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JAXAJAXA’’s Satellite Programss Satellite Programs>Earth Observation>Earth Observation>Positioning Satellite>Positioning Satellite>Disaster Monitoring >Disaster Monitoring
and Communication and Communication
NorimitsuNorimitsu KAMIMORIKAMIMORI
DirectorDirectorSatellite Systems Engineering GroupSatellite Systems Engineering GroupSpace Applications Mission Directorate Space Applications Mission Directorate Japan Japan Space Space ExplorationExploration AgencyAgency (JAXA)(JAXA)
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Aviation Program Group
Aviation Program Group
PresidentPresident
Inst. of Space &
Astro. Science
Inst. of Space &
Astro. Science
Aerospace R&D
Directorate
Aerospace R&D
Directorate
Space Transport.
MissionDirectorate
Space Transport.
MissionDirectorate
Space Applications
MissionDirectorate
Space Applications
MissionDirectorate
IGS G
roupIG
S Group
Vice-PresidentVice-President
Human Space
System & UtilizationMission
Directorate
Human Space
System & UtilizationMission
Directorate
Lunar & Planetary
Exploration Group
Lunar & Planetary
Exploration Group
Total personnel: 1,649(Apr.2007)
JAXA’s Organization
Policy Coordination
Admin. Management
Systems Engineering
S&MA
HQ functions HQ functions
3
Program Management and Integration Dept.
Director T. Doura
Program Management and Integration Dept.
Director T. Doura
Earth Observation CenterDirector M.Tsuchiya
Earth Observation CenterDirector M.Tsuchiya
Satellite Applications and Promotion Center
Director T. Doura (Acting)
Satellite Applications and Promotion Center
Director T. Doura (Acting)
As of Oct 2008
Office of Space Applications
GCOM-C1 Project Proj. Manager Y. NakagawaGCOM-C1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa
Space ApplicationsProgram SE OfficeDirector Y.Nakamura
Space ApplicationsProgram SE OfficeDirector Y.Nakamura
WINDS Project Proj. Manager Y. NakamuraWINDS Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakamura
QZSS Project Proj. Manager K. TeradaQZSS Project Proj. Manager K. Terada
GPM/DPR Project Proj. Manager M. KojimaGPM/DPR Project Proj. Manager M. Kojima
GCOM-W1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa GCOM-W1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa
GOSAT Project Proj. Manager T. HamazakiGOSAT Project Proj. Manager T. Hamazaki
Program Director for Space Applications
Ass.Exec.Director N.Homma
Program Director for Space Applications
Ass.Exec.Director N.Homma
Earth Observation Research and Application CenterDirector T. Fukuda (Acting)
Earth Observation Research and Application CenterDirector T. Fukuda (Acting)
Program Director for Sat. System Development
Y. Horikawa(Acting)
Program Director for Sat. System Development
Y. Horikawa(Acting)
S&MA Office Director T.Watanabe
Director for International RelationsAss.Exec.Director M.Kajii
Director for International RelationsAss.Exec.Director M.Kajii
Disaster Monitoring Sat. Pre-Project Leader Y.Osawa
Disaster Monitoring Sat. Pre-Project Leader Y.Osawa
Executive DirectorY. Horikawa
Executive DirectorY. Horikawa
Asian Cooperation CenterM.Kajii (Acting)
Asian Cooperation CenterM.Kajii (Acting)
EarthCARE/CPR Project Proj.Mangr T.KimuraEarthCARE/CPR Project Proj.Mangr T.Kimura
Super Low Altitude Test Sat. Pre-Project Leader S.Usuki
Super Low Altitude Test Sat. Pre-Project Leader S.Usuki
Satellite Systems Engineering Group
Director N.Kamimori
Satellite Systems Engineering Group
Director N.Kamimori
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Earth Observation Program of JAXA
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Disasters
EnergyEnergy
Climate Water
Health Weather EcosystemsAgriculture Biodiversity
Japanese 3 priority areas among 9 GEOSS societal benefits:•Adaptation to Global Warming and Carbon Cycle•Adaptation to Climate Variations and Water Cycle•Reduction and Prevention of Disasters
Special focus on Asia-Pacific Region9 Societal Benefit Areas9 Societal Benefit Areas
Global Earth Observation System of SystemsGlobal Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS)(GEOSS)
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Global environmental monitoring system integratingobservations and predictions
Observing globally with consistent accuracy
Satellite observation network
etc…Polar-orbiting
Earth observation satellite
Communication satellites
Transmission/dissemination
Process study and modeling on atmosphere, ocean, land, water cycles, and global
warming by Earth observation data users
Direct data distribution to operational users and data
archive
Predictions using prediction models for climate, hydrological cycle change, and
carbon cycleNumerical climate models Super computers
(Earth simulator)
Tools for policy making
Assessment of impact from human activities
Radiosondes
BuoysShips
Manned/unmanned aircraft
GeostationaryEarth observation satellite
Ground observation network
Global Earth Observing System of Systems(GEOSS)
Extreme weather forecasts
Extreme rain falls and droughts forecasts
Sea condition forecasts
Weather forecasts
Air pollutions
Deforestation
Emission of carbon dioxides
Information obtained
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Earth Observation Mission RoadmapEarth Observation Mission Roadmap2002~2007 2008~2012
(Next Mid-term)2013~2017
TRMMPrecipitation Radar : 5Km,
Rain rate: 0.7mm/hTMI Microwave Radiometer:
(NASA)
TRMMPrecipitation Radar : 5Km,
Rain rate: 0.7mm/hTMI Microwave Radiometer:
(NASA)
GPMDPR: Dual Frequency
Precipitation Radar To continuous Water Cycle Observations
To continuous Water Cycle ObservationsEarthCARE
CPR:Cloud Profile RadarFTS: Fourier Transform Spectrometer etc.
Global Water Cycle Observation
Measuring land & sea surface
To Operational Disaster Monitoring System
To Operational Disaster Monitoring System
Disaster MonitoringDemonstration Sate.
High res optical sensor: TBDSAR: TBD
Global monitoring of the Earth’s environment
GOSATGHG and Cloud sensor
To continuous Global Climate Change Observations
To continuous Global Climate Change Observations
GCOM-W/ -CAMSR F/O :
Microwave radiometerSGLI :
Visible Land Infrared Imager
To continuous Green House Gasses Observations
To continuous Green House Gasses Observations
ADEOS-II “Midori2”
ILAS-II: Infrared spectrometerGLI :Visible & Infrared ImagerAMSR: Microwave Radiometer
ADEOS-II “Midori2”
ILAS-II: Infrared spectrometerGLI :Visible & Infrared ImagerAMSR: Microwave Radiometer
Global Climate Change Monitoring Green House Gas Monitoring
ALOS ”Daichi”PRISM(Optical triplet mode, High resolution sensor; Global mapping):2.5mPALSAR(L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar;
Land information, Disaster monitoring):10mAVNIR-2(Visible & Near Infrared Radiometer:
Disaster monitoring etc.):10m
ALOS ”Daichi”PRISM(Optical triplet mode, High resolution sensor; Global mapping):2.5mPALSAR(L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar;
Land information, Disaster monitoring):10mAVNIR-2(Visible & Near Infrared Radiometer:
Disaster monitoring etc.):10m
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2002 2003 2004 2005
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS<AMSR-E>
AMSR-E
AQUA
El-Nino Watch
September sea ice distribution in the Arctic
• Multi-frequency, dual-polarized passive microwave radiometers for observing global climate and hydrology.
• Higher spatial resolution compared to existing instruments (e.g., SSM/I).
• Addition of 6.9-GHz channels for estimating SST and soil moisture.
(Water Cycle)
Monitoring area
9
GPM is a follow-on and expanded mission of the current on-going TRMM
Improve the accuracy of both long-term and short-term weather forecastsImprove water resource management in river control and irrigation systems for agriculture
Core SatelliteTRMM Era GPM Era
Core SatelliteDual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR)
Microwave radiometer (GMI) •Precipitation with high precision •Discrimination between rain and snow
8 Constellation SatellitesMicrowave radiometer
•Global precipitation every 3 hours
Constellation Satellites
(launch in 2013)(launch around 2013)
Global Precipitation Measurement<GPM> (Water Cycle)
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<Earth CARE/CPR>
•Mission–Vertical profile of clouds, aerosol
–Interaction between clouds and aerosol
–Cloud stability and precipitation
•Orbit–Sun synchronous
–Equator crossing time 13:30
–Altitude 380km
•Instrument–CPR (cloud Profile Radar):JAXA
–LIDAR:ESA
–MSI (Multi-Spectral Imager):ESA
–BBR (Broad Band Radiometer):ESA
–FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer):ESA
•Launch target–2013
Climate monitoring of earth radiation, cloud and aerosolCooperation between ESA and Japan
(CLIMATE CHANGE)
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Number and distribution of ground-basedgreenhouse gases monitoring stations is not enough. GOSAT enables global (with 56,000 points) and frequent (at 3 days) monitoring.
Current Ground-based Observation Points (320pts)
GOSAT
Objectives(1) To observe CO2 and CH4 column density
- at 100-1000km spatial scale (with scanning mechanical)- with relative accuracy of 0.3-1% for CO2 (1-4ppmv, 3 month average).
(2) To reduce sub-continental scale CO2 annual flux estimation errors by half - 0.54GtC/yr→0.27GtC/yr
Provided by WMO WDCGG
(launch in 2008)
Increase of Observation Points using GOSAT (56,000pts)
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite<GOSAT> (GLOBAL WARMING)
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• Global Imager follow-on instrument (SGLI)
• AMSR follow-on instrument (AMSR2)Instrument
2013(TBD)2011Launch (target)
1800 kg(SGLI 460 kg included)
2000kg(AMSR follow-on 340 kg and SeaWinds 240 kg included)
Mass
H2A launch vehicleLaunch vehicle
5 yearsMission life
Satellite overview
Type : Sun-synchronous, sub-recurrentAltitude : 798 kmInclination : 99.36 degreesLocal time of ascending node : 10:30
Type : Sun-synchronous, sub-recurrentAltitude : 699.6 kmInclination : 98.19 degreesLocal time of ascending node : 13:30
Orbit
GCOM-CGCOM-W
Global Change Observation Mission<GCOM>
• Establish and demonstrate the global and long-term Earth observing system (contribute to GEOSS)
• Contribute to improving climate change prediction in concert with climate model research institutions
Main Mission(CLIMATE CHANGE)
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Disaster Monitoring and Communication Program
14
For Reduction and Prevention of DisastersFor Reduction and Prevention of Disasters
JAXA’s powerful tool– Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)– Disaster Monitoring Demonsration Sat.Cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region– Asia Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum
(APRSAF)
Contribute to building a secure and prosperous societyContribute to building a secure and prosperous societyImplement a disaster management support system through which anybody, at anytime and anywhere, can be informed about the current situations and predictions of disasters
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Very large mobile communication satellite
Residents in disaster areas
Information center
Disaster monitoring
Data collection
Information delivering to
personal terminals
Ultra high-speed communication satellite
Earth observation satellites
Positioning Satellites
Ground observation network
Information Gathering and Warning System for Disaster and Crisis Management
Forest fire
Earthquake
Sea pollutionObservation buoys Sea accident
Tsunami
Flood
Volcanic eruption
Typhoon
Heavy rain
Connection with ground netwark in disaster areas
Unmanned observatories In remote areas/sea
Integration with global communications network
Small EarthObservation satellites
GeostationaryEarth observation satellites
High-resolution land observing satellites
Global precipitation observing satellites
Disaster warning
Disaster situations
Evacuation routes instructions
Family members’ locations
Communications among sufferer
Providing services directly toPersonal terminls in disaster areas
- Disaster prediction, instructions on evacuation and confirmation of family members’ locations -
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ALOS
© JAXA
© JAXA
PRISMPanchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping
PALSAR Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
© JAXA
AVNIR-2Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2
• Disaster monitoring• Cartography• Regional observation• Resources surveying
ALOS Pansharpen (PRISM/AVNIR-2) image over Tokyoobserved on August 29, 2006
ALOS is precursor mission for Disastre Monitoring
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Radar Satellite
Optical Sensor Satellite
Disaster Monitoring Demonstration Satellites
Mission Definition is just finished•Disaster monitoring (New main mission)•Regional observation(ALOS follow-on)•Cartography
Current System Concept• Monitoring disaster area affected
by earthquake, volcano, flood, etc.
• Observing the disaster affected area within 3 hr (6 hr in night)
•Hopefully A satellite constellation of 2 optical sensor satellites and 2 SAR satellites is necessary
• Higher spatial resolution: 1m(pan), 3m (multi), 3m (SAR)
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Tele-Medicine Tele-Education SatelliteIP Multicasting
Overcoming Digital Divide
Satellite Mobile Communications
QZSSQuasi-zenith Satellite System
WINDS “Kizuna”Wideband InterNetworking
engineering test and Demonstration Satellite
ETS-VIII “Kiku-8”Engineering Test Satellite-VIII
High accuracypositioning
DisasterManagement
-- Space Communication Infrastructure Space Communication Infrastructure --
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Launch DateLaunch Date
2006.12.18 by H2A Launcher 2006.12.18 by H2A Launcher
Planned Life SpanPlanned Life Span
Bus : 10 YearsMission Equip. : 3 YearsBus : 10 YearsMission Equip. : 3 Years
LocationLocation 146°E 146°E
ShapeShape Rectangular with Deployable AntennasRectangular with Deployable Antennas
WeightWeight Approx. 3,000kg(Initial in Orbit)Approx. 3,000kg(Initial in Orbit)
Payload WeightPayload Weight Approx. 1,200kgApprox. 1,200kg
Electric PowerElectric Power
7,500W (at the Summer Solstice after three years)7,500W (at the Summer Solstice after three years)
Attitude ControlAttitude Control 3-Axis Body Stabilization3-Axis Body Stabilization
Control AccuracyControl Accuracy
Roll/Pitch : ±0.05°Yaw : ±0.15°Roll/Pitch : ±0.05°Yaw : ±0.15°
40m
40m
Deployable Antenna
Solar Paddles
Phased Array Antenna Feeder
Antenna for Positioning
Bus
Earth
Voice and Data Transmission with Handheld or Portable Terminals
High Quality Audio and Video Multi-casting for Mobile Terminals
Positioning with a high accurate on-board atomic clock
Voice and Data Transmission with Handheld or Portable Terminals
High Quality Audio and Video Multi-casting for Mobile Terminals
Positioning with a high accurate on-board atomic clock
Application of ETS-VIII System
Engineering Test Satellite VIII “Kiku-8”launched on December 28th, 2006
20
Ka-band Satellite with High Speed Transmission Capability Gbps order
Bent pipe and Onboard ATM Switching
Multi-Beam Antennas(MBA) and Active Phased Array Antennas(APAA) with high speed scanning capability
Ka-band Satellite with High Speed Transmission Capability Gbps order
Bent pipe and Onboard ATM Switching
Multi-Beam Antennas(MBA) and Active Phased Array Antennas(APAA) with high speed scanning capability
Outline of WINDS System
Tx Antenna for Japanese islands Tx & Rx Antenna for Asia Pacific
Tx & Rx APAA
Launch ScheduleLaunch Schedule
Feb. 2008by H2A Launcher Feb. 2008by H2A Launcher
LocationLocation 143°E143°E
DimensionDimension 3 x 2 x 8mWidth 23m3 x 2 x 8mWidth 23m
MASSMASS 4,850 kg ( lift off )4,850 kg ( lift off )
Electric PowerElectric Power
6,500W / EOL, Summer Solstice6,500W / EOL, Summer Solstice
Attitude ControlAttitude Control
Zero-momentum 3-Axis ControlZero-momentum 3-Axis Control
FrequencyFrequency U/L : 28 GHz BW : 1.1GHxD/L : 18 GHzU/L : 28 GHz BW : 1.1GHxD/L : 18 GHz
SatelliteG/TSatelliteG/T
> 21 dB/K ( MBA )> 11 dB/K ( APAA)> 21 dB/K ( MBA )> 11 dB/K ( APAA)
SatelliteEIRPSatelliteEIRP
≒ 70 dBW ( MBA )≒ 55 dBW ( APAA)≒ 70 dBW ( MBA )≒ 55 dBW ( APAA)
OnboardProcessingOnboardProcessing ATM Baseband SWATM Baseband SW
Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite
<WINDS> “Kizuna”
21
Any place to Any place ; High Speed Beam Scanning
Advance Phased Array Anntena and Beam Scanningー Able to cover any place in Asia-Pacific ー
Rx APAATx APAA
Thermal RadiationPanel
High Speed Scanning Beam
649mm 539mm
468mm287mm
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Positioning Satellite Program
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L-band Helical Array Antenna
Satellite Configuration
QuasiQuasi--Zenith Navigation SatelliteZenith Navigation Satellite<QZS>
Deployable Solar Cell Array Panel
Launch ScheduleLaunch Schedule
2010 (TBD)by H2A Launcher 2010 (TBD)by H2A Launcher
AspectAspectBoxed shape. Fixed antennas mounted on the earth side.
Boxed shape. Fixed antennas mounted on the earth side.
Design LifeDesign Life 10 years10 years
OrbitOrbit Quasi-Zenith Orbit (i:45 deg,e:0.099,a:42,164km)Quasi-Zenith Orbit (i:45 deg,e:0.099,a:42,164km)
MassMass About 1,800kg (dry)About 1,800kg (dry)
Electric PowerElectric Power About 5.3kW (EOL)About 5.3kW (EOL)
AOCSAOCS Three-Axis attitude control. Three-Axis attitude control.
NAV payloadNAV payload
NAV signals: L-band 6 signals on 4 frequencies TWSTFT: Ku-band (developed by NICT)
NAV signals: L-band 6 signals on 4 frequencies TWSTFT: Ku-band (developed by NICT)
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QZSS orbit constellationThree satellites are in elliptical and inclined orbits in different orbital planes to pass over the same ground track. QZSS is designed so that at least one satellite out of three satellites exists near zenith over Japan.
(a=42,164km, e=0.099, i=45deg, Ω= 120deg apart)Perigee Altitude is about 32,000km.
Apogee altitude is about 40,000km.
QZSS System Design
QZSS orbit constellation
GSO sat elevation angle
QZSS elevation anglehigher than 70 deg
less than 48 deg @Tokyo (latitude N36 deg)
25
Schedule of JAXA Application Satellites
Approved Project Planned Project GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Period
Legends: Satellite name/Sensor name Japanese Satellite/Japanese Sensor, Foreign satellite/Foreign Sensor
20192017
ClimateChange
includingWaterCycle
Variation
2013 2014 2015 201620112005 2007
Schedule of JAXA application programs/projects
Active radio wavesensor (Microwave
scatterometer)
2006 20122008 2009 2010 2018
Passive opticalsensor (IR
spectrometer)
2003 2004
GlobalWarming
and CarbonCycle
Change
Active radio wavesensor
(Precipitationradar)
Active radio wavesensor(Cloudprofiling radar)
Active microwavesensor (Microwave
radiometer)
DisasterMonitoringProgram
Passive optical sensor(Visible and IR highresolution sensor)
Active radio wave sensor (L-band synthetic aperture
radar)
Program
EarthObservationProgram
Communication& PositioningProgram
Communication
Positioning
Active optical sensor(LIDAR)
Passive opticalsensor (Multi-
spectral radiometer)
Sensor Type
GOSAT / Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOS)ADEOS-II/ILAS-II
Aqua /AMSR-E
ADEOS-II/AMSR
GCOM-C1/SGLI
GCOM-W1/AMSR-2
ADEOS-II/GLI
EarthCARE /CPR
GPM /DPR (Dual frequency Precipitation Radar)TRMM /PR
94GHz Doppler Radar, Range Resolution 500m, Field of View 650m
Ku band 13.6GHz, Ka band 35.5GHz, Swath 245km, Horizontal Resolution 5km, Range Resolution 250m
6.9-89GHz(6ch), Swath 1600km, Spatial Resolution 5-50km
Spectral Range 0.38-12µm(22ch, multiple polarization/direction channel included),Swath 1150km, Spatial Resolution 250m, 500m, 1km
Spectral Range 0.78~14.3µm(5ch),Swath approx. 1000km,Spatial Resolution 8km(Nadir),Target Accuracy 4ppmv(3 months average)
JFY
Next Greenhouse Gas Observation Satellite
ADEOS-II/SeaWinds
ETS-VIII / Large Deployabel Anntena
WINDS / Wide-band Internet working satellite
Quazi-Zennis Satellite System
ALOS / PRISM, AVNIR-2
Disaster Monitoring Satellite-1ALOS / PALSAR
PRISM : Spectral Range 0.52-0.77µm, Resolution 2.5m, Swath 70km(Nadir)AVNIR-2 : Spectral Range 0.42-0.89µm(4 band), Resolution 10m, Swath 70km(Nadir)
PALSAR : L band 1270GHz, Resolution 10m, Swath 40km-70km
Disaster Monitoring Satellite-2
Terra /ASTER
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