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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
CHAPTER 10
Life Span Development II
PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Lecture Overview
Moral Development Personality Development Meeting the Challenges of Ad
ulthood Grief & Death
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Moral Development
Kohlberg developed a model of moral development (right & wrong) based on responses to moral dilemmas.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Three Levels & Six Stages
PRECONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 1: punishment-obedience orientationStage 2: instrumental-exchange orientationCONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 3: good child orientationStage 4: law-&-order orientationPOSTCONVENTIONAL LEVELStage 5: social-contract orientationStage 6: universal ethics orientation
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Personality Development: Thomas & Chess’s Temperament Theory
Temperament: Basic, inborn disposition
• Three temperament styles:
• Easy
• Difficult
• Slow-To-Warm-Up
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & Reflect:
Assessment
1. George would like to wear two earrings & a black leather studded jacket, but he is worried about others’ disapproval. He is most likely at Kohlberg’s _____ level of moral development.
2. An infant’s inborn basic disposition is known as his or her _____.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Personality Development: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages
• Erik Erikson identified 8 psychosocial stages of development—each marked by a “psychosocial” crisis or conflict related to a specific developmental task.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 1-4
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 5-8
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & Reflect:
Assessment
Can you name Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development & give the approximate age for each stage?
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Answers to Previous Slide: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages
• Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)• Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3 years)• Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)• Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years) • Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)• Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)• Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)• Ego Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & Reflect:
Critical Thinking
Have you successfully resolved the developmental crisis associated with your current Eriksonian stage of life? Are there earlier stages that you believe you have not have resolved successfully? If so, how has this affected your personal or social relationships?
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Cultural Influences on Development
Individualistic Cultures: emphasize individual’s personal needs & goals over those of the group
Collectivistic Cultures: emphasize the needs & goals of the group over the individual
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Worldwide Ranking of Cultures
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
The “Self” in Individualistic (left figure) & Collectivistic Cultures (right figure)
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & Reflect:
Critical Thinking
Which cultural values, individualist or collectivist, do you find most appealing & valuable? Why?
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Marriage
Research shows good marriages:• Establish “love maps”• Share power & provide mutual support• Practice conflict management• Share similar values, beliefs, interests, etc.• Create a supportive social environment• Maintain a positive emphasis
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Families
Important family factors
in development: Violence/abuse Teen
pregnancy/ parenting
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Resiliency
Resiliency: Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threat
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & ReflectPsychology at Work
Work & Retirement How can we find a great career that matches our unique personalities & interests, and fully enjoy retirement?
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Work & Retirement
Retirement Should we follow the activity, disengagement, or socioemotional selectivity theory?
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Grief & Death
Grief is a natural reaction to loss. Four major stages:
1. Numbness
2. Yearning
3. Disorganization/Despair
4. Resolution
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Grief & Death
Cultures interpret & respond to death differently.
Different ages also interpret & respond to death according to:
• Permanence• Universality• Nonfunctionality
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Grief & Death (Continued)
Kübler-Ross developed a five stage theory of the psychological processes surrounding death:
• Denial (“It can’t be true!”)• Anger (“Why me? It’s not fair!”) • Bargaining (“I’ll change everything!”)• Depression (“I’ve lost everything.”)• Acceptance (“I know my time is near.”)
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
Pause & Reflect:
Assessment
1. Different ages interpret & respond to death according to _____, _____, & _____.
2. Give a brief example of a dying person’s response during each of Kübler-Ross’s five stage theory of death.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010
End of CHAPTER 10
Life Span Development II
PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation
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