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studio airJournal
NAME: JIANGLING LIAO
SEMESTER ONE, 2016 TUTOR: SONYA PARTON
UNIT: 8
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CONTENTS PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION
A0. INTROUDUCTION A1. DESIGN FUTURING A2. DESIGN COMPUTATION A3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION A4. CONCLUSION A5. LEARNING OUTCOMES APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK REFERENCE LIST
4
I NTRODUCTION NAME: JIANGLING LIAO
STUDENT NUMBER: 683672 COURSE: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS MAJOR: ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTION: UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
I grew in an Architecture family. My parents were
the project manager and electric welder in the
biggest China construction company, China
State Construction Engineering Corporation. As a
result, I spent the most of my school holiday in the
builders' temporary sheds in all parts of the China.
I witness the erections of varieties of buildings and
urbanization of the China. Since I immigrant with
the change of the construction site locations from
one city to another. I frequently observed the
negotiations between my parents and builders,
architects, mater ial suppl iers and investors.
Architects occupied a significant position in the
symposiums since they are creators. A n architecture
seed was planted in my childhood mind.
As for the digital design, my experience starts
from the Rhino Workshop at the middle of 2014
in Shenzhen. Since I purely have no background
of hand drawing. Computing design plays an
important role in expressing ideas and forming
concepts for me. I was surprised by this 3D Modeling
tools, since it can shape infinite forms whatever
and whenever you think. I use Rhino in my previous
two Studio: Earth and Water. My works emphasis
on giving the clients unique experience and fickle
emotions by creating transformable and sensible
space.
Digital Design and Fabrication lead my into a further
thinkings of computing design by designing an
object that accurately fit the body, expressing the
emotion change and defining the personal space.
Measuring the body in order to customize the object
that fit body reminded me the term of parametric.
The design purpose inspired me that Parametric
Design is not only about making output fancy but
acting as a tool that can be controlled by designer
to solve problems that are hard to be solved by
traditional methods. This subject drops me into a
really excited journey of parametric design.
I attended the 2015 parametric design workshop
in Tsinghua University and 2015 AA summer school
in Shanghai. I trying to using parametric design
method to find out a new weaving way which can
be used to braided arbitrarily shapes with Tsinghua
students. And practically design a future master
plan for Shanghai French Concession by analyzing
the history of the site and applying different building
topologies in Shanghai with the multiple criterial for
future.
Architectural Design Studio: Air is the first subject I will
participate in, which focus on the field of parametric
design. I wish that I can learn an integrated process
of parametric design and fabrication skills from this
subject.
5
Figure 3- ‘Micro-behaviours’, Second Skin design for ‘Digital Design and Fabrication’ subject, 2015
Figure 2- ‘Weaving arbitrarily geometry’, Digital Design for Tsinghua University Parametric Design Workshop, 2015
Figure 1- ‘Customized City’, Digital Urban Design for Shanghai AA Visting School, 2015
6
DESIGH FUTURING
A1.
"Not in trying to predict the future but
in using design to open up all sorts
of possibilities that can be discussed,
debated, and used to collectively define
a preferable future for a given group of
people: from companies, to cities, to
societies."1
1. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45
7
DESIGH FUTURING
8
Changing the life pattern to challednge the likly super-
high desity urban in the future. The project considers
the problem of sprawl in cities and gives a typological
alternative: “the high-density vertical village”. By
reorienting the streets vertically, nine interconnected
residential towers redistribute the urban fabric to
cohere disparate neighborhoods into a vertical village
with public spaces and gardens in the sky according
. Connective corridors weave circulation between
towers to foster a sense of community among residents
and activate the towers as a “bustling village” within
the city. Formally, the high-rise tower is a statement of
power and social context. Cloud Corridor reconsiders
modernism’s residential tower typology and folds in
the design philosophy that residential building should
respond to nature and emphasize the environment.2
1.Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45
2.Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
3.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
4.Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
C ASE STUDY 01 Project: Cloud Corridor
Architect: Yansong Ma Location: Los Angeles, USA Date:2015
01 Urban Density
This attampt really reforces the isuue of sustanable
future. Acted as an urban landmark,this project shows
the passion to nature. Each floor-plate contain gardens
to associate with residential units. The garden patios
and courtyards provide a unique environment within
the surrounding urban density4, and provide a retreat
from the everyday among nature. Elevated corridors
and multi-level garden patios shape the city skyline
and provide viewing platforms for residents to overlook
the busy activity below and the natural landscape
beyond1.
02 Vertical gradens
Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s speculated
site sits above a forthcoming Metro station and
provides an opportunity to propel nature into the
everyday life of the city. Cloud Corridor’s podium
dually serves as a public park and as a transportation
hub, providing the site for activity after museum hours.
The sculpted podium is covered with a grass lawn and
punctuated by trees; the transformation of its massing
suggest the image of rolling hills. Simultaneously, the
podium lifts away from the ground to reveal both a
private-access lobby for tower residents and entry for
Metro Station patrons3. Merging infrastructure with
nature, Cloud Corridor’s podium blurs the boundary
between urban landscape and natural scenery2.
03 Podium park
This project is a competition work and has not been
built, which can be considered as an experimental
attempt that towards to the future. Critically, it may
lack of considering for the construction phase. But it
still gives us some possibilities1 and alternative solutions
to the urban development. Dealing with the limitation
of the urban land by changing the urban fabric
and change life pattern from horizontal to vertical.
The social and residential activities will happens in
3 dimensional axis of the cities.In a result, a mass
of space will be exploit. To order to deal with the
shortages of the urban green land. Vertical garden also
hired by the architect, this design is trying to give us the
more sustainable solutions for the urban space in the
future. The idea of using Podium as the park maintains
the theory of democratic design. Since the people
have greater power in deciding the environment what
they wish to live. The podium park offers a mass of
possible functions for people to choose.
9
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/
10
C ASE STUDY 02 Project: Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities
Architect: Vincent Callebaut Location: Roma, Italy Date:2015
urban ecosystem borns from the existing infrastructure,
responding to the site’s past as well as making it
livable for today’s occupants. The empty shells of its
industrial history are fitted with updated amenities,
transforming the buildings into diverse lofts. Similarly,
the existing paths are made into a usable network
through the insertion of public areas organized on a
grid, systematizing the layout of the entire site2.
In order to maintain the balance between public
space and private rooms, the city compartmentalizes
its functions. Although both the residential and
commercial activities define the perimeter of the site,
the residences maintain their intimacy by their distance
from the commercial activities, occupying opposing
sides and sitting back from the main street for ensured
privacy. Each of the buildings explores the notion of
public-private through the rooftop orchards, which
provide an element of seclusion even within the public
spaces. The extensive use of trees on the rooftops and
balconies not only beautifies the district, but represents
self-sufficiency. These gardens provide residents with
self-renewing sources of food. Additionally, they are
also play an important role in the aspects of CO2
filtration and harmful particulate removal3.
Natural daylighting , rainwater retention and recycling
system, have signif icant impacts on preserving
resources. Other sustainable strides are made through
photovoltaic electricity production, a hybridized
lighting system with integrated wind turbines, and hot
water production through solar tubes.
Additionally, the urban ecosystem is unique. The
functional zone is accessible by walk4. All cars are
kept outside the living space to mitigate the harmful
emissions.Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s
speculated site sits above a forthcoming Metro station
and provides an opportunity to propel nature into the
everyday life of the city.
1.Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford:
Berg), pp. 1–16
2.Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut
Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
3.Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining
Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
4.Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former
military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www.
inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
This master plan designed by the Vincent Callebaut
Architectures is the winners of a international planing
architectural competition. This plan provides a Self-
Sustaining Cities system for Italy, which bounds the
historical continuity with the sustainability. The project
trying to reuse a forgotten military district and gives it
new energy. Design future need to fill the gap between
current situation and the changes in political, social
and economic field.1 With the consideration of present
situation and environments of the military district, the
11
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities
12
DESIGH COMPUTATIONA2.
"Parametric design as a facility for the control of topological relationships enables the creation and modulation o f the differentiation o f the elements o f a design. The capability to create and modulate differentiation in various scales such as the gradation of elements in building facades or in urban schemes has begun to be exploited as a characteristic enabling facility of parametric design."1
Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
13
DESIGH COMPUTATION
14
C ASE STUDY 01 Project: Shanghai Tower
Architect: Gensler Location: Shanghai, China Date: 2014
Shanghai Tower is organized as nine cylindrical
buildings stacked one atop the other. The inner layer
of the double-skin façade encloses the stacked
buildings, while the exterior façade creates the
building envelope, which rotates 120 degrees as it
rises and gives Shanghai Tower its distinctive, curving
appearance. The spaces between the two façade
layers create nine atrium sky gardens1.
Computational design plays a significant role in the
process of the form finding of the Shanghai Tower.
Since Shanghai Tower is the second highest building
in the World in the design time. The skyscraper usually
facing the wind loads problem. The engineer doing
the wind tunnel experiment and extract the data. The
computational design software offer 6 best alternative
solutions for architect by using these data and working
with the local climate in Shanghai3. This process may
be hared to achieve by the traditional design method.
However, in order to maintain the design concept. The
final design form still chosen by the architect manually.
The computational design helps architect easily refined
the tower’s form, which reduced building wind loads
by 24 percent. The result is a lighter structure that saved
$58 million in costly materials2.
In addition, the computational method is not only
affect the design phase but also the construction
phase. The Outer Skin. Constructing a complex building
shape that had never before been conceived required
the most innovative tools. Designed with 20,000 +
curtain wall panels—including more than 7,000 unique
shapes2—the façade would have been challenging
to envision using traditional computer-aided design
tools. With parametric software, however, Gensler was
able to create a system that balances performance,
constructability, maintenance and design. Precise
tolerances were achieved by placing lasers on the site
to take measurements.
Futhernmore, the construction company engaged
the project earlier than the traditional project. The
construction company work well with the architect and
engineer through the BIM Modeling and construction
tools. The building was pre-constructed before the
construction work happens in reality. During the pre-
constructed process, there are a mass of error and
joint problem were found by the software and then
overcome by the computer. This correction helps the
investor save a lot in the construction phase. The BIM
also applied to the site to achieve “no paper work”,
each element and schedule become clearer that the
CAD ages. In the result, Shanghai tower is accurately
complete in the estimated time.
1.Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
2.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
3.Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.
Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-s-second-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower
15
Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-s-second-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower
16
C ASE STUDY 02 Project: Guangzhou Opera House
Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Location: Guangzhou, China Date: 2010
Computational design helps architect to establish
their own brand. Since the core of the computational
design is to set the rule for the computer and extract
the results provided by the computer. As a result, the
rule and the selection become the two most important
steps. However, the rule and selection methods is
effected by the architects themselves. Every architect
has his own style and logic. Zaha Hadid is significant
example. People always can easily recognized her
own style through her projects with the linear and
smooth form in a relatively large scale.
The form of the Guangzhou Opera House is organic.
The form is followed by the concept and is achieved
by the parametric design. Guangzhou opera House is
shaped from the concepts of natural landscape and
fascinating interplay between architecture and nature,
engaging with the principle of erosion, geology and
topography. The Guangzhou Opera House has been
particularly influenced by river valleys and the way in
which they are transformed by erosion1. This organic
form would be difficult to achieve by the traditional
forming process, since the facade of the building is
continues and shaped according to the input data.
The traditional forming process is impossible to achieve
the variety in the every angle of the building. The
computation process is much easier helps architects
to find a more nature form. The shape of two stones for
Guangzhou Opera House. It is therefore, computational
design can transform site analysis datas even the local
cultural datas into architectural languages and create
the better solutions.
However, computational design also likely to create the
building that out of the control in both architecturally
and constructionally. In the architecturally thinkings,
the large scale of the building form may not really
suitable for the local conditions. The similar rules create
the similar building s may caused the fact that the
architecture industry is loosing their function of cultural
symbolization. The buildings create by the similar rule
would be homogenous. As a result, the creatively
thinking still required in the process of the computation.
In terms of construction, the irregular form massively
increase the construction load. The engineer and
architect need to locate, separate and optimized the
facade panel into relatively similar size and standard.
The work load is huge and the result is not that excited.
Most of the panel needed to be precast by the CNC
in the factory individually and then transferred to the
site2. This requires the higher standard ability for both
architects and the construction groups. It cost a lot in
the process of the customizing manufacturing and
building materials.
However, the building performance is better off from
the computation. In order to achieve the prefect
sound in the theater. The specialist in acoustics is
invited to the project and engage with the architect to
set the rule3. The acoustic panel is customized with the
acoustic theory. The dimension and the location of the
hole in each panel is various and precast by the laser
machines in the factory.
1.Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www.architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
2.Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
3.Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]
17
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects
Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects
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COMPOSITION/GENERATION
A3.
"The processing of information and interactions between elements which
constitute a specific environment; it provides a framework for negotiating
and influencing the interrelation of datasets of information, with the capacity to generate complex order, form, and structure."
1
1.Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
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COMPOSITION/GENERATION
20
C ASE STUDY 01 Project: Beijing national Aquatics Center : Water Cube
Architects: PTW Architects, CSCEC, CCDI and Arup Location: Beijing, China Date: 2004
For centuries architects have begun the design
process by sketching concepts and geometric forms.
The designer puts stick to dirt, pen to paper or mouse
to mousepad. But this centuries old notion of how
to begin the design process is changing. Architects
are using the process with scripts, algorithms and
simulations. They feed detailed project data and
requirements into these programs and are fed
back multiple design iterations optimized to meet
these requirements. This process has been called
“computational design” and “generative design”1,
The Water Cube's soap bubble-like structure is an
example of this approach. Computational design
helps a lot in this process. Rather than using multiple
versions to decide what is best based on comparison,
architects can instead use compuing power to find
structural solutions that are self-organizing; that is, not
decided on by an individual but arrived at by genetic
algorithms that iteratively apply relatively simple rules.
Design groups calculate that the most efficient way
to divide a space into cells of equal volume while
minimizing the surface area between them was to use
a stacked arrangement composed of 75% 14-sided
shapes and 25% 12-sided shapes2.
But since the resulting structure would have 22,000 steel
members connected at 12,000 nodes2, generating
an actual model based on the idea exceeded the
reach of conventional design.This is the type of time-
consuming computational work that is ideally suited
to a computer. Arup wrote parametric software
that automated the drawing and analysis process.
Based on specified design constraints and less than
190 loading scenarios, the algorithm iteratively
checked the distribution of forces through the entire
structure based on specific member sizes, allowing
the team to test different design configurations and
receive feedback within 25 minutes3. The result was
a spectacular building with a sophisticated structure
that is optimized in terms of material weight-to-strength
ratio, and it was achieved with relative ease.
In addition to the structural advantages, Arup
estimated that it saved $10 million on design costs
alone compared with traditional design methods3.
However computation is not the perfect solution for
the architecture industry. Since the process of selecting
one of these alternatives to design a highly functional
and beautiful corporate building that reflects the
client’s aesthetic, cultural and corporate values
cannot be replaced by computer. Human beings is
ideally suitable for this.
Furthermore, computational design isn’t a death of
CAD or death of composition design moment. The
data and design parameters generated by these
algorithms aren’t meant to replace a 3D model or
floorplan. Instead they are an upstream process that
will inform those models and floorplans. Architects
spend much of their time collaborating with clients,
finding mutually agreeable solutions and making
qualitative decisions – all tasks that humans tend to do
better than computers.
1.Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
2.Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed
15 March 2016]
3.Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi.cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
21
Image source: http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948
Image source: http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948
Image source: http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948
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C ASE STUDY 02 Project: Pavilion for One Summer
Architects: Students at the University of Innsbruck Location: Austria Date: 2013
Computational design has revolution changes the
recognition of the architecture. In the composition
architecture forming system, we recognized the
object under the system of “rational geometry”,
such as cylinder, diamonds, sphere and etc.. This
logic shapes our imagination and recognition about
the architectures. The buildings should look like the
building. This traditional mode of thinkings are result
from the functionalist. The architecture has its own
orders and the arrangement of the a building is the
result of the functional distribution3. The creativity in the
traditional composition mode design is deconstruction
and geometry form changes.
H o w e v e r, t h e b a s i c d e s i g n e l e m e n t s i n t h e
computational design process is computer script
rather than geometry. The computer scripts create
the irregular form that hard to be described by the
traditional geometry under the composition system.
They are Nurb surface, Nurb curves and the points2.
Parametricism creates a new style of building form,
which give us a new way to explode the world through
scripts rather than through geometry. In other words,
architects set the scripts for computer, through the
mass of computer calculation, the various of forms with
the mathematic logic are generated automatically.
In the our physical nature world, most of the object
are irregular. They are formed by the nature principles.
They are generated by the very simple rule but
achieve in a mass quantities and large scale. The
complex geometry always achieved by the simple
rule according to Frank Wright3. He also raised that the
most rational design is the most organic design that
followed the order of the nature.
Computational design provide a better solution
to analysis and simulate the nature and make the
architecture become organic. The forms of sand dune,
water drop and stone can be analysis and understand
by the architects and then using the computational
method to create. Not only the rule of the nature can
be used as the script for computational design but also
the rule that discovered by multiple-disciplines, such
as engineering, biology. The more various, rational,
harmony forms can be created. This is called “the
second nature”. The architects can test more efficient
form without the reference to the history and the
experiences.
The Sea Urchin Skeletons Pavilion is an appropriate
example for this argument.The organic shape of the
pavilion resembles the structure of a sea urchin, whose
superior anatomy and structure have inspired the
creation of numerous parametric designs over the
years. In the case of this wooden pavilion, the cellular
structure of the sea urchin skeleton was translated into
a shape made out of 30 D-forms with circular openings.
The D-forms were arranged in a voronoi-pattern and
intersected to create the final design1.
The structural efficiency optimization was applied to
this project to optimize the structural of the pavilion
created by the natural rule, in order to save the
material usage.
1.Lidija Grozdanic, ‘Wooden ‘Pavilion for One Summer’ in Austria is Modeled After Sea Urchin Skeletons', in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 18 March 2016] 2.Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/> [accessed 18 March 2016] 3.Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016]
23
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
24
CONCLUSION
A4.
Part A Journal discuss a process of the changing in the architectural industry. Computat ional design opens a new sustainable design future for al l the architects and changes the way we discover the world. Moving from the geometry base to script base considerations. Computational design provides us boarder possibi l ity and increase the building performance. But it still cause problem on the constriction p h a s e . T h e p r o j e c t r e q u i r e s customized materials and higher manufacturing skills. Since the result of the computational design is hard to be estimated, the design concept is relatively difficult to achieve by the computational design. This requires advanced level of the control ability and the experience of architects.
I intend to not only problem solving but also creating a new order and rule for Merri Creek community in term of create a sustainable future. The investigation of the Merri Creek ecosystem i s s ign i f icant for my design. This included the vegetation and animal types and theirs living conditions. I tying to promote the communication between the nature and human but not damage the habitats for animals and vegetations.
The animal l ifecycle and human footprint would be transformed to my input data. I trying to find simple rule that can deal with this complex problem. Let them intersect but not swallow each others.
25
26
L EARNING OUTCOMES
A5.
The readings and lectures give me a brand new thinking of the design process. I recognize all the project that did with the Grasshopper was computational design before I took this subject. But I have a clearer definition about computerization and computation. Computational design gives us a new way to define our world. To create the form with the rule that set by the architect. The parameter can control and change the form in a given range. The design is not start from the geometry and composition but the computer script and the mathematic logic behind the script.
Computational design provide me infinite possibility. The design can start from any disciplines and achieve the mass of result that cannot be estimated. The result than can be optimized by the analysis script. Computational design have the mass calculation ability and give you the most accurate and suitable result according to result. Computational design effect the design process from every phase included form f inding, bui lding performance increasing and the construction managing. Howev e r , I a l s o no t i c ed t h a t t h e computational design in some aspect is really dangerous. The design is likely to occur formalism. In this situation, I should
pay more attention on the connection between the script and my design concept. Use the grasshopper as a tool to generate the form for me. And select the most appropriate solution according to the concept manually by myself.
Fabrication is another issue about the crisis of the computational design. Instead of forming complex and unachievable geometry, I will trying to extract the basic rule from nature. The organic shape will be create by the simple rule. Always take the fabrication into consideration during the modeling phase. The optimization of the form according to the manufactural requirement is significant necessary.
To rethink of my previous works. I find that I was doing both composition design and computational design. For the function and space focus design I used the compositional design that can think every space carefully. The form is followed by the function requirements. As for the large scale urban design and the design that emphasis on the local environment. The computational design probably offer me a better solution by applying the topology locally.
272
ALGORITHMICSKETCHES
A6.
28
REFERENCE LIST
Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45
Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16
Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi.cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/> [accessed 18 March 2016]
Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016].
Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www.architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
29
REFERENCE LIST
Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
Lidija Grozdanic, ‘Wooden ‘Pavilion for One Summer’ in Austria is Modeled After Sea Urchin Skeletons', in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 18 March 2016]
Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016]
Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.
Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]
30
C RITERIA DESIGN
PART B
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P ATTERN
B1.Patterns have been covering architectural surfaces since times immemorial. The human body was perhaps the first surface that received designed patterns. Architectural patterns thus have a broad and deep lineage. With such a widespread practice one should not expect a well-defined, unitary function. As practices evolve they acquire new functions and loose their prior functions, or new functions are superimposed upon older functions. Patterns might serve purposes of decorative enhancement, feature accentuation, camouflaging, totemic identification, semiotic differentiation, or any combination of those.
The notion of pattern formation took production and life conditions by storm at the beginning of the twentieth century, and raised fundamental questions regarding the ornament. Later, around the middle of the century, the autonomy of pattern concepts intensified the call for ornament as a meaningful metaphor. Consequently, architectural criticism that was inspired not least by critical theory no longer primarily focused on a social reality in which everything, previously expressed by ornament, had lost its “symbolic and functional meaning” because mechanical or industrial production methods superseded the traditional relationship between skilled work and ornament. On the contrary: ornament, which was so effectively “ousted” by the paradigm of modern design in the abstraction of material and color, structure, now epitomizes precisely the loss of
meaning diagnosed in light of postwar aberrations in architecture and urban planning.
Islamic buildings are often decorated with geometric patterns which typically make use of several mathematical tessellations, formed of ceramic tiles (girih, zellige) that may themselves be plain or decorated with stripes. Symmetries such as stars with six, eight, or multiples of eight points are used in Islamic patterns. An eight-pointed star made of two squares, one rotated 45 degrees from the other on the same centre.
The modernist strictures against ornament/d e c o r a t i o n w e r e f i r s t c h a l l e n g e d i n Postmodernism. Although historical motifs were brought back in a mode of playful eclecticism there was no engagement with systematic a r t i cu la tory patterning. Notwi thstanding minimalisms historical fallacy, it was from within minimalism that the return to patterns, and the attendant new embrace of ornament, was initiated during the 1990s. The seminal project in this respect was Herzog & de Meuron’s 1993 Ricola Storage Building in Mulhouse-Brunstatt, France. The introduction of different surface effects, like different material textures, had already happened within the later phases of modernism. Now artificial, quasi-graphic techniques of surface treatment and surface patterning were deployed.
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Towards the end of the 1990s new possibilities of patterning were discovered by applying the technique of texture mapping onto the warped nurb surfaces. Built projects achieved these effects by projecting video images onto curvelinear surfaces, or by embedding digital display systems within the surfaces. The technique of texture mapping has since been replaced by scripting and mapping only survives as an initial short-cut to test or illustrate effects that are then to be implemented by scripts. Early examples of nurb surface articulations that were not just arbitrary mappings or projections emerged with the introduction of CNC milling. To insure perfect fit each instantiation is parametrically adapted to its unique position on the host-surface. The result might be called a parametric pattern. However, in this classical set up the curvature variation of the surface provides the data-set that drives the parametric adaptation of the component with the aim of keeping the pattern as even and homogenous as possible. The aim is to maintain component identity by compensating for the underlying surface differentiation.
Parametricism transforms the technique of parametric pattern design into a new and powerful register of articulation. The crucial move that inaugurates parametricist patterning is the move from adaptive compensation to the amplification of differences. The underlying surface variability is utilized as a data-set that can drive a much more radical pattern differentiation. The underlying surface differentiation is thus amplified and made much more conspicuous. A strong emphasis on conspicuous differentiation is one of the hallmarks of parametricism. Differentiation might also be introduced willfully, by “painting” the surface with any pattern or image that then becomes the data-set to drive component differentiation.
Correlates might further include the apertures that are set into the surface. Patterns might accentuate apertures. A surface might be made
to correlate with the furnishings within a space. The expected pattern of occupation might also be utilized as data-set driving a corresponding surface differentiation. A sophisticated set up should be able to cater for multiple data-sets simultaneously. Another powerful opportunity is the adaptive differentiation of facades with respect to environmental parameters that strongly vary with the orientation of the surface. Here functional and formal variation go hand in hand. The gradual variation of sunlight intensity on a curved surface translates here into a gradient transformation of the component formation. Within parametricism such functional exigencies are heightened into an artistic concept.
Ned kahn wind vei l is a great example to demonstrated the weathering correlates patterning design. A 260’ long by 6-story tall facade of a new parking garage in Charlotte, North Carolina was covered with 80,000 small aluminum panels that are hinged to move freely in the wind. Viewed from the outside, the entire wall of the building appears to move in the wind and creates the impression of waves in a field of metallic grass. Inside the building, intricate patterns of light and shadow, similar to the way light filters through the leaves of trees, are projected onto the walls and floor as sunlight passes through this kinetic membrane. In addition to revealing the ever-changing patterns of the invisible wind, the artwork was designed to provide ventilation and shade for the interior of the parking garage.
The differentiation of the patterns challenges the fabrication phases a lot. The complex patterns always divided into small species in order to satisfy the requirements of the industrial fabrication, transportation and assembling. Each individuals small species is always various from each other. The optimization is necessary and useful. Classify the panels with the similarity and optimized them into standard size is conducive for the construction speed and cost.
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Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
36
cASE STUDY 1.0
B2.Herzog & De Meuron is a famous architecture firm that using the computational technology as the design tools. The Patterning are mainly applied to the facade of their designs. De Young Museum is an appropriate example to demonstrated the computational related design. The facades are created by the three different layers of copper with three different simulations patterns to create unique, sensible and nature space.The copper wall would slowly become green due to oxidation and therefore fade into its natural surroundings. The facade is also textured to represent light filtering through a tree.
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Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
38
ITERATIONS
Polygen Variation
Image Sampler
Polygen Variation
Polygen Variation
Polygen Variation
Image Sampler
Image Sampler
Image Sampler
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Polygen Variation
Polygen Variation
Polygen Variation
Polygen Variation
Image Sampler
Image Sampler
Image Sampler
Image Sampler
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Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Radius Variation Radius Variation
Radius Variation Radius Variation
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Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Extrusion Variation
Radius Variation
Radius Variation
Radius Variation
Radius Variation
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SUCCESSFUL SPECIES
AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Extrusion: Graft
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AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Shelter
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AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Contrast Urban Life
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AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Ecolife
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SELECTION CRITERIA
Aesthetic: Do patterns create attractive forms and sense that encourage human get involve? —- Human involvementsPanel: Do the surface of the patterns allows human walk, lie, climb?— comfort and various usageHabitation: Do the structure of the patterns allow animals pass through, play with even live in? —- Optimize the human made wetlands.Structure: DO the structure can self support? In order to decrease the material usage for substructure to protect the wetlands.—- Environmental friendly.
Extrusion graft:
Randomly offsetNature is purity, random grow but have it own rulesPlatforms floating in the air give the chance for bird nestUpper part: Solid tree branchBottom part: soft, smooth, simulate water waveMiddle part: sense of walking inside the forest—Peaceful, mystery
Shelter:
Pattern Overlay and rotate to form the shelterCone— Plant Grass, flowersventilationSkylight with customized shadowBird NestHabitations—Under water
Contrast Urban Life:
strong sense of modern lifeReinforcement, sharp, complexbring the urban life to the nature siteMeditationGentle slop pipe — people can walk
Ecolife:
HierarchyDifferent hight patches for animals and human beings
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cASE STUDY 2.0
B3.Technically acting as a sunscreen and weather barrier the curved facade is fully glazed and combines the curtain wall glazing with horizontal lamellas and vertical glass fins. The position and size of each of the facade elements are derived from a twised frame system, which is ralated to the interior organisation of the building. The concave front of the building displays different fluent forms when seen from varying distances and directs the visual field of the customers traveling on the spiraling escalators. Edge-lighting for the vertical glass fins spreads soft colours onto the facade by night. The lighting intensity and colour effects are digitally controlled and choreographed adding another layer of fludity to the building's skin.
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Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
Image source: http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/
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REVERSE ENGINEER
Extruded Contour Works (Cantilever) Offseted Twist surfaces
51Offseted Twist surfaces Boolearnintersect and Extrude
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REVERSE ENGINEER Project: Star Place
Architect: UN Studio Location: Taipei, Taiwan Date: 2008
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TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
B4.
Curves Distraction Curves Distraction Curves Distraction
Curves Distraction Curves Distraction Curves Distraction
Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve
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Curves Distraction Curves Distraction Curves Distraction
Curves Distraction Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve
Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve
Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve Evaluate Curve
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Horizontal Bending -10 Horizontal Bending 0 Horizontal Bending 10
Vertical Bending -10 Vertical Bending 0 Vertical Bending 10
Horizontal Bending 50 Horizontal Bending 60 Vertical Bending -50
Rotation -40 Rotation -30 Rotation -20
Rotation 20 Rotation 30 Rotation 40
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Horizontal Bending -30 Horizontal Bending -20
Horizontal Bending 20 Horizontal Bending 30 Horizontal Bending 40
Vertical Bending -40 Vertical Bending -30 Vertical Bending -20
Vertical Bending 20 Vertical Bending 30 Vertical Bending 40
Rotation -10 Rotation 0 Rotation 10
Rotation 50
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SUCCESSFUL SPECIES
AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Rotation 30
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AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Vertical Bending 30
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WW
AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Vertical Bending 40
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WW
AestheticPanel (People can walk)Habitation (For animals)Structure ( Can self support)
Horizontal Bending 0
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SELECTION CRITERIA
Aesthetic: Do patterns create attractive forms and sense that encourage human get involve? —- Human involvementsPanel: Do the surface of the patterns allows human walk, lie, climb?— comfort and various usageHabitation: Do the structure of the patterns allow animals pass through, play with even live in? —- Optimize the human made wetlands.Structure: DO the structure can self support? In order to decrease the material usage for substructure to protect the wetlands.—- Environmental friendly.
Rotation 30:
Water Drops Transmit from center to outskirt
Vertical Bending 30:
WhirlpoolNegative Space
Vertical Bending 40:
PanelFloat on the watersimulate the wavetransmittable curve
Horizontal Bending 0:
Walk SitLie Play
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TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
B5.Dig i ta l Fabr icat ion was being used to produce and testing the design possibi l it ies in this case. Digital modelling and fabrication i s a process that jo ins des ign with production through the use of 3D model l ing software and manufacturing process. Tools such as 3D printers, Laser cutter, CNC Router, Robot arms allows designers to produce design digitally and actually test the design. Therefore, complex surface can be produced with the assistance of computation techn iques and the cont inue e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l properties.
In te r ms of our des ign, wh ich featur ing on the connect ions between rods members and the connection between frame and panelling, 3D printer will be the most appropriate method for us to produce knots connections.
F o u r D i f f e re n t t y p e s o f k n o t s are designed in our group, and 3 D m o d e l l i n g b y u s t o a l l o w connections between rods and rods, rods and panels, rods and stretching fabrics, and other possibilities. By considering and measuring the size and thickness of materials that we are going to use, knots are 3D modelled in Rhino with accurate sizes to accommodate the material. Then, these digital model will be sent to the 3D printers.
T h e f i r s t k n o t s f e a t u r i n g t h e connections between rods (as a frame) and stretchable fabrics. As
the rods and fabrics cannot firmly connected by themselves, the knots will act as a media to connect the rod to itself, while also stabilised the fabric on it. Rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, while the fabric will be kind of screw into the hole between the cross and stabilised using the nut caps that are also printed by the 3D printers.
The second knots is an elaborate, free-rotate joint that allows rotation between the rods and the panels, which enables three dimensional s t ructure in a l l d i rect ions . For this connection prototype, two components are intersecting into each other, and fixed using a 3D printed screw and nut cap in the middle. In this case, the screw ensures the joint will not fail, but also makes it possible for rotation.
The third connection are for the rods and panels, where the rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, and the panel will be inserted inside a gap between the cross. During the testing and experimentation, we find out that larger panels can also be inserted into the gap due to its bendable properties, that can be further explore to fit our design intention.
The forth knot i s a s imple and tiny connection that are able to connect for rods in a planar or slightly curve surface. It was done by the Boolean different of a cross through 3D modelling software.
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1
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3
4
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This type of connection can be used where some sights are blocking for protections, as it allows three dimensional rotated connection that can be rising up from the surface.
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The panels are made by translucence plastic materials, which allows some view form the surface to the wetland underneath, at the same time, provide a protective and safe impression for pedestrians.
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This fixing knots are being test by placing weights on the stretchable fabrics, which appears to be firmly stabilised and able to hold a moderate mass. Hence, the can be used for Part C where the stretchable fabrics connects to the structure system, in places where people are allow to laying and sitting down.
Its advantage is on its size, which allows material efficiency in construction. However, it also having the problem of not able to connect the panels or fabrics to the rods. Hence, it can only be used for the substructure system or the surface where no panels are attached to it.
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TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL Rotunda Wetlands:
Location: South of Westfield Reserve, cleared vegetation on both sides of the creek Coordinate: 37 South, 145 East Path Slop: 3 Degree
B6.
General:
The wetland landscape which has really obvious attributes. This site is a restored wetland and is quite important for the wildlife since it plays the role of a litter trap, a filter, and a shelter for the area. The topography is quite flat in this area. Sporadic pools along the path and manmade wooden pavilion near road can be observed. Near the river, lots of indigenous plant are planted. It acts as the habitants for fishes, insects and birds. The importance of the Wetlands of Merri Creek:
Each greenfield on the diagram is regard as a small subsystem belongs to universal ecosystem of Melbourne. They interact with each other. Merri Creek significantly acts as a habitat corridor of state. Merri Creek connects other small patches around this corridor.
Wetland Specific:
A human made wetland was established in 2000 (Merri Creek Management Committee, 2009). The water was supplied by surrounding residential area. The pools can filter the pollutants and also act as a habitants for those semi-aquatic vegetation. Indigenous grasses were putted in surrounding which provided the habitants for aquat ic invertebrates, reptiles, frogs. Most of these faunas were locally extinct before this project established and under the protection of endangered flora and fauna. Shrub plantings let leaf litter, bark and logs accumulated for bird nesting. The biodiversity was enhanced by this project.
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SITE ANALYSIS - MERRI CREEK & THE ROTUNDA WETLAND
The Rotunda Wetland
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Infrastructure
Pedestrain Circulation
Verhicular Circulation
Pedestrain Hierarchy
Fauna Distribution Water Element
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
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Substructure
Rise Point
Low Point
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Problems:The human made wetlands enhance the Merri Creek Ecosystem significantly. However, the wetlands are isolated from the human beings. Since there is no paths for citizens to get inside the wetlands. Design Concept:To create a structure that can optimized the existing wetlands which can let human get involves.
The project is located at Rotunda Wetlands, in order to create a walkable surface allowing human get involved into this manmade wetland for closer but undisturbed observation on the wildlife, while the substructure creates voids for animal habitation. Hence, the substructure will interact with some of the active animal t races, both within the wetland and the creek, as indicated in the substructure diagram. In addition, it also act as the support for the upper surface, which requires strong structural ability and evenly distributed.
The surface was integrated as a whole with the substructure system, which makes the surface to flow fluently. Panels will be attached to the lattice structure, indicating the path for pedestrian to explore around. Therefore, the rising and descending point shown in the diagram acts as a guide for human to discovering around the area and sightseeing the specific view. For instance, the lowering point located around the creek and the major animal traces allow people to getting closer view to the wildlife, gaining a better understanding, contributed to wildlife preservation. On the other hand, the rising point allows people to reaching the tree top to observe the birds’ habitation with similar purpose.
Design Responds:1. Substructure be used as the habitants for the animals and plants.2. Self-supported3. People can get close to the animals but do not disturb their activities.4. Allowing horizontal movements across the river.5. Vertical communications between human and various animals habitants
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FEEDBACK FROM INTERIM PRESENTATION RESPONSE
Work to combine both Critical to using one integrated definition to create this surface-structure form. Try to look into the Kangaroo plugin that can produce this similar effect on the curvy surface. In addition, a frame and infill system might be used, like panelling, to attach to the lattice structure, which act as a pathway for pedestrian, or voids to stop the pedestrian getting through.
Create a technique that is modularised This is particularly regards to the walkable surface that using panelling and patterning techniques to create a multi-functional surface. We have decided to make some spaces void (the places where protected animal lives or the place where requires sunlight getting through), and some solid spaces (where the path for human to walk, sit and being encouraged to explore around).
Create modules with vary in shape and form
Various shapes and forms can be used on the surface, as the narrowing walking surface can be the area where human should be pass quickly, avoiding disturbed the wetland underneath. On the other hand, the wider walking surface can be the place where people are encourage to explore and relax, allow people slowly walk around, or laying down.
Detail site analysis diagram in specific area The site analysis diagram presented in the interim presentation is less specific as it looks into a large range of area. Hence, some detailed diagram will be provided that looks specifically into our chosen site, which will be more helpful to develop our design intention and form of the idea. For instance, the traces of animal activities, the water flooding area, and etc. Therefore, our design (especially the form of our walkway) should be optimised and response to these issues identified from the diagram.
Digital fabrication of different connections In this case, digital fabrication is critical to find and explore the way of the structural connections, in order to figuring out how to create form. It is important to understand how connection pieces affect or compromise aesthetics and functions. Few connections details has been explored in both two dimension and three dimension to test, especially the connection between structural members and the panels that creates the surfaces.
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
B7.The part B of the Architectural design studio are mainly help us to learn and practice the computational design methods. The result of the algorithm designs alway unpredictable, which gives the designer a mass of possible solutions to choose from. However, I still think the parametric design still challenge and immaturity. In the design phase, computational design is hard to control. Since the designs are based on the scripting and coding. The results are calculated by the logic algorithms. It is really difficult and even impossible to find a prefect logic. In other world, the designs are hard to be comprehensive. The optimization of one criteria may worse another. Human selection cannot be replace. Computational design offers us infinite possible but also provide the limitation. The machine is lack of emotion. The great design is not only advanced in functional or form, but also the emotion it express. Building is the place we spend the most of the time. The feelings, the culture of the space cannot be design by the machines.
In the fabrication phases, most of the parametric design are dealing with the facade of the building. The size and shape of the panel always various as a result of the computational design. It sharply increase the material cost, construction fees and produce more waste (framworks, moulds). The requirements for the construction workers also increase. It is hard to achieve mass production. Some of the panels are formed as double curve surface, which hard to optimized and even cannot be produced.
As for my part C, I hope that I can have more research on how to optimize the mesh surface. In order to gain a produceable design.
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REFERENCE LIST
Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45
Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16
Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016]
Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/> [accessed 29 April 2016]
Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]
Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016]
Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.
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REFERENCE LIST
88
DETAILED DESIGN
PART C
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ROTUNDA WETLANDS
90
SITE ANALYSIS Rotunda Wetlands:
Location: South of Westfield Reserve, cleared vegetation on both sides of the creek Coordinate: 37 South, 145 East Path Slop: 3 Degree
C1.
General:
The wetland landscape which has really obvious attributes. This site is a restored wetland and is quite important for the wildlife since it plays the role of a litter trap, a filter, and a shelter for the area. The topography is quite flat in this area. Sporadic pools along the path and manmade wooden pavilion near road can be observed. Near the river, lots of indigenous plant are planted. It acts as the habitants for fishes, insects and birds. The importance of the Wetlands of Merri Creek:
Each greenfield on the diagram is regard as a small subsystem belongs to universal ecosystem of Melbourne. They interact with each other. Merri Creek significantly acts as a habitat corridor of state. Merri Creek connects other small patches around this corridor.
Wetland Specific:
A human made wetland was established in 2000 (Merri Creek Management Committee, 2009). The water was supplied by surrounding residential area. The pools can filter the pollutants and also act as a habitants for those semi-aquatic vegetation. Indigenous grasses were putted in surrounding which provided the habitants for aquat ic invertebrates, reptiles, frogs. Most of these faunas were locally extinct before this project established and under the protection of endangered flora and fauna. Shrub plantings let leaf litter, bark and logs accumulated for bird nesting. The biodiversity was enhanced by this project.
91
Infrastructure
Pedestrain Circulation
Verhicular Circulation
Pedestrain Hierarchy
Fauna Distribution Water Element
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
cadmapper.com file 8238cdce-cd30-4f3d-92eb-3aebc1b0458a
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Substructure
Rise Point
Low Point
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Problems:The human made wetlands enhance the Merri Creek Ecosystem significantly. However, the wetlands are isolated from the human beings. Since there is no paths for citizens to get inside the wetlands.
Design Responds:1. Substructure be used as the habitants for the animals and plants.2. Self-supported3. People can get close to the animals but do not disturb their activities.4. Allowing horizontal movements across the river.5. Vertical communications between human and various animals habitants
OBSERVATION Rotunda Wetlands:
Location: South of Westfield Reserve, cleared vegetation on both sides of the creek Coordinate: 37 South, 145 East Path Slop: 3 Degree
C2.
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DESIGN CONCEPT To create a structure that can optimized the exsisting wetlands which
can let human get involves and share the space with animals.
C3.
The project is located at Rotunda Wetlands, in order to create a walkable surface allowing human get involved into this manmade wetland for closer but undisturbed observation on the wildlife, while the substructure creates voids for animal habitation. Hence, the substructure will interact with some of the active animal t races, both within the wetland and the creek, as indicated in the substructure diagram. In addition, it also act as the support for the upper surface, which requires strong structural ability and evenly distributed.
The surface was integrated as a whole with the substructure system, which makes the surface to flow fluently. Panels will be attached to the lattice structure, indicating the path for pedestrian to explore around. Therefore, the rising and descending point shown in the diagram acts as a guide for human to discovering around the area and sightseeing the specific view. For instance, the lowering point located around the creek and the major animal traces allow people to getting closer view to the wildlife, gaining a better understanding, contributed to wildlife preservation. On the other hand, the rising point allows people to reaching the tree top to observe the birds’ habitation with similar purpose.
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STRUCTURE EXPLORATION
C4.
To minimise the disturbance of our structure to the site. We trying to build a self-supporting weaving structure. Compare to gridshell structure. A gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature (in the same way that a fabric structure derives strength from double curvature), but is constructed of a grid or lattice. Bonding to the ground in order to maintain its shape. The self-supporting structure do not need the tensile force on the bottom of the structure. Thus, no need digging holes to bond the structure with frame. Digging holes will destroy the wetland obviously.
Image source: http://www.biad-ufo.cn/cn/projectsshow.aspx?f_id=2063&type=4&years=&workfield=
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Image source: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/toyo-ito-taichung-metropolitan-opera/
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STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION
C5.We trying to create a weaving structure that can weave arbitrary shape. We can use this structure system to gain the weaving curves of our later optimised form. We use the kangaroo to gain the basic form in order to meet the basic physical principles. The weaverbird and Lunch box helps us to extract and adjust the curve from the shapes created by kangaroo. Karamba is a powerful tools for us to further optimised the curve. The curves were loosen according to the selected material.
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PROTOTYPEC6.
A prototype was made to test our arbitrary shape weaving structure. Some weak points are discovered by us. Especially the star points. The star points are the points that connect four or more curves together. The principle stresses are relatively larger than other points and likely to occur connection failure. Some pipes also collapse due to the huge bending stresses, which mainly caused by the sharp changing shape. We trying to analysis the principle stress, bending moment, tension force and yield force by the millipede. And optimised our form according to these datas.
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MASTER PLAN
C7.
BRIEFOBSERVATION STRATEGY
Optimisation
Habitation
Recreation
Preservation
Isolated
Disconnected
Inconspicuous
Seeming Inanimate
Manmade Wetland
VISIBILITY
STRUCTURE
SUNLIGHTMATERIALITY
ACCESSIBILITY
PRESERVATION
RECREATION
HABITATION
Self-supporting Structure
- Smart Space AnalysisGenetic Algorithm: Octopus
- Geco - CFD
- Kangaroo - Weaverbird - Millipede - Karamba
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BRIEFOBSERVATION STRATEGY
Optimisation
Habitation
Recreation
Preservation
Isolated
Disconnected
Inconspicuous
Seeming Inanimate
Manmade Wetland
VISIBILITY
STRUCTURE
SUNLIGHTMATERIALITY
ACCESSIBILITY
PRESERVATION
RECREATION
HABITATION
Self-supporting Structure
- Smart Space AnalysisGenetic Algorithm: Octopus
- Geco - CFD
- Kangaroo - Weaverbird - Millipede - Karamba
BRIEFOBSERVATION STRATEGY
Optimisation
Habitation
Recreation
Preservation
Isolated
Disconnected
Inconspicuous
Seeming Inanimate
Manmade Wetland
VISIBILITY
STRUCTURE
SUNLIGHTMATERIALITY
ACCESSIBILITY
PRESERVATION
RECREATION
HABITATION
Self-supporting Structure
- Smart Space AnalysisGenetic Algorithm: Octopus
- Geco - CFD
- Kangaroo - Weaverbird - Millipede - Karamba
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FORM FINDINGC8.1
PANEL ITERATIONS
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FORM FINDINGC8.2
OUTLINE ITERATIONS
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FORM FINDINGC8.3
FORM ITERATIONS
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FORM FINDINGC8.4
GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA)
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Octopus is a plug-in for applying evolutionary principles to parametric design and problem solving. It allows the search for many goals at once, producing a range of optimized trade-off solutions between the extremes of each goal. In our case, we use genetics algorithm to optimise structure,
shade and height for our design proposal. We trying to minimise the shading area to provide maximum sunshine for the vegetation underneath, create variable height that allows pedestrians observation from creek to treetop, and reduce week point in the structure.
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FORM FINDINGC8.5
SMART SPACE ANALYSIS (SSA)
Iteration 1 Iteration 2
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Iteration 3 Iteration 4
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VISIBILITY
FIELD OF VIEW
DISTANCE TO
AVERAGE DISTANCE
PROPERTY
ROADS
VEGETATION
WATERCOURSES
VIEWPOINT
DESIGN PROPOSAL
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How far away is everything from one or more locations
What is the average distance to all locations from all locations
What is directly visible from my current location. What is in my peripheral vision
What can I see from my current location
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FORM FINDINGC8.6
GECO: A grasshopper plugin for evaluate design in Ecotect for sunlight performance improvement in specific environment context
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FORM FINDINGC8.7
CFD: Simulate wind tunnel for visualizing airflow, able to identify complex flow behaviour including circulation regions and wakes. Allow design for safety and comfort for pedestrians by analyses the air flows between structure.
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CFD FOR FINAL FORM
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FORM FINDINGC8.8
MILLIPEDE: Millipede is a Grasshopper plug-in focusing on the analysis and optimization of structure. Shell Elements Visualization was mainly used which allows visualize the deformations in our system and generate meshes that visualize the distribution of forces and stresses over our shell element.
BENDING MOMENT DEFLECTION PRINCIPLE STRESS YIELD
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BENDING MOMENT:
A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend. M i l l i p e d e i n d i c a t e s t h r o u g h r a i n b o w v i s u a l i z a t i o n o f t h e m a x i m u m b e n d i n g moment at the centre of each quad.
DEFLECTION:
Deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load, which is directly related to the slope of the deflected shape of the member u n d e r t h a t l o a d . Rainbow visualization of the distribution of deflections.
YIELD:
A yield strength or yield point is the material p ro p e r t y d e f i n e d a s t h e s t r e s s a t w h i c h a material begins to deform plastically. Ratio of stress to yield stress for specified material. Re d m ea n s t h a t t h e stress is over the yield stress threshold.
PRINCIPLE STRESS:
The maximum normal stress that the structure can have at its some points. In Mill ipede, Red/Cyan visualization depending on whether the dominant e f fec t l o c a l l y a n d a t t h e specified layer is tension or compression.
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SITE RESPONDC9
CONCAVE TO INCREASE ENGAGE WITH HABITATION
CONCAVE TO REDUCE INTERRUPTION TO EXISTING ROADS
PROTRUDE REACHING TREETOP TO INCREASE ENGAGEMENT TO VEGETATION AS WELL AS OBERVATION
ENRICH CIRCULATION WITH OBSERVATION TO CREEK
CONCAVE TO REDUCE DISRUPTION TO EXISTING INFRASSTRUCTURE
CANTILEVER OVER LAKE ENCOURAGE OBSERVATION
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MERRI CREEK OBSERVATION ZONE
DESIGN PROPOSAL [OUTLINE + STRUCTURE + MAIN PATHWAY]
TREETOP OBSERVATION ZONE
NATIVE FAUNA HABITANT OBSERVATION AND RELAXATION ZONE
QUICK PASSAGE
CANTILEVER PLATFORM FOR LAKE OBSERVATION ZONE
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SECTIONC10
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PLANC11
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FABRICATIONC11.1
ALLOCATION
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FABRICATIONC11.2
MATERIAL
HIGH STRENGTH BREATHABLE UV PROTECTED GARDEN NON-WOVEN FABRIC
Able to support weight while its translucent properties allows sunlight to penetrate through, which will not damage the native vegetation in the wetlands.
HIGH STRENGTH NETTED BURLAP
Proposed for our prototype, high strength but requires larger connection to hold the fabric tight.
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STRETCHABLE FABRIC
Provide tensile shapes to construct the main pathway, create playful experience for pedestrians while reminds human to be aware of the vegetation underneath.
FIBERGLASS
Strong lightweight and self-supporting material that always been used as a framing for a variety of structures. Solid fiberglass rods are used as it is non-conductive and extremely durable, less likely to brittle.
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FABRICATIONC11.3
STRUCTURE
LOCATING PRINTING
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MARKING INTERWEAVING
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FABRICATIONC11.4
PANEL
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FABRICATIONC11.5
CONNECTION IN DETAIL
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FABRICATIONC11.6
PROCESS
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FINAL MODELSC12
IMAGES
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RENDERED IMAGESC13
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LEARNING OUTCOMESC14
After f inal presentation, feedbacks are given specifically to our lack of explanatory diagrams. Therefore, in Part C, we use a lots of diagrams and matrix to show our design process, optimization methods and fabrication process.
During Studio Air, the concept of computation design was introduced for us to apply into design. Parametric design is benefits as it calculated based on data structures, which provides a variety of possible and unpredictable solutions for designers. However, based on my study during the semester, I realised the importance of controllability among parametric design. For example, in our project, optimization is the major part for design proposal. Many different grasshoppers plug in were used and explored in our design method. In specific, Octopus,
a plug in for rhino, was used to optimise some variables and calculated the ‘optimised’ results from the input data. However, the final solution still requires human selection from a range of output geometries. This amount of controllability is required to ensure the logic behind the project.
Therefore, this design process did affect my knowledge of the role of computation in architectural design process. The process is tending to going digital, where might results in humanity in design. However, I am really interested in the digital fabrication connected with digital design. In our project, we tried the first step of digital fabrication by unrolling lines from grasshopper optimised structure onto paper. As in the future, I hope I can work more on digital fabrication, especially with robotic.
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REFERENCESC15
Image source: http://www.biad-ufo.cn/cn/projectsshow.aspx?f_id=2063&type
=4&years=&workfield= toyo ito: taichung metropolitan opera
Image source: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/toyo-ito-taichung-metropolitan-opera/ biad ufo: phoenix international media center
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