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Jojoba The Desert Gold
"jojoba" (pronounced "hohoba") Simmondsia chinensis, family Simmondiaceae
grows in to a big, spreading bush, gray looking,
rigid, compact in habit, about 10-12 feet inheight and width
A plant that can grow in many semi-arid regionsof the world, requires little water and
maintenance and yields a crop of seeds that havemany uses in cosmetic and industries
A desert shrub that can live more than 150 years
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Jojoba is monosexual nature i.e., existence of
separate male and female plants In a farm, ratio of 6 female plants to single
male plant is planted
Prefers coarse, light or medium textured orsandy soil
Needs very little water, withstands salinity
No chemical fertilizers are needed
Solid biofertilisers like Growmore or liquid
biofertilisers like Shoot Up and Growzyme can
increase the yield by almost twice
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Female Jojoba plants will produce beans
and the males are only used forpollination, overplanting is necessary sothat there are enough females
It takes Jojoba at least 3 years to flower.Until that time, figuring out the sex ofthe Jojoba plant is not known
After the plant has flowered and sex is
figured out, the extra males areremoved and at least another 2 years arerequired before the females will produce
beans
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Flower and seeds
Female Flower Male Flower
Seeds
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Five years is a long time to wait for theplants to produce beans, especially when
demand for the oil is so heavy andsupply is so low
It is believed to live for at least 100
years. It also appears that after the plantstarts to produce, it will produce largerquantities of beans each year as it growslarger
Long Term Benefits
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Jojoba Oil The oil is crushed from peanut-sized seeds
that are produced from plantations ofhedge-row grown shrubs
Researchers have proved that this oil isvirtually identical or in some respects superiorto whale oil
Jojoba seeds contains 45 to 55 per cent oil orliquid wax, with chemical properties similar tothose of the body fat obtained from spermwhale
Jojoba oil is also a replacement for spermwhale oil
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Jojoba oil Jojoba Oil is a liquid wax, as opposed to
other vegetable oils which are
triglycerides The molecular structure of this oil is very
tough therefore it is stable even at high
temperatures and pressures unlike mostof other lubricants It does not turn rancid
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The cosmetics and skin-care industry buys 90%of present production, using the oil in its
natural form or modified to a cream or wax The market for pure filtered oil for use as a
skin moisturiser is expanding rapidly The remaining 10% of production, coming
from second pressings of seed and solvent-extracted oil, has use in the sulfonated formas an additive in special lubricants
Current production of jojoba oil is far too
small to be of interest to the large oilcompanies but smaller specialist lubricantcompanies are keen to use it
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Jojoba plant oil qualities
It has no fishy odour.
The crude oil contains no steering and requires
little or no treatment for industrial usage. It takes up large amount of sulphur.
It does not darken on sulpharisation.
The highly sulpharised oil is liquid, whereas spermwhale oil when sulpharised requires addition of
mineral oil to remain liquid.
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As an Alternative fuel
Because it releases a lot of energy when it burns and
is chemically stable at the high temperatures and
pressures in a working engine Because it contains less carbon than diesel, so there
are lower emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide and soot
Use of jojoba as a fuel needs huge quantities of seeds,
which needs large investment, probably by the
government or private sector
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Farmers in Egypt are already planting
jojoba shrubs with the idea of providing
the oil for fuel Government Incentives - Subsidy on
growing of Jojoba in India
http://www.ajorp.com/incentives.htm
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Cultivation in India
In India, some parts of Kutch in Gujarat andJodhpur in Rajasthan intensive cultivation of
Jojoba is being done Gujarat State Rural Development Corporation
Ltd (GSRDC) has undertaken commercialcultivation of Jojoba at its Munjpur farm inSami Taluka of Patan district. For almost oneyear GSRDC is cultivating Jojoba plantationson its 50-hectare farm in Munjpur plot
commercially
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Rajasthan government has allotted 110 hectare
of wastelands including 70 hectare at Fatehpur inSikar district and 40 hectare at Dhand in Jaipur
district for jojoba plantation.
Jojoba plantation project was formulated in1995 for a period of five years.
Jojoba in the country is now being grown in an
estimated area of about 335 hectare and the area
is increasing every year. The production estimatefor this plantation is 25 million tonne. About 90
per cent of the jojoba cultivation is in Rajasthan.
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The rest is in Pune in Maharashtra, Gujarat and
Tamil Nadu The cost of production of Jajoba depending on
land availablity, irrigation facility including tubewell has varied from Rs 15,000 to Rs one lakh
for a period of first four years The cost-benefit ratio is 1:3.4. The cost of
production of one kg of jojoba in US is Rs 132,in Israel it is Rs 68 and in India it is Rs 20. This
low cost of production in the country gives it acompetitive edge
AJORP has bought two tonnes of Jojoba seedsfrom farmers cultivating in 150 hectares
Rajasthan at the rate of Rs 125 per kg
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Indian Institute of Petroleum,
DehradunHas developed process, products and formulations Two stroke engine oil
Sulphurisation of Jojoba oil for extreme pressureadditives
Industrial gear oil formulations using sulphurisedJojoba oil of
- low sulphur content.
- high sulphur content. Catalytic hydrogenation of Jojoba oil for Jojoba
wax
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PILOT PROJECTS UNDER
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Standardization of vegetative
propagation of jojoba CAZRI Jodhpur
(1994-1997) Jojoba plantation and research project,
AJORP Jaipur (2000-2005)
Study of jojoba seeds and oil from Indianlocations for quality and other aspects,IIP Dehradun, UP
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Environment Friendly
Jojoba is eco-friendly or environmentfriendly
Deep root system makes it as soilstabiliser
Can be planted to beautify the landscape
or on highway and roadside in greenbelts around the desert towns of Rannof Kutch
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Thank You
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