, 1977 – 21 January, 1980
7th Lok Sabha 21 January, 1980 31 December, 1984 Bal Ram Jakhar 22 January, 1980 – 15 January, 1985
8th Lok Sabha 15 January, 1985 27 November, 1989 Bal Ram Jakhar, 16 January, 1985 – 18 December, 1989
9th Lok Sabha 18 December, 1989 13 March, 1991 Ravi Ray 19 December, 1989 – 9 July, 1991
10th Lok Sabha 9 July, 1991 10 May, 1996 Shivraj V. Patil 10 July, 1991 – 22 May, 1996
11th Lok Sabha 22 May, 1996 4 Dec., 1997 P. A. Sangma 23 May, 1996 – 23 March, 1998 (FN)
12th Lok Sabha 23 March, 1998, 26 April, 1999 G. M. C. Balayogi 24 March, 1998 – 20 October, 1999 (FN)
13th Lok Sabha 20 October, 1999 6 February, 2004G. M. C. Balayogi 22 October, 1999 – 3 March, 2002
Manohar Joshi 10 May, 2002 – 4 June, 2004
14th Lok Sabha 2 June, 2004 — Somnath Chatterjee 4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009
15th Lok Sabha — Smt. Meira Kumar 3 June, 2009 – Till date
Language of States
LanguageSpeakers(in millions, 20
01)[25]State(s)
Assamese/Axomiya 13 Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Bengali 83 West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Bodo 1.4 Assam
Dogri 2.3 Jammu and Kashmir
Gujarati 46 Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat
Hindi 258–422[26]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ( All over Country)
Kannada 38 Karnataka
Kashmiri 5.5 Jammu and Kashmir
Konkani 2.5–7.6[27] Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala
Maithili 12–32[28] Bihar
Malayalam 33 Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry
Manipuri (also Meithei) 1.5 Manipur
Marathi 72 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh
Nepali 2.9 Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam
Oriya 33 Orissa
Punjabi 29 Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
Sanskrit 0.01 non-regional
Santhali 6.5 Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)
Sindhi 2.5 non-regional
Tamil 61 Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry
Telugu 74 Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
Urdu 52 Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand
National Festival of India
S.No Name of Indian National Festival Importance of National Festival1 Aug 15 - Independence Da The red-letter day in the Indian calendar when India
achieved freedom from the British rule on this day in the year 1947
2 Jan 26 Republic Day The day when India became a truly sovereign state as the constitution of India came into force on this day in the year 1950
3 Oct 2 - Gandhi Jayanti The birth anniversary of Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi who was born on this day in the year 1869.
List of Indian Folk Dances by Indian States and Union Territories:
Sl. No. States Folk Dance1. Andhra Pradesh Thapetta Gullu
2. Arunachal Pradesh Bardo Chham
3. Assam Bihu
4. Bihar Karma/Munda
5. Chhattisgarh Panthi, Raut Nacha
6. Goa Koli, Tarangmel
7. Gujarat Dandiya, Garba, Padhar, Raas
8. Haryana Ghoomar
9. Himachal Pradesh Kinnauri Nati
10. Jammu and Kashmir Dumhal (Kashmir), Spaw (Ladakh)
11. Jharkhand
12. Karnataka Dollu Kunitha, Yakshagana
13. Kerala Padayani
14. Madhya Pradesh Charkula, Jawara, Tertali
15. Maharashtra Pavri Nach, Tamasha/Lavani, Dindi
16. Manipur Dol cholam, Thang Ta
17. Meghalaya
18. Mizoram Cheraw Dance
19. Nagaland
20. Orissa Ruk Mar Nacha (Chhau dance ), Dalkai, Goti Pua
21. Punjab Bhangra, Giddha
22. Rajasthan Chari, Kalbelia, Ghoomar, Fire Dance, Kachhi Gori
23. Sikkim Singhi Chham
24. Tamil Nadu Devarattam, Kummi, Poikal Kudirai Attam, Kamandi or Kaman Pandigai, Kolattam, Mayil Attam or Peacock dance, Theru Koothu
25. Tripura Hojagiri
26. Uttarakhand
27. Uttar Pradesh
28. West Bengal
Sl. No. Union Territories Folk Dance1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Nicobarese dances
2. Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4. Daman and Diu
5. Delhi
6. Lakshadweep Lava
7. Pondicherry Garadi
Currency of Countries
S.No Country Currency
1 Afghanistan Afghan afghani
2 Albania Albanian lek3 Algeria Algerian dinar4 American Samoa see United States5 Andorra see Spain and France6 Angola Angolan kwanza7 Anguilla East Caribbean dollar8 Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar9 Argentina Argentine peso10 Armenia Armenian dram11 Aruba Aruban florin12 Australia Australian dollar13 Austria European euro14 Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat15 Bahamas Bahamian dollar16 Bahrain Bahraini dinar17 Bangladesh Bangladeshi taka18 Barbados Barbadian dollar19 Belarus Belarusian ruble20 Belgium European euro21 Belize Belize dollar22 Benin West African CFA franc23 Bermuda Bermudian dollar24 Bhutan Bhutanese ngultrum25 Bolivia Bolivian boliviano26 Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka27 Botswana Botswana pula28 Brazil Brazilian real29 British Indian Ocean Territory see United Kingdom30 Brunei Brunei dollar31 Bulgaria Bulgarian lev32 Burkina Faso West African CFA franc33 Burma see Myanmar34 Burundi Burundi franc35 Cambodia Cambodian riel36 Cameroon Central African CFA franc37 Canada Canadian dollar38 Canton and Enderbury Islands see Kiribati39 Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo40 Cayman Islands Cayman Islands dollar41 Central African Republic Central African CFA franc42 Chad Central African CFA franc43 Chile Chilean peso44 China Chinese renminbi45 Christmas Island see Australia46 Cocos (Keeling) Islands see Australia
47 Colombia Colombian peso48 Comoros Comorian franc49 Congo Central African CFA franc50 Congo, Democratic Republic Congolese franc51 Cook Islands see New Zealand52 Costa Rica Costa Rican colon53 Côte d'Ivoire West African CFA franc54 Croatia Croatian kuna55 Cuba Cuban peso56 Cyprus European euro57 Czech Republic Czech koruna58 Denmark Danish krone59 Djibouti Djiboutian franc60 Dominica East Caribbean dollar61 Dominican Republic Dominican peso62 Dronning Maud Land see Norway63 East Timor see Timor-Leste64 Ecuador uses the U.S. Dollar65 Egypt Egyptian pound66 El Salvador uses the U.S. Dollar67 Equatorial Guinea Central African CFA franc68 Eritrea Eritrean nakfa69 Estonia Estonian kroon70 Ethiopia Ethiopian birr71 Faeroe Islands (Føroyar) see Denmark72 Falkland Islands Falkland Islands pound73 Fiji Fijian dollar74 Finland European euro75 France European euro76 French Guiana see France77 French Polynesia CFP franc78 Gabon Central African CFA franc79 Gambia Gambian dalasi80 Georgia Georgian lari81 Germany European euro82 Ghana Ghanaian cedi83 Gibraltar Gibraltar pound84 Great Britain see United Kingdom85 Greece European euro86 Greenland see Denmark87 Grenada East Caribbean dollar88 Guadeloupe see France89 Guam see United States90 Guatemala Guatemalan quetzal91 Guernsey see United Kingdom92 Guinea-Bissau West African CFA franc
93 Guinea Guinean franc94 Guyana Guyanese dollar95 Haiti Haitian gourde96 Heard and McDonald Islands see Australia97 Honduras Honduran lempira98 Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar99 Hungary Hungarian forint100 Iceland Icelandic króna101 India Indian rupee102 Indonesia Indonesian rupiah103 International Monetary Fund Special Drawing Rights104 Iran Iranian rial105 Iraq Iraqi dinar106 Ireland European euro107 Isle of Man see United Kingdom108 Israel Israeli new sheqel109 Italy European euro110 Ivory Coast see Côte d'Ivoire111 Jamaica Jamaican dollar112 Japan Japanese yen113 Jersey see United Kingdom114 Johnston Island see United States115 Jordan Jordanian dinar116 Kampuchea see Cambodia117 Kazakhstan Kazakhstani tenge118 Kenya Kenyan shilling119 Kiribati see Australia120 Korea, North North Korean won121 Korea, South South Korean won122 Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar123 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstani som124 Laos Lao kip125 Latvia Latvian lats126 Lebanon Lebanese lira127 Lesotho Lesotho loti128 Liberia Liberian dollar129 Libya Libyan dinar130 Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc131 Lithuania Lithuanian litas132 Luxembourg European euro133 Macau Macanese pataca134 Macedonia (Former Yug. Rep.) Macedonian denar
135 Madagascar Malagasy ariary136 Malawi Malawian kwacha137 Malaysia Malaysian ringgit
138 Maldives Maldivian rufiyaa139 Mali West African CFA franc140 Malta European Euro141 Martinique see France142 Mauritania Mauritanian ouguiya143 Mauritius Mauritian rupee144 Mayotte see France145 Micronesia see United States146 Midway Islands see United States147 Mexico Mexican peso148 Moldova Moldovan leu149 Monaco see France150 Mongolia Mongolian tugrik151 Montenegro see Italy152 Montserrat East Caribbean dollar153 Morocco Moroccan dirham154 Mozambique Mozambican metical155 Myanmar Myanma kyat156 Nauru see Australia157 Namibia Namibian dollar158 Nepal Nepalese rupee159 Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean gulden160 Netherlands European euro161 New Caledonia CFP franc162 New Zealand New Zealand dollar163 Nicaragua Nicaraguan córdoba164 Niger West African CFA franc165 Nigeria Nigerian naira166 Niue see New Zealand167 Norfolk Island see Australia168 Northern Mariana Islands see United States169 Norway Norwegian krone170 Oman Omani rial171 Pakistan Pakistani rupee172 Palau see United States173 Panama Panamanian balboa174 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinean kina175 Paraguay Paraguayan guarani176 Peru Peruvian nuevo sol177 Philippines Philippine peso178 Pitcairn Island see New Zealand179 Poland Polish zloty180 Portugal European euro181 Puerto Rico see United States182 Qatar Qatari riyal183 Reunion see France
184 Romania Romanian leu185 Russia Russian ruble186 Rwanda Rwandan franc187 Samoa (Western) see Western Samoa188 Samoa (America) see United States189 San Marino see Italy190 São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe dobra191 Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal192 Sénégal West African CFA franc193 Serbia Serbian dinar194 Seychelles Seychellois rupee195 Sierra Leone Sierra Leonean leone196 Singapore Singapore dollar197 Slovakia European euro198 Slovenia European euro199 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar200 Somalia Somali shilling201 South Africa South African rand202 Spain European euro203 Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee204 St. Helena Saint Helena pound205 St. Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar206 St. Lucia East Caribbean dollar207 St. Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar208 Sudan Sudanese pound209 Suriname Surinamese dollar210 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands see Norway
211 Swaziland Swazi lilangeni212 Sweden Swedish krona213 Switzerland Swiss franc214 Syria Syrian pound215 Tahiti see French Polynesia216 Taiwan New Taiwan dollar217 Tajikistan Tajikistani somoni218 Tanzania Tanzanian shilling219 Thailand Thai baht220 Timor-Leste uses the U.S. Dollar221 Togo West African CFA franc222 Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar223 Tunisia Tunisian dinar224 Turkey Turkish new lira225 Turkmenistan Turkmen manat226 Turks and Caicos Islands see United States227 Tuvalu see Australia228 Uganda Ugandan shilling
229 Ukraine Ukrainian hryvnia230 United Arab Emirates UAE dirham231 United Kingdom British pound232 United States of America United States dollar233 Upper Volta see Burkina Faso234 Uruguay Uruguayan peso235 Uzbekistan Uzbekistani som236 Vanuatu Vanuatu vatu237 Vatican see Italy238 Venezuela Venezuelan bolivar239 Vietnam Vietnamese dong240 Virgin Islands see United States241 Wake Island see United States242 Wallis and Futuna Islands CFP franc243 Western Sahara see Spain, Mauritania and Morocco244 Western Samoa Samoan tala
245 Yemen Yemeni rial246 Zaïre see Congo, Democratic Republic247 Zambia Zambian kwacha
248 Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar
Chief Justice of India
Number Name Period of office
1 H. J. Kania 26-Jan-50 November 6, 1951‡
2 M. Patanjali Sastri 7-Nov-51 3-Jan-543 Mehr Chand Mahajan 4-Jan-54 22-Dec-544 B. K. Mukherjee 23-Dec-54 January 31, 1956‡‡
5 Sudhi Ranjan Das 1-Feb-56 30-Sep-596 Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha 1-Oct-59 31-Jan-647 P. B. Gajendragadkar 1-Feb-64 15-Mar-668 Amal Kumar Sarkar 16-Mar-66 29-Jun-669 Koka Subba Rao 30-Jun-66 April 11, 1967‡‡
10 Kailas Nath Wanchoo 12-Apr-67 24-Feb-6811 Mohammad Hidayatullah 25-Feb-68 16-Dec-7012 Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah 17-Dec-70 21-Jan-71
13 Sarv Mittra Sikri 22-Jan-71 25-Apr-7314 Ajit Nath Ray 26-Apr-73 27-Jan-7715 Mirza Hameedullah Beg 28-Jan-77 21-Feb-7816 Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud 22-Feb-78 11-Jul-8517 P. N. Bhagwati 12-Jul-85 20-Dec-8618 R. S. Pathak 21-Dec-86 June 18, 1989‡‡
19 E. S. Venkataramiah 19-Jun-89 17-Dec-8920 Sabyasachi Mukherjee 18-Dec-89 September 25, 1990‡
21 Ranganath Misra 26-Sep-90 24-Nov-9122 Kamal Narain Singh 25-Nov-91 12-Dec-9123 M. H. Kania 13-Dec-91 17-Nov-9224 Lalit Mohan Sharma 18-Nov-92 11-Feb-9325 M. N. Venkatachaliah 12-Feb-93 24-Oct-9426 Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi 25-Oct-94 24-Mar-9727 Jagdish Sharan Verma 25-Mar-97 17-Jan-9828 Madan Mohan Punchhi 18-Jan-98 9-Oct-9829 Adarsh Sein Anand 10-Oct-98 11-Jan-01
30 Sam Piroj Bharucha 11-Jan-01 6-May-0231 Bhupinder Nath Kirpal 6-May-02 8-Nov-0232 Gopal Ballav Pattanaik 8-Nov-02 19-Dec-0233 V. N. Khare 19-Dec-02 2-May-0434 S. Rajendra Babu 2-May-04 1-Jun-0435 Ramesh Chandra Lahoti 1-Jun-04 1-Nov-0536 Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal 1-Nov-05 13-Jan-0737 K. G. Balakrishnan 13-Jan-07 11-May-1038 S. H. Kapadia 12-May-10 28-Sep-1239 Altamas Kabir 29-Sep-12 Incumbent40414243444546474849505152
FIVE YEAR PLANS IN INDIAFirst Five Year Plan (1951-1956 Target Growth:2.1% Actual Growth:3.6%.
Second Five Year Plan (1956–1961). Target Growth: 4.5% Actual Growth: 4.27%.
Third Five Year Plan (1961–1966) Target Growth:5.6% Actual Growth: 2.84%.
Three One Year Plans (1967-1969) Realization 3.9%
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969–1974. Target Growth: 5.7% Actual Growth: 3.20%.
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–1979) Target Growth: 4.4% Actual Growth: 4.7%
Sixth Five Year Plan (1980–1985) Target Growth: 5.2% Actual Growth: 4.7%
Seventh Five Year Plan (1985–1990) Target Growth 5.0% Actual Growth 6.0%
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992–1997) Target Growth:5.6% Actual Growth: 4.7%
Ninth Five Year Plan (1997–2002) Target Growth:6.5% Actual Growth: 4.7%
Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–2007) Target Growth:8.0% Actual Growth: 4.7%
Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–2012) Target Growth 8.7%
Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017) Plans to fix a average target of 9%.
Twenty Twenty World CupYear & Final Venue FinalHost Nation(s) Winner Result Runner Up2007 South Africa Wanderers Stadium,
Johannesburg India 157/5 India won by 5 runs Pakistan 152
2009 England Lord's, London Pakistan 139/2 Pakistan won by 8 wickets Sri Lanka 138/6
2010 West Indies Kensington oval, Barbados England 148/3 England won by 7 wickets Australia 147/6
2012 Sri Lanka R Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
West Indies 137/6
West Indies won by 36 runs Sri Lanka 101
2014 Bangladesh
2016 India
Women
Year Host Nation(s) Final Venue
Final
Winner Result Runner Up
2009England
Lord's, London England
86/4 (17 overs)England won by 6 wickets
New Zealand
85 (10)
2010West Indies
Kensington Oval, Barbados
Australia
106/8 (20 overs)Australia won by 3 runs
New Zealand
103/6 (20 overs)
2012 Sri Lanka
Stadium, Colombo Australia
142/4 (20 overs)
Australia won by 4 runsScorecard
England
138/9 (20 ove
List of Indian cities on rivers
City River StateChandauli Ganges Uttar PradeshJajmau Ganges Uttar PradeshNaubasta Pandu Uttar PradeshNawabganj Ganges Uttar PradeshBithoor Ganges Uttar PradeshUjjain Kshipra Madhya PradeshKolhapur Panchganga MaharashtraRajkot Aji GujaratVadodara Vishwamitri GujaratAgra Yamuna Uttar PradeshMathura Yamuna Uttar PradeshNew Delhi Yamuna DelhiAuraiya Yamuna Uttar PradeshEtawah Yamuna Uttar PradeshJabalpur Narmada Madhya PradeshHyderabad Moosi Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada Krishna Andhra PradeshBangalore Vrishabhavathi KarnatakaFarrukhabad Ganges Uttar PradeshFatehgarh Ganges Uttar PradeshKannauj Ganges Uttar PradeshMangalore Netravati, Gurupura KarnatakaShimoga Tunga River KarnatakaBhadravathi Bhadra KarnatakaHospet Tungabhadra KarnatakaKarwar Kali KarnatakaBagalkot Ghataprabha KarnatakaHonnavar Sharavathi KarnatakaGwalior Chambal Madhya PradeshGorakhpur Rapti Uttar PradeshLucknow Gomti Uttar PradeshKanpur Ganges Uttar PradeshKanpur Cantonment Ganges Uttar PradeshShuklaganj Ganges Uttar PradeshChakeri Ganges Uttar PradeshKolkata Hooghly West BengalVaranasi Ganges Uttar PradeshAllahabad Ganges Uttar PradeshAhmedabad Sabarmati GujaratPatna Ganges BiharMalegaon Girna River MaharashtraGuwahati Brahmaputra AssamCuttack Mahanadi OrissaSambalpur Mahanadi OrissaRourkela Brahmani OrissaHaridwar Ganges UttarkhandPune Mula, Mutha MaharashtraDaman Daman Ganga River DamanMadurai Vaigai Tamil NaduThiruchirapalli Cauvery Tamil NaduChennai Cooum, Adyar Tamil NaduCoimbatore Noyyal Tamil NaduErode Cauvery Tamil NaduTirunelveli Thamirabarani Tamil NaduSurat Tapti GujratBharuch Narmada GujaratKota Chambal RajasthanKarjat Ulhas MaharashtraNashik Godavari MaharashtraMahad Savitri MaharashtraRajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh
Nanded Godavari MaharashtraNellore Pennar Andhra PradeshSangli Krishna MaharashtraKarad Krishna,Koyna Maharashtra
Famous Countries and their ParliamentsCountry Name Parliament Name
Afghanistan ShoraAustralia ParliamentBangladesh Jatia ParliamentBhutan TasongaduCanada ParliamentChina National People CongressDenmark FolketingEgypt People's AssemblyFrance ParlementGermany BundestagGreat Britain ParliamentHungary OrszággyűlésIceland AlthingIndia SansadIran MajilisIreland OireachtasIsrael The KnessetItaly Parlamento ItalianoJapan DietKuwait Majlis-al-Umma
Lativa SaeimaMalaysia MajilisMaldives MajilisMagnolia KhuralNepal Rashtriya PanchayatNetherlands States General (Staten-Generaal)Norway StortingOman MajlisPakistan Majlis-e-ShooraPoland ScymRussia DumaSpain CrotesSweden RiksdagSouth Africa ParliamentSwitzerland Federal AssemblyTaiwan YuanTurkey Grand National AssemblyUSA CongressUzbekistan Oliy Majlis
The Wonders of the World
The New Seven Wonders of the World - Announced in 20071. The Great Wall, China 2. Petra, Jordan
3. Christ Redeemer, Brazil 4. Machu Picchu, Peru
5. Chichén Itzá, Mexico 6. The Roman Colosseum, Italy
7. The Taj Mahal, India
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
1. The Great Pyramid of Giza 2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
3. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 4. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
5. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 6. The Colossus of Rhodes
7. The Pharos of Alexandria
Famous International Airports of India
1. Airport Name: Guru Radmdass International Airport City: Amritsar State: Punjab
2. Airport Name: Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi
3. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport City Guwahati State Assam
4. Airport Name: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport City: Ahmedabad State: Gujarat
5. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport City Kolkata State West Bengal
6. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport City Mumbai State Maharashtra
7. Airport Name: Hyderabad Airport City: Hyderabad State: Andhra Pradesh
8. Airport Name: Goa Airport City: Vasco da Gama State: Goa
9. Airport Name: Chennai International Airport City Chennai State TamilNadu
10.Airport Name: Bangalore International Airport City: Bangalore State: Karnataka
11.Airport Name Cochin International Airport City: Cochin State: Kerala
12.Airport Name Trivandrum International Airport City: Thiruvananathapuram State: Kerala
LIST OF RECIPIENTS OF BHARAT RATNA
S. No. NAME AWARDED IN 1. Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) 1954
2. Dr. Sarvapali Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 1954
3. Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888-1970) 1954
4. Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) 1955
5. Dr. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) 1955
6. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 -1964) 1955
7. Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) 1957
8. Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) 1958
9. Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) 1961
10. Shri Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) 1961
11. Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 1962
12. Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) 1963
13. Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) 1963
14. Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) 1966
15. Smt. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 1971
16. Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980) 1975
17. Shri Kumaraswami Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) 1976
18. Mother Mary Taresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) 1980
19. Shri Acharya Vinobha Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982) 1983
20. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) 1987
21. Shri Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987) 1988
22. Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) 1990
23. Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (b-1918) 1990
24. Shri Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991) 1991
25. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) 1991
26. Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995) 1991
27. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) 1992
28. Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993) 1992
29. Shri Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) 1992
30. Shri Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998) 1997
31. Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1996) 1997
32. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b-1931) 1997
33. Smt. Madurai Sanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (1916-2005) 1998
34. Shri Chidambaram Subramniam (1910-2000) 1998
35. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979) 1999
36. Professor Amartya Sen (b-1933) 1999
37. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous) 1999
38. Pandit Ravi Shankar (b-1920) 1999
39. Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (b-1929) 2001
40. Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) 2001
41. Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922-2011) 2009
:
Nobel Prize Winner of India
S.No Name Subject Year
1. Rabindranath Tagore Literature 1913
2. C. V. Raman Physics 1930
3. Dr.Har Gobind Khurana Medicine 1968
4. Mother Teresa Peace 1979
5. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Physics 1983
6. Amartya Sen Economics 1998
7. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Chemistry 2009
8.
National Political Parties
Party Abbreviation General Secretary / President
Nationalist Congress Party NCP Sharad Pawar
Indian National Congress INC Sonia Gandhi
Bharatiya Janata Party BJP Nitin Gadkari
Communist Party of India CPI Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy
Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) Prakash Karat
Political Parties of States
State Party name
Andhra Pradesh Lok Satta Party ,
Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
Telangana Rashtra Samithi
Telugu Desam Party
Arun Khitoliya National Party
Assam
All India United Democratic Front
Asom Gana Parishad
Bodoland People's Front
Bihar Janata Dal (United),Rashtriya Janata Dal
GoaZGE
Save Goa Front
HaryanaHaryana Janhit Congress (BL)
Indian National Lok Dal
Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
Jharkhand
AJSU Party
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
Rashtriya Janata Dal
Karnataka
Janata Dal (Secular)
Karnataka Janata Party
BSR Congress
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha
Kannada Nadu
Kerala
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Janata Dal (Secular)
Kerala Congress
IUML
Maharashtra Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, Shiv Sena
Manipur
Manipur People’s Party
National People’s Party
Rashtriya Janata Dal
All India Trinamool Congress
Meghalaya United Democratic Party
Mizoram Mizo National Front
Mizoram People’s Conference
Zoram Nationalist Party
Nagaland Nagaland Peoples Front
Orissa Biju Janata Dal
Pondicherry
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
All India N.R. Congress
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
Punjab Shiromani Akali Dal ,People's Party of Punjab
Sikkim Sikkim Democratic Front
Tamil Nadu
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Moovendar makkal katchi
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
Uttar Pradesh Rashtriya Lok Dal ,Peace Party,Samajwadi Party,BSP
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
West Bengal
All India Forward Bloc
All India Trinamool Congress
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Important Abbreviation (India)
Sr. No.
Abbreviation Stands For
1 AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India2 AAPSO Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation3 AASU All Assam Students Union4 ABM Anti Ballistic Missile5 AC Alternate Current OR Air Conditioner6 ACC Ancillary Cadet Core7 AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)8 ADB Asian Development Bank.9 AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment10 AGOC Asian Games Organisation Committee11 AICC All India Congress Committee12 AICTE All India Council of Technical Education13 AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome14 AIFE All India Football Federation15 AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences16 AIL Aeronautics India Limited17 AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board18 AIR All India Radio (Broadcasting)19 AITUE All India Trade Union Congress
20 AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon)21 ANC African National Congress22 APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation23 APSC Army Postal Services Core24 ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations25 ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle26 ASI Archaeological Survey of India27 ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)28 ASWAC Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control29 ATS Anti Tetanus Serum30 BAMS Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery31 BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre32 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation33 BC Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus)34 BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)35 BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India36 BEL Bharat Electronics Limited37 BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg38 BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited39 BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial
Reconstruction Finance Board)40 BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic
Cooperation41 BIS Bureau of Indian Standards42 B Pharma Bachelor of Pharmacy43 BSF Border Security Force44 CAD Command Area Development45 CAG Comptroller and Auditor General46 CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere47 CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy48 CBI Central Bureau of Investigation49 CBSE Central. Board of Secondary Education50 CCEA Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs51 CCS Cabinet Committee on Security52 C-DAC Centre For Development of Advance Computing53 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access54 CDRI Central Drug Research Institute55 CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting56 CID Criminal Investigation Department57 CIS Commonwealth of Independent States58 CISF Central Industrial Security Force59 CITU Centre of Indian Trade Unions60 CLAT Common Law Admission Test (Started May 2008)61 CNG Compressed Natural Gas62 COD Central Ordnance Depot63 COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act64 CPO Central Passport Organisation65 CPRI Central Power Research Institute
66 CRPF Central Reserve Police Force67 CRR Cash Reserve Ratio68 CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research69 CSO Central Statistical Organisation70 CTS Computerised Tomography Scanner71 CVC Central Vigilance Commission72 DDT Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane73 DFDR ‘Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)’74 DIG Deputy Inspector General75 D. Lit. Doctor of Literature76 DM District Magistrate77 DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam78 DNA Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid79 DPAP ‘Drought Prone Area Programme80 DPC Dabhol Power Company82 DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation83 DTH Direct to Home84 DVD Digital Versatile Disk85 EAS Employment Assurance Scheme86 ECD European Central Bank87 ECG Electro Cardiogram88 EEC European Economic Community89 EEG Electro Encephalogram90 ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay91 EMF Electromotive Force92 EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange93 EPZ Export Processing Zone94 ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration95 ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act96 EVM Electronic Voting Machine97 EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of India98 FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation99 FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA)100 FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor101 FCI Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India102 FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)103 FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act104 FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act105 FICCI Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry106 FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board107 FIR First Information Report108 FRS Fellow of the Royal Society109 FTII Films and Television Institute of India110 FTZ Free Trade Zone111 GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited112 GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade113 GIC General Insurance Corporation114 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
115 GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front116 GNP Gross National Product117 GPF General Provident Fund118 GPO General Post Office119 GPS Global Positioning System120 GSI Geological Survey of India121 HAC Hindustan Aluminium Corporation122 HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited123 HCF Highest Common Factor124 HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation125 HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus126 HMT Hindustan Machine Tools127 HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation128 HYVS High Yield Variety Seeds129 IAAI International Airport Authority of India130 lAC Indian Airlines Corporation131 IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency132 IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute133 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank)134 ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research135 ICBM Inter Continental Ballistic Missile136 ICC International Cricket Council137 ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions138 ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited139 ICJ International Court of Justice140 ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research141 ICSI Indian Company Secretaries Institute142 IDA International Development Agency143 IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India144 IDO International Defence Organisation145 IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited146 IFA Indian Football Association147 IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India148 IFFI International Film Festival of India149 IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative150 IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions151 IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration152 IIS Indian Institute of Sciences153 IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company154 IIT Indian Institute of Technology155 ILO International Labour Organisation156 IMA Indian Military Academy157 IMF International Monetary Fund158 INGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art159 INS Indian Naval Ship160 INSAT Indian National Satellite161 INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite
162 INTERPOL International Police Organisation163 INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress164 IOC International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation165 IPC Indian Penal Code166 IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force167 IQ Intelligence Quotient168 IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile169 IRC International Red Cross170 IRDA Insurance Regulatory Development Authority171 IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme172 ISB Indian Standard Bureau173 ISM Indian School of Mines174 ISO International Organisation for Standardisation175 ISP Internet Services Provider176 ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation177 IST Indian Standard Time178 ITBP Indo-Tibet Border Police179 ITDC Indian Tourism Development Corporation180 ITPO Indian Trade Promotion Organisation181 ITO International Trade Organisation182 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resource183 ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress184 JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha185 KG Kinder Garten186 LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation187 LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India188 LLB Bachelor of Law189 LLM Master of Law190 LMG Light Machine Gun191 LoC Line of Control (Pakistan)192 LoAC Line of Actual Control (China)193 LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas194 LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide195 LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam196 MA Master of Arts197 MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation198 MBA Master of Business Administration199 MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery200 MBT Main Battle Tank201 MCA Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer
Application202 MCC Melbourne Cricket Club203 MD Doctor of Medicine204 MFN Most Favoured Nation205 MI Military Intelligence206 MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act207 MIT Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA)
208 MLA Member of Legislative Assembly209 MLC Member of Legislative Council210 MNC Multi National Corporation211 MRCP Member of Royal College of Physicians212 MRCS Member of Royal College of Surgeons213 MRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission214 MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax215 NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development216 NACO National AIDS Control Organisation217 NAEP National Adult Education Programme218 NAFED National Agricultural and Marketing Federation219 NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement220 NAPP Narora Atomic Power Plant221 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)222 NASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer’s Active Quotation223 NASSCOM National Association of Software & Service Companies224 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation225 NCW National Commission for Women226 NCCR National Council for Civil Right227 NCERT National Council of Educational Research & Training228 NDA National Defence Academy229 NDDB National Dairy Development Board230 NDF National Defence Fund.231 NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute232 NEFA North-East Frontier Agency233 NEPA National Environment Protection Authority234 NFDC National Film Development Corporation235 NFL National Fertilizer Limited236 NHRC National Human Rights Commission237 NICO New Information and Communication Order238 NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation239 NIIT National Institute of Information Technology240 NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences241 NITIE National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering242 NMDS National Missile Defence System (US)243 NMEP National Malaria Eradication Programme244 NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority245 NPC National Productivity Council246 NPP National Population Policy247 NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty248 NRDC National Research and Development Corporation249 NREP National Rural Employment Programme250 NRI Non Resident Indian251 NSC National Security Council252 NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation253 NTC National Textile Corporation254 NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation255 OGL Open General Licence
256 OIL Oil India Limited257 OK All Correct258 ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission259 OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries260 PCI Press Council of India261 PCS Provincial Civil Services262 Ph. D Doctor of ‘Philosophy263 PIN Postal lndex Number264 PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation265 PM Post Meridian / Prime Minister266 POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act267 PSLV Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle268 PTI Press Trust of India269 PRO Public Relations Officer270 PTO Please Turn Over271 PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra272 PVSM Param Vishisht Seva Medal273 PWD Public Work’s Department274 PWG People’s War Group275 QED Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved)276 QEF Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done)277 QEI Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found)278 QMG Quarter Master General279 RADAR Radio Angle Direction and Range280 RAW Research and Analysis Wing281 R & D Research and Development282 RBI Reserve Bank of India283 RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete284 RDX Research Developed Explosive285 RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College286 RMS Railway Mail Service287 RLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme288 RNA Ribonucleic Acid289 RPM Revolutions Per Minute290 RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh291 RTO Regional Transport Officer292 SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation293 SAC Space Application Centre294 SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement295 SAI Sports Authority of India296 SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited297 SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement298 SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome299 SC Security Council/Supreme Court300 SCI Shipping Corporation of India301 SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises302 SCRA Special Class Railway Apprentice303 SDR Special Drawing Rights
304 SEBI Security Exchange Board of India305 SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee306 SHAR Shri Harikota Range307 SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India308 SIS Secret Intelligence Service (U.K)309 SITA Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act310 SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle311 SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals312 SPICMC Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture313 STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station314 STD Subscribers Trunk Dialing315 STPI Software Technology Parks of India316 SWAPO South West African People’s Organisation317 TA Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy318 TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company319 TELEX Teleprinter Exchange320 TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited321 TNT Tri-nitro-toluene322 TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language323 TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India324 TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights325 TTE Travelling Ticket Examiner326 TTFI Table Tennis Federation of India327 TWA Trans World Airlines (USA)328 UDC Upper Division Clerk329 UFO Unidentified Flying Object330 UGC University Grants Commission331 UHT Ultra High Temperature332 ULFA United Liberation Front of Assam333 UNASUR Union of South American Nations (Spanish: Unión de Naciones
Suramericanas)334 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development335 UNDP United Nations Development Programme336 UNEF United Nations Emergency Force337 UNEP United Nations Environment Programme338 UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation339 UNFPA United Nations for Population Activities340 UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees341 UNI United News of India342 UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund343 UNO United Nations Organisation344 UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply345 UPSC Union Public Service Commission346 USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic347 UTI Unit Trust of India348 VAT Value Added Tax349 VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme350 VC Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross
351 VIP Very Important Person352 VPP Value Payable Post353 VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme354 VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited355 VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre356 WEF World Economic Forum357 WHO World Health Organisation358 WILL Wireless in Local Loop359 WMO World Meteorological Organisation360 WWF World Wild Life Fund361 WPI Wholesale Price Index362 WTO World Trade Organisation363 WWF World Wild Life Fund for Nature364 WWW World Wide Web365 YMCA Young Men’s Christians Association366 YWCA Young Women’s Christians Association367 ZBB Zero Based Budgeting368 ZSI Zoological Survey of India
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
COUNTRY EMBLEM COUNTRY EMBLEM
Australia Kangaroo Bangladesh Water Lily
Barbados Head of a Trident Belgium Lion
Canada White Lily Chile Candor & Huemul
Denmark Beach Dominica Sisserou Parrot
France Lily Germany Corn Flower
Guyana Canje Pheasant Hong Kong Bauhinia (Orchid Tree)
India Lioned Capital Iran Rose
Ireland Shamrock Israel Candelabrum
Italy White Lily Ivory Coast Elephant
Japan Chrysanthemum Lebanon Cedar Tree
Luxenbourg Lion with Crown Mongolia The Soyombo
Netherlands Lion New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway Lion Pakistan Crescent
Papua New Guinea Bird of paradise Spain Eagle
Senegal Bhobab Tree Sierra Leone Lion
Sri Lanka Lion Sudan Secretary Bird
Syria Eagle Turkey Crescent & Star
U.K. Rose U.S.A. Golden Rod
Principle Airlines of Countries
AIRLINES COUNTRY
Aeroflot USSR
Air India India
Air-Lanka SriLanka
Air France France
Air Canada Canada
Air Mauritius Mauritius
Alitalia Italy
Ariana Afghan Airlines Afghanistan
British Airways England
Bangladesh Biman Bangladesh
Cathay Pacific HongKong
Ceskoslovenske Aeroline Czechoslovakia
Egypt Air Egypt
Ethiopian Airlines Ethiopia
Emirates UAE
Finnair Finland
Garuda Airways Indonesia
Gulf Air Gulf
Indian Airlines India
Iran Air Iran
Iraq Airways Iraq
Japan Airlines Ltd. Japan
K.L.M. Royal Dutch Netherlands
Kenya Airways Kenya
Kuwait Airways Kuwait
Lufthansa Germany
Malaysian Airlines Malaysia
Pan American Airways USA
Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan
Quantas Empire Airways Australia
Royal Nepal Airlines Nepal
Sabena Belgium
Saudi Arabian Airlines Saudi Arabia
Scandinavian Airlines System Sweden
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Swiss Air Switzerland
Trans-World Airlines USA
Thai Airways International Thailand
Religions in the World
1. Buddhism
Founder Gautam Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbini)
Founded in 525 BC
Followed in India, China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam
Sacred Text The Tripitaka (Collection of Buddha’s teaching) also called Sutras
Sacred Places Lumbini (Nepal) where he received enlightenment and Kusinagar (UP) where he attained ‘Nirvana’.
Place of Worship Vihar (temple) and Monastery (where monks reside)
Sects Mahayana and Hinayana
2. Confucianism
Founder King Fu Tsu, Better known as Confucius (551-479 BC) born in the state of LU in china.
Founded in 500 BC
Followed in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam
Sacred Text The Analects
Sacred Places No church or temple
3. Christianity
Founder Jesus Christ (5 BC to AD 30) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth
Founded in 2000 years ago
Followed in Spread all over the world
Sacred Text Holy Bible consisting of Old Testament (before Christ) and the New Testament (during and after Christ)
Sacred Places Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached
Place of Worship Church
Important Sects Catholics and Protestants
4. Hinduism
Founder Ancient Sages
Founded in Around 1500 BC
Followed in Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago
Sacred Text The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana
Place of Worship Temple
5. Islam
Founder Prophet Mohammed (AD 570-632) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Founded in AD 622
Followed in From west coast of Africa to the Philippines which includes Tanzania, Southern part of Russia and China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of North Africa.
Sacred Text Quran (words of God), Hadis (Collection of Prophet’s saying).
Sacred Places Makkah (mecca) in Saudi Arabia
Place of Worship Masjid (mosque)
Sects Sunnis and Shias
6.Sikh
Founder Guru Nanak Dev Jee( 15 -April- 1469- 22-September- 1539) born in Rai Bhoi dee Talwandi( Nankana Sahib)
Founded in 15th century
Followed in India,Pakistan,Afganistan ,Rest of the world.
Sacred Text Guru Granth Sahib jee (words of God)
Sacred Places 5 Takat(Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib , Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Takht Sri
Hazur Sahib , Takht Sri Patna Sahi b
Place of Worship Guru Duara Sahib jee
Sects Sikh
Chief Ministers of Indian States
S. NO. Name of States Chief Minister
1 Andhra Pradesh Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy
2 Arunachal Pradesh Nabam Tuki
3 Assam Shri Tarun Gogoi
4 Bihar Shri Nitish Kumar
5 Chhattisgarh Dr. Raman Singh
6 Goa Shri Manohar Parrikar
7 Gujarat Shri Narendra Modi
8 Haryana Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda
9 Himachal Pradesh Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal
10 Jammu Kashmir Omar Abdullah
11 Jharkhand Arjun Munda
12 Karnataka Shri Jagadish Shettar
13 Kerala Shri Oommen Chandy
14 Madhya Pradesh Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan
15 Maharashtra Shri Prithviraj Chavan
16 Manipur Shri Okram Ibobi Singh
17 Meghalaya Mukul Sangma
18 Mizoram Lal Thanhawla
19 Nagaland Shri Neiphiu Rio
20 Orissa Sh. Naveen Patnaik
21 Punjab Shri Parkash Singh Badal
22 Rajasthan Shri Ashok Gehlot
23 Sikkim Shri Pawan Chamling
24 Tamil Nadu Sushree J. Jayalalithaa
25 Tripura Shri Manik Sarkar
26 Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav
27 Uttarakhand Vijay Bahuguna
28 West Bengal Km. Mamata Banerjee
Governors of Indian States
S. NO. Name of States Governor
1. Andhra Pradesh Shri. E. S. L. Narasimhan
2. Arunachal Pradesh General (Rtd.) J.J. Singh
3. Assam Shri. Janaki Ballav Pattanaik
4. Bihar Sh Devanand Konwar
5. Chhattisgarh Shri Shekhar Dutt
6. Goa Shri BV Wanchoo
7. Gujarat Dr. Kamla Beniwal
8. Haryana Shri Jagannath Pahadia
9. Himachal Pradesh Urmila Singh
10. Jammu Kashmir Sh. N. N. Vohra
11. Jharkhand Dr. Syed Ahmed
12. Karnataka Shri H R Bhardwaj
13. Kerala Shri H R Bharadwaj
14. Madhya Pradesh Ram Naresh Yadav
15. Maharashtra K. Sankaranarayanan
16. Manipur Sh. Gurbachan Jagat
17. Meghalaya Sh. Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary
18. Mizoram Shri Vakkom Purushothaman
19. Nagaland Shri Nikhil Kumar
20. Orissa Shri Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare
21. Punjab Shri Shivraj Patil
22. Rajasthan Smt. Margaret Alva
23. Sikkim Sh. Balmiki Prasad Singh
24. Tamil Nadu Konijeti Rosaiah
25. Tripura Dr. D Y Patil
26. Uttar Pradesh Shri B L Joshi
27. Uttarakhand Aziz Qureshi
28. West Bengal Shri M. K Narayanan
Chief Ministers & Governors of Indian Union Territory
S. NO. Name of States Chief Minister Governor
1. Andaman & Nicobar Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Bhopinder Singh, PVSM, AVSM
2. Chandigarh U.T. Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator)
3. New Delhi Smt Sheila Dikshit Mr. Tejendra Khanna
4. Puducherry Shri N. Rangasamy Sh. Iqbal Singh
5. Dadra and Nagar Haveli U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
6. Daman and Diu U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
7. Lakshadweep Shri B V Selvarj (Administrator) Shri Amar Nath
Distinctive Names of Some Countries & Town
Distinctive Name Country/Town/Port/River
Britain of the South New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe Belgium
City of the Golden Gate San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances Washington D.C.
City of Popes Rome
City of Seven Hills Rome
City of Skyscrapers New York
Cockpit of Europe Belgium
Dark Continent Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe Denmark
Emerald Island Ireland
Empire City New York
Eternal City Rome, Italy
Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England Kent
Gate of Tears Babel-Mandab, Jerusalem
Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland)
Great White Way Broadway (New York)
Gift of Nile Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean Aden
Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom Korea
Holy Land Palestine
Island of Cloves Madagascar (Malagasy)
The Isle of Spring Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean Gibraltar
Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes) Scotland
Land of the Golden Fleece Australia
Land of the Golden Pagoda Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos Australia
Land of Lilies Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun Norway
Land of Milk and Honey Canaan
Land of Morning Calm Korea
Land of the Rising Sun Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes Finland
Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan
Land of White Elephants Thailand
Lady of Snow Canada
Little Venice Venezuela
Never, Never Land Prairies (North Australia)
Pearl of Antilles Cuba
Playground of Europe Switzerland
Pillars of Hercules Straits of Gibraltar
First in World
1. Chairman of Peoples Republic of China - Mao-Tse-Tung
2. President of the Chinese Republic – Dr. Sun Yat Sen
3. President of U.S.A – George Washington
4. Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein
5. Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great
6. Person to reach South Pole – Amundsen
7. Person to reach North Pole – Robert Pearey
8. Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin
9. Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong
10. Lady to climb Mount Everest – Junko Taibei
11. European to visit China – Marco Polo
12. Place where atom bomb was dropped – Hiroshima
13. Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov
14. Woman cosmonaut in Space – Valentina Tereshkova
15. Woman Prime Minister of a country - Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
16. Woman President of a country - Maria Estela Peron
17. Woman to Command a Space Mission - Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
18. The first residents of International Space station - Bill Shepherd (USA),Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei
Krikalev (Russia)
19. The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest - Erik Weihenmayer(USA, May 25, 2001)
20. The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International lrine – Zubeida
Khan
21. The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date - Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
22. The first South African to become the second space tourist - Mark Shuttleworth
23. The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea - Ms. Chang Sang
24. The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess - Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
25. The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft - Felix
Baumgartner (July 2003)
26. China’s first man in space - Yang Liwei
27. The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize - Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)
28. The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record - Kiran Baloch
(Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing women’s cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in
March, 2004)
29. The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times - Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
30. The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming - Bula Chaudhury (India)
31. The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2 engine aircraft in 67 hours
- Steve Fossett (March 2005)
32. The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in Afghanistan - Habiba Sorabhi
33. The first woman of the world to swim across five continents – Bula Chaudhury (India) (April 2005)
34. The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault - Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva (Russian,
July 2005)
35. The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court Justice – Rana Bhagwan Das Took over on Sept. 2, 2005 as Acting Chief Justice
List of Bharat Award Recipient
S.No. Name of the recipient Year Their individuality
1 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1954 Indian political leader, the first and the only governor-general of independent India.
2 Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1954 Indian physicist, the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930(birth. Nov. 7, 1888, Trichinopoly [Tiruchirappalli], India; death. Nov. 21, 1970, Bengaluru),
3 Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Philosopher, scholar and statesman, president of India from 1962 to 1967
4 Dr. Bhagwan Das 1955 Independence activist, author
5 Shri Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 Independence activist, author, first prime minister of independent India (1947-64)
6 Dr. Mokshagundam Vivesvaraya 1955 Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
7 Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
8 Dr. Dhonde Keshav Karve 1958 Also known as Maharishi Karve, Indian social reformer and educator
9 Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy 1961 Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
10 Shri Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 Independence activist, educator
11 Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 First president of the Republic of India (1950-62). A lawyer-turned-journalist, also president of the Indian National Congress
12 Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
13 Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 Scholar, third President
14 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 Posthumous Award: independence activist, third Prime Minister
15 Smt. Indira Gandhi 1971 Fourth Prime Minister
16 Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1975 Trade unionist and fourth President
17 Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj 1976 Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Madras State
18 Mother Teresa, (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu)
1980 Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19 Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1983 Posthumous Award: social reformer, independence activist
20 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 First non-citizen, independence activist
21 Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran 1988 Posthumous Award: film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22 Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr 1990 Posthumous Award: architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23 Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela 1990 Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24 Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai 1991 Independence activist, fifth Prime Minister
25 Shri Rajiv Gandhi 1991 Seventh Prime Minister
26 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1991 Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Home Minister
27 Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata 1992 Industrialist and philanthropist
28 Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1992 Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Minister of Education
29 Shri Satyajit Ray 1992 Filmmaker
30 Shri (Dr.) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
1997 Aeronautical engineer, eminent defence scientist, Dr. Kalam was India's eleventh president from 2002 to 2007
31 Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 Posthumous Award: independence activist
32 Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda 1997 Independence activist, second Prime Minister
33 Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 Chidambaram Subramaniam (birth: January 30, 1910 – death: November 7, 2000) He was an Indian statesman, Freedom fighter, state minister, central minister and governor.
34Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi
1998 Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004), Also known as M.S., she was a renowned Carnatic vocalist.
35 Prof. Amartya Sen 1999 Distinguished economist and philosopher, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 for his seminal work in welfare economics
36 Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
37 Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan 1999 Posthumous Award: Indian political leader and theorist, leader of socio-political mass-movements in Gujarat and Bihar
38 Pandit Ravi Shankar 1999 Sitar player
39 Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar 2001 Legendary Indian playback singer; sang for more than 2,000 Indian films in a career spanning nearly six decades
40 Ustad Bismillah Khan 2001 (birth March 21, 1916, Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, in Dumraon, Bihar; death Aug. 21, 2006, Varanasi).
41 Pandit Bhimsen Joshi 2008 (birth. Feb. 14, 1922, Gadag, Dharwad, Karnataka), His full name is Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi.
Most Renowned Indian Awards:
Noble Prize Noble Prize are for Contributions to society
Bharat Ratna It is India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service
Pulitzer Prize Pulitzer awards are for Literacy achievement Padma Awards: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri
Padma awards are for exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants.
Gallantry Awards: Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra These awards are given for appreciating the brave and gallant
The Golden Peacock Awards It is recognised worldwide as the hallmark of corporate excellence. It builds the Brand Equity and inspires and aligns the entire workforce.
Manthan Award It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content and Creativity.
Arjun Awards Arjuna Award is given for Excellence in sports FiFi Awards The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industry's creative achievements International Gandhi Peace Prize This award is given to individuals and institutions for their contributions
towards social, economic and political revolution through non-violence and Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award is for Excellence in Public Administration, Academics and Management
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is India’s highest honour given for achievement in sports.
GREEN STAR AWARDS The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental disasters around the world.
Famous Cups and TrophiesCricket : Ashes, Anthony Demellow trophy, C.K. Naidu trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Irani Trophy, Moin-ud-dowla-Cup, Netwest Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Bria Trophy, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, etc....
Football : B.C. Roy Trophy, Bordoloi Trophy, DCM Cup, Durand Cup, G.v. Raja Memorial Trophy, Mardeka Cup, Nehru Gold cup, Rovers Cup, Santosh TrophyGolf : canada Cup, Muthiah Gold Cup, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup
Hockey : Agha Khan Cup, Alan Shah Cup, Beighten Cup, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Gyanvati Devi Trophy, Indira Gandhi Gold cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Cup, Lady Ratna Tata Cup(women), Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Rangaswami Cup
Table Tennis : Corbillion Cup (women), Jayalaxmi Cup(women), Swaythling Cup (Men), U. thant Cup
Lawn Tennis : Davis Cup, Hamlet Cup, Gaffar cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US open
Badminton : Ibrahim Rahimatulah Chalenge Cup, Thomus Cup(Men), Uber Cup (women), Narang Cup
Boxing : Aspy Adjahia TrophyRowing : Wellington TrophyBridge : Ruia TrophyPolo : Ezat Cup, Winchester CupChess : Khaitan Trophy
List of Cups And TrophiesSport: Hockey Aga khan Cup ,Begam Rasul Torphy (woman’s), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady Ratan Tata Trophy (woman’s), Gurunanak Championship (woman’s) Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc,Sport: Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy Colombo Cup, Confederation cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, Euro Cup, etc,Sport: Cricket Anthony D, Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challender Cup, C.K Naidu Trophy, Cooch – Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duldeep Trophy, Gavaskar –Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy, Hamkumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy Interface Cup, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin –ud –Dowla Cup, Net West Trophy, Prudential Cup(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, RohintonBarcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.Sport: Table Tennis Berna Bellack cup( Men), Cobillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi cup(women),Rajkumari Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men Junior),Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men) etc.Sport: Badminton Aggrawal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup
Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, Yonex Cup etc.Sport: Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, B.C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S.M. Arjuna Raja Trophy, Todd memorial Trophy, William jones Cup, Bangalore Bules Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup, Federation Cup etc.Sport: Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. etcSport: Polo Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Prithi Pal Singh Cup, RadhaMohan Cup, Winchester Cup etc.Sport: Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc.Sport: Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King’s Cup, Schneider Cup etc.Sport: Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc.Sport: Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federations Cup,Val Baker Trophy etc.Sport: Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President ‘s Trophy, Prince of wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, World Cup etc.Sport: Ches sNaidu Trophy, Khaitan Torphy , Lin Are City Trophy, World Cup etc.Sport: Horse Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.Sport: Netbal lAnantrao Pawar Trophy etc.Sport: Rugby Football Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc.Sport: Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix etc.Sport: Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, and Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc.Sport: Yatch Racing America Cup etc.
National Parks in India
1. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Madhya Pradesh)
2. Ranthambore National Park (Rajsthan)
3. Kaziranga National Park ( Assam)
4. Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)”.
5. Sundarbans National Park
6. Manas National Park (Assam)
7. Bandipur National Park ( Karnatka)
8. Sultanpur National Park ( Haryana)
9. Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal
10. Dudhwa National Park, U.P.
11. Bandipur & Nagarhole National Parks, Karnataka
12. Bhalukpong, Arunachal
13. Simplipal National Park, Orissa
14. Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
15. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, Orissa
16. Namdhapha National Park, Arunachal
17. Velvadhar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Gujarat
18. Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
19. Dachigam National Park, J&K
20. The Great Himalayan National Park, H.P.
21. Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam
22. Milroy or Pabha Sanctuary, Assam
23. Nameri National Park, Assam
24. Pin Valley National Park, H.P.
25. Hemis High Altitude National Park, J&K.
Metals found in India at Major Level
1. Aluminium is found in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh , Maharastra ,Gujarat
2. Asbestos is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka3. Coal is found in Jharkhand, West Bengal ,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh ,Orissa,
Andhra Pradesh4. Diamonds are found in Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh5. Marble is found in Rajasthan6. Mica is found is Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan7. Thorium is found in Kerala ,Tamil Nadu ,Andhra Pradesh8. Uranium is found in Kerala , Jharkhand9. Zinc is found in Rajasthan10.The reserves of lignite have been estimated as little over 37.15 billion tones as on 1
April 2005 out of which the major contributors is the lignite basins of Tamil Nadu.
Countries and their monuments
Country Name MonumentAustralia Opera House (Sydney)China The Great Wall of ChinaDenmark Kinder diskEgypt PyramidFrance Eiffel Tower (Paris)India The Taj Mahal (Agra)Italy Leaning Tower of PisaJapan Emperial PalaceMalaysia Tugu NegaraRussia Kremlin (Moscow)USA Statue of Liberty (New York)
Chief Election Commissioners of India1. Sukumar Sen: 21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958
2. Kalyan Sundaram: 20 December 1958 to 30 September 19673. S. P. Sen Verma: 1 October 1967 to 30 September 19724. Nagendra Singh: 1 October 1972 to 6 February 19735. T. Swaminathan: 7 February 1973 to 17 June 19776. S. L. Shakdhar: 18 June 1977 to 17 June 19827. R. K. Trivedi: 18 June 1982 to 31 December 19858. R. V. S. Peri Sastri: 1 January 1986 to 25 November 19909. V. S. Ramadevi: 26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990
10. T. N. Seshan: 12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996
11. M. S. Gill: 12 December 1996 to 13 June 200112. J. M. Lyngdoh: 14 June 2001 to 7 February 200413. T. S. Krishnamurthy: 8 February 2004 to 15 May 200514. B. B. Tandon: 16 May 2005 to 29 June 200615. N. Gopalaswami: 30 June 2006 to 20 April 200916. Navin Chawla: 21 April 2009 to 29 July 201017. S. Y. Quraishi: 30 July 2010 to 10 June 201218. V. S. Sampath: 10 June 2012 to incumbent
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