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Kathryn Brow, Christine Darko, Luiza Korobkova, Anthony Tran
Infant Mortality: A health disparity between African
Americans and the General Population in Massachusetts
UMass, AmherstBrandeis UniversityUMass, Boston
Kathryn Brow, Christine Darko, Luiza Korobkova, Anthony Tran
Infant Mortality: A health disparity between African
Americans and the General Population in Massachusetts
UMass, AmherstBrandeis UniversityUMass, Boston
Leading Causes of Infant Death
• Account for more than 46% of all infant deaths.
1. Low birth weight
2. Congenital malformations
3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS)
4. Maternal complications
2
WHAT IS A HEALTH DISPARITY?
Health disparities refer to differences between groups of people, these differences can affect how frequently:• a disease affects a group• how many people get sick• how often the disease cause death
3
Evidence of the Disparity
Infant Mortality Disparity between Blacks and the General Public in Massachusetts
Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Birth Report 2010
4
What causes this disparity?
• Socioeconomic status
• Education
• Health care access• Inadequacy of prenatal care• Lack of treatment for chronic diseases
which can complicate pregnancies
6
Adequacy of Prenatal Care by Race, Education and Age
Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Birth Report 2010
8
Highest Infant Mortality Rate Disparity is in
Worcester
Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2011 Perinatal Trends
9
Ways to reduce risk of Infant Mortality
• Safe sleeping practices
• Adequate prenatal care
• Health campaigns• Social Marketing• Worcester Healthy
Start Initiative• WIC
10
Mediums of Awareness Campaign• Mediums to carry messages
included:• bus ads• radio ads• church fans• posters and cards
distributed in: • clinics• daycares• agency waiting rooms• community
organizations
1111
Results (according to telephone surveys)
(Campaign 1) Awareness of IM disparities• 62% report some exposure
(Campaign 2) Proper infant sleep
position• 48.5% report some exposure
(Campaign 3) Taking action to reduce disparities • 48.9% report some exposure
12
Summary• There is a prevalent infant mortality rate disparity between African Americans and the general population.
• Though infant mortality rate in Blacks has decreased by half over the past 2 decades, the disparity persists.
• Data from recent years have shown increases in infant mortality rates for Blacks, Asians and Hispanics.
• There is an inverse correlation between prenatal care and infant mortality rates.
• Evidence has shown that awareness campaigns can greatly reduce risk of infant mortality.
13
Every child deserves a chance.
15 Since the beginning of this presentation more than 36 infants
have died….
REFERENCESDate, I. (n.d.). Bureau of Health Information, Statistics, Research, and Evaluation. Community List. Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/36959Health Disparities: MedlinePlus. (n.d.). National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Retrieved June 6, 2013, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthdisparities.htmlMacDorman, M. F., Hoyert, D. L., & Mathews, T. (2013). Recent Declines in Infant Mortality in the United States, 2005–2011. National Vital Statistics Reports, 120, 6. Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db120.pdf"Massachusetts QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau." State and County QuickFacts. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2013. <http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html>.MassCHIP. (n.d.). Mass.Gov. Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/researcher/community-health/masschip/Mathews, T. J., & MacDorman, M. F. (2013). Infant Mortality Statistics From the 2008 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set. National Vital Statistics Reports , 60(5), 1-27.Powers, D. A. (2013). Black&white differences in maternal age, maternal birth cohort, and period effects on infant mortality in the US (1983-2002). Elsevier, 42(1), 1033-1045.Rienks, J., & Oliva, G. (n.d.). Using Social Marketing to Increase Awareness of the African American Infant Mortality Disparity . Health Promotion Practice . Retrieved May 30, 2013, from http://hpp.sagepub.com/content/14/3/408
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