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Japanese Policy on New Energy
Yoji Matsui
Topics
• Necessity of Renewable Energy
• Japanese Policy on Renewable Energy
– Support to local governments
– R&D Projects
– Measures for Deployment
• Policy on New Usage of Energy & New Technology
– Energy Management System
– Storage Battery
2
Necessity of Renewable Energy
4
Primary Energy Supply in Japan
一次エネルギー構成比
46
11 14 15
10 13 12
3 3 3
4956
75
211917
17
21 3344 1
1973 1990 2000 2005
新エネルギー等
水力
原子力
天然ガス
石炭
石油(LPGを含む)
PV, Wind, etc.
HydraulicNuclear
LNG
CoalPetroleum (incl. LPG)
Proportion of Each Energy to the Primary Energy Supply in Japan
The proportion of petroleum to the primary energy supply has come down, while that of fossil fuels have not decreased.
Price of Fossil FuelsThe prices of fossil fuels will continue to go up.
Pric
e of
Fos
sil F
uels
(U
S$/1
,000
kcal
)
Petroleum Coking Coal Energetic CoalLNG
1st Oil Shock
2nd Oil Shock The Gulf War
5
2009.2.17 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act - $ 584 billion investment in two years ($ 787 billion until 2019), create 0.6 - 1.8 million new employment by the forth quarter 2011
- $ 83 billion tax reductions and bond, etc. in the area of clean energy & renewable energy,$ 11 billion investment for the reinforcement of electric distribution networks
2010.6.18 2010.6.18 2010.6.18 2010.6.18 Economic Growth StrategyEconomic Growth StrategyEconomic Growth StrategyEconomic Growth Strategy---- create 1.4 million employment until 2020 in the area of environcreate 1.4 million employment until 2020 in the area of environcreate 1.4 million employment until 2020 in the area of environcreate 1.4 million employment until 2020 in the area of environment and energyment and energyment and energyment and energy---- 10 10 10 10 trillion yen market for renewable energy by 2020 trillion yen market for renewable energy by 2020 trillion yen market for renewable energy by 2020 trillion yen market for renewable energy by 2020
2007.1.19 Chairman for European Renewable Energy Policy Conference- 2 million new employment by 2020 in EU 15 countries
2008.9.24 Report at UNEP concerning with “Green Industry” (referred to the draft of “Clean Energy New Deal Policy”, IEA)- 2.3 million has been already employed in the renewable energy sector- 2.1 million employment in the area of wind power and 6.3 million in photovoltaic until 2030
2006.9.12 Report by Ministry for Environment- employment in the industry related renewable energy will become 300 thousand until 2020, will exceed 330 thousand
2008.11.17 Minister for Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development of Country- create 100 thousand employment until 2020 by supplying renewable energy more than 23% of energy consumption
Employments created by Renewables
6
Necessity of Renewable Energy
• Renewable Energy such as Photovoltaic, Wind Power, Hydraulic, Geothermal are expected as low CO2 energy.
• Without CO2 emission issue (Global Warming Protection), Renewable Energy is important for Japan to reduce the dependence on limited resources and energy imports.
• Renewable Energy will contribute to create markets and employments.
7
Cumulative Installation (Photovoltaic)Japan ranks at 3rd in the world.
出典: T R E N D S IN P H O T O V O LT A IC A P P LIC A T IO N S S urvey report of selected IE A countries betw een 1992 and 2007及びEPIAデータ
0000
1 ,0 0 01 ,0 0 01 ,0 0 01 ,0 0 0
2 ,0 0 02 ,0 0 02 ,0 0 02 ,0 0 0
3 ,0 0 03 ,0 0 03 ,0 0 03 ,0 0 0
4 ,0 0 04 ,0 0 04 ,0 0 04 ,0 0 0
5 ,0 0 05 ,0 0 05 ,0 0 05 ,0 0 0
6 ,0 0 06 ,0 0 06 ,0 0 06 ,0 0 0
1 9 9 91 9 9 91 9 9 91 9 9 9 2 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 02 0 0 0 2 0 0 12 0 0 12 0 0 12 0 0 1 2 0 0 22 0 0 22 0 0 22 0 0 2 2 0 0 32 0 0 32 0 0 32 0 0 3 2 0 0 42 0 0 42 0 0 42 0 0 4 2 0 0 52 0 0 52 0 0 52 0 0 5 2 0 0 62 0 0 62 0 0 62 0 0 6 2 0 0 72 0 0 72 0 0 72 0 0 7 2 0 0 82 0 0 82 0 0 82 0 0 8
[[[[年年年年 ]]]]
[M W ][M W ][M W ][M W ]
ドイツドイツドイツドイツ
スペインスペインスペインスペイン
日 本日 本日 本日 本
U S AU S AU S AU S A
イタリアイタリアイタリアイタリア
韓 国韓 国韓 国韓 国
フランスフランスフランスフランス
ポル トガルポル トガルポル トガルポル トガル
合計約合計約合計約合計約12121212....8888GWGWGWGW
約5.4G W
約3.2G W
約2.1G W
約1.2G W
Total
GermanySpainJapanUSAItalyKoreaFrancePortugal
Data : , IEA
Cumulative Installation of Photovoltaic
8
World Market Share (Photovoltaic)Japan ranks at 2nd.
Am ount of Products in Each C ountry(2007)
Taiwan10%
Japan26%
C hina23%G erm any
22%
USA8%
Philippin4%
O thers4%
Spain3%
Am ount of Products in Each C ountry(2009, estim ated)
Taiwan13%
M alaysia7%
USA6%
O thers7%Philippine
4%
C hina35%
Japan14%
G erm any14%
9
(Data) NEDO, GWEC
Cumulative Installation (Wind Power)Installation pace has come down in Japan.
Cumulative Installation of Wind Turbine
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
GW(W orld)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
10M W(Japan)
W orld(G W )
Japan(10M W )
10
Cumulative Installation (Country)Japan ranks at 13th in the world.
C um ulative Istallation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40USA
China
Germany
Spain
India
Italy
France
UK
Portugal
Denmark
Canada
Netherlands
Japan
GW
(2009)
11
Cumulative Installation (Producer)The share of Japanese leading company MHI is 2% in the world.
Cumulative Installation Share of Wind Turbine
6%
26%
12%
13%
13%
3%
7%
4%
2%
7%1%2%
2%2%
Vestas
G E W ind
G am esa
Enercon
Siem ens
Suzlon
Nordex
Repower
Acciona
M HI
G old W ind
Sinovel
Dongfang
O thers
(2008)
12
Potential of Bio Energy
主なバババババの未未未未(バイオマス・ニッポン総合戦略(平成18年3月31日)をもとに作成)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
家家家せせ物
下下下下
食食食食物
農農物農食未農
製製製製製製製
建建建建建製
林林製製
(万トン)
未未未
未未
unutilizedutilized
Animal WasteSewage
Waste FoodsAgricultural Waste
Waste from SawmillsScrapped Houses
Woods Left in Forests
unit : 10,000 ton
主なバババババの未未未未(バイオマス・ニッポン総合戦略(平成18年3月31日)をもとに作成)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
家家家せせ物
下下下下
食食食食物
農農物農食未農
製製製製製製製
建建建建建製
林林製製
(万トン)
未未未
未未
unutilizedutilized
Animal WasteSewage
Waste FoodsAgricultural Waste
Waste from SawmillsScrapped Houses
Woods Left in Forests
unit : 10,000 ton
Unutilized Biomass Energies
Data from Biomass Japan Comprehensive Strategy (March, 2006)
13
Bio Fuel• Bio Fuel has been already in use in USA and Brazil.• EU and USA have high numerical target.
Demand & Supply of Bio Ethanol (2006)(Total Product in the World:around 51 million kl)
0
1000
2000
万kl
アメリカ ブラジル 中国 EU インド 韓国 日本0
1000
2000
万kl
アメリカ ブラジル 中国 EU インド 韓国 日本
生産(国内消費)
生産(輸出)
輸入
生産(国内消費)
生産(輸出)
輸入
Produce(domestic consumption)produce (export)
import
USA Brazil China EU India Korea Japan
10,000 kl
0
1000
2000
万kl
アメリカ ブラジル 中国 EU インド 韓国 日本0
1000
2000
万kl
アメリカ ブラジル 中国 EU インド 韓国 日本
生産(国内消費)
生産(輸出)
輸入
生産(国内消費)
生産(輸出)
輸入
Produce(domestic consumption)produce (export)
import
USA Brazil China EU India Korea Japan
10,000 kl
×10,000kl
14
Target of Renewable Energy10% of Primary Energy Supply is the target by Economic Growth Strategy.
4.7%
7.4%
10%
15
Predict of Renewable Energy Installation
6 7
32
17
19
2
7
22
0.80.7
0.7
0.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2007 2020
Oil
Equ
ival
ent
mill
ion k
L
Photovoltaic
Wind Power
Hydraulic
Geothermal
Biomass Electricity
Biomass Heat
Other Heat
Installation of Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy / Prim ary Energy Supply (2007)
3.2
7.9
6.8 6.7 6.9
2.1
4.7
0.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
Japan G enm any Italy France Spain UK USA Korea
(%)
(Data) IEA 2007
16
Installation of Renewable Energy
(Data) IEA 2007
Renewable Electricity / Total Electricity G eneration (2007)
8.8
14.215.5
11.8
19.5
5.0
8.3
1.1
0
5
10
15
20
Japan G enm any Italy France Spain UK USA Korea
(%)
17
Policies on Renewables
Subjects and Measures on Renewables
• Climate condition, Geometrical restriction→ best practice for each area
• High cost→ R&D, Demand expansion
• Instability, Influence on distribution systems→ Energy management to stabilize the networks
• Global competition→ R&D, Standardization, develop new market
19
Geometrical RestrictionRenewable Energy suitable for each area should be concerned.METI has supported many towns to make plans for new energies.
(kWh/kW)
1,000以上 1,100未満900以上 1,000未満900未満
1,100以上
(kWh/kW)
1,000以上 1,100未満900以上 1,000未満900未満
1,100以上
(Source) New Energy Foundation
Wind Velocity Output by photovoltaic system
(Source) NEDO
1,100~1,000~1,100900~1,000~900
20
100 Advanced & Excellent Local New & Renewable Sigh ts
21
★★★★Maniwa CityIzumo City
★★★★Kitakyushu City
Genkai Town
Nagasaki Pref.
Sapporo City
Yamanashi Pref.
★★★★Rokkasho Vil.
Ohta City
★★★★Ibaraki Pref.
★★★★Aichi Pref.
★★★★Goboh City
Anan City
Ohmuta City
Miyagi Pref.
Sumoto City
Kitahiroshima Town
Itoman City
Miyakojima City
Tonosho TownKumamoto Pref.
Gifu Pref.
Mie Pref.
Ohita Pref.
Higashiohmi City
Osaka Pref.Fukushima Pref.
Niigata Pref.
Next Generation Energy Park
certified by 2008certified in 2009planning
22
Cost for Renewable EnergiesRenewable Energies are expensive (especially, Photovoltaic).
C om parison of the C ost (Exam ple)
0
10
20
30
40
50
PV W indPower
Hydraulic Biom ass LNGTherm al
Nuclear
yen/
kWh
23
太陽光発電システムの累積導入量と価格の推移
617170686667697175
8493
107106120
170
200
370
137.4
155.4
262.8
214.4
191.9
170.9
142.2
113.2
86.0
63.7
45.233.0
20.913.3
9.16.04.33.12.4
217.1
174.2
112.0
85.9
62.1
43.028.0
18.911.55.73.31.30.60.20
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
万円/kW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
万kW
1kW当たりの導入価格(小数点以下切り捨て)
全導入量(累計)
住宅用太陽光発電導入量(累計)
Is the Cost Reduced ?The cost for PV system is not easily reduced recently.
Syst
em P
rice
(incl
. BO
S co
st) (
10,0
00 y
en/k
W)
Cum
ulat
ive
Inst
alla
tion
Volu
me
(10
MW
)
Cumulative Installation and System Price
System Price (10 thousand yen per kW) Installation (residence)Installation (total)
24
• Concerning with the wind, hydraulic and geothermal power plants, low cost locations are developed in advance. The construction cost will become higher in future.
• The cost for local environmental protections is also increasing recently.
→ The cost reduction by R&D and the demand expansion is expected.
Is the Cost Reduced ?
25
PV Cost Reduction Scenario by R&D
26
R&D• Methods to estimate the performance and the safety of small sized
wind turbines• Wind velocity measurement (remote sensing technology) and
technologies against lightning to improve the efficiency• Noise reduction technology for social acceptances
27
Development of OffshoreThe offshore wind turbine has been developed since 2009.
Image
28
R&D on Biomass Energy
• Bio-ethanol Production from Celluloses
• Biomass to Gas/Liquid
• Combustion of Unutilized Biomass in Coal Thermal Power Plant
29
for Residencefor Residence for Institutionfor Institution
Subsidies
Photovoltaic70,000 yen/kW(system under 650,000 yen/kW)
Fuel Cell1.3 million yen for 1 unit
All the New Energiesnon profit bodies etc.
half of installation costcompanies
1/3 of installation cost
Taxations
Photovoltaic・Tax Reduction for Home・Loan and for Reform to
save the energy
All the New Energies7% Tax Reduction(Small & Medium Entities)
or Special Depreciation
Incentives (Subsidies and Taxations)
Measures for Deployment
30
Results of RPS Act
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(fiscal year)(100GhW/year)
W ind PV M icro Hydro Biom ass O thers
Renewables Portfolio Standards ActG oal & Target of Renewable Electricity
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
(fiscal year)
(100GWh/year)
G oal
Target
Measures for Demand ExpansionElectric utilities have to use renewable electricity by RPS Act.
31
Measures for DeploymentExcess Electricity Purchasing Scheme for PV started last November.Enlargement of the scheme is under consideration.
Installer : Electricity User
Government
LocalGovernment
ElectricPower
Company
ElectricityUser
Cost forPurchasing
(PV Surcharge)
about double of current electricity
selling price
Purchasing Fee
Excess Electricity Electricity
SubsidyTax Incentive
32
.
Enlargement of the Scheme
Ideas (Optional Cases) by METI
• Enlargement of the scheme to every renewable electricity is under consideration at METI’s task force.
• Ideas in which every renewable electricity (except PV) is purchased at 15~20 yen/kWh for 15~20 years are submitted by METI.
• The outline of the reformation will be published this summer.
CaseCaseA.A.
Range of Range of R.E.R.E.
B.B.Purchasing of Purchasing of
Electricity by PVElectricity by PV
C.C.Purchasing Purchasing
from Old from Old FacilityFacility
D.D.Purchasing RatePurchasing Rate
(yen/kWh)(yen/kWh)
E.E.Length of Length of
PurchasingPurchasing(years)(years)
Cumulative Cumulative InstallationInstallation
(GW)(GW)
Electric Electric generationgeneration(TWh/year)(TWh/year)
COCO22ReductionReduction
(million ton)(million ton)
Cost for COCost for CO22ReductionReduction(yen/ton)(yen/ton)
Cost for Cost for PurchasingPurchasing
(billion (billion yen/year)yen/year)
11 A1every R.E. B1
every electricity
C1every facility
D1 one price for every R.E.
E320 years 38~ 51~ 31~ ~52,297 1608~
33A2
every available
R.E.
C2restricted to
newly constructed
facilities
20
E3/E2
20 years32~38 40~51 24~31 25,743~
28,854613~88715 15 years
44B2
excess electricity in
case of residences
20 20 years32~35 40~48 24~29 19,407~
21,798462~62915 15 years
55 D2individually
E215 years 31 40 24 20,596 491
33
~~~~~~~~1010kWkW 1010~~~~~~~~500500kWkW 500500kWkW~~~~~~~~
Residenceexcess ratio : 60% in ave.
purchasing excess electricity at 48 yen per kWh +
Non-residenceexcess ratio : 10 ~~~~20%
For Business
Enlargement of the Scheme (for PV)Enlargement for the business utilities or large size plants ?Revision for the non-residential PV ?→ expand the installation by non-residence and the thin film solar market
out of the obligation
purchasing excess electricity at 24 yen per kWh+
Current Scheme for PV Excess Electricity Purchasing
+ in case of using gas generators, the purchasing price is in principle 39 yen/kWh for the system under 10kW, 20 yen/kWh for the system over 10kW.
34
20202009Non-residence
20%Non-residence
20%
28 GW
3 GW
Grid ParityGrid Parity
Newly Starting Purchasing Scheme
Newly Starting Purchasing SchemeResidence
80%(450 thousand)
Residence 80%
(450 thousand)
Non-residence20%
Non-residence20%
Residence 70%
Residence 70%
Goal of PV Installation
35
Type of Products in JapanDemand for Thin Film Type (A-Silicon, CIS) should be increased.
Products in JapanOthersAmorphous SiliconMono CrystalPolycrystalline
10MW
(Data) JPEA
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
36
Energy Management
Policies on Energy Management
• In the wide spread of renewable energies, the network stability control is necessary.
• Energy Management by the combination of conventional energies (electricity, gas, oil), new energies and energy saving technologies is important to cut the CO2 emission.
• Similar ideas are seen in many countries and areas.
→→→→ R&D, Verification research, Standardization,Demand expansion, Overseas expansion
38
Influence on Grids• By the deployment of PV, unstable outputs may affect the grids.• Energy Management Systems using storage batteries will be important
to stabilize the grids.
20202010
28 GW
3 GW
10 GW
Deployment of PV will affect the gridsDeployment of PV will affect the grids
Goal of PV Deployment
39
Influence on GridsVoltage of the distribution lines will go up by the residential PVs.
Substation
voltage
Distance from Substation
Influence byInverse Flow
Normal Flow
Load LoadLoad Load Load
voltage
Output Control
Normal FlowElectric Power Company → Consumer
Inverse FlowElectric Power Company ← Consumer
Transformer
Residence
Substation
voltage
Distance from Substation
Influence byInverse Flow
Normal Flow
Load LoadLoad Load Load
voltage
Output Control
Normal FlowElectric Power Company → Consumer
Inverse FlowElectric Power Company ← Consumer
Transformer
Residence
40
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0時 6時 12時 18時
晴れ
晴れ→曇り
雨
太陽光発電の出力変動
6 a.m. noon 6 p.m.
sunnycloudyrain
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0時 6時 12時 18時
晴れ
晴れ→曇り
雨
太陽光発電の出力変動
6 a.m. noon 6 p.m.
sunnycloudyrain
Measures for the output fluctuation and the surplus electricity caused by the residential PV systems will be also required.
Surplus ElectricityPV Output Fluctuation
Influence on Grids
midnight
Nuclear
Hydraulic Power
Wind Power
Photovolataic
Thermal PowerHydro
0 noon 6 p.m.6 a.m.
需要火力最低出力
Hydro
Surplus ElectricitySurplus ElectricityDemmandMinimum Output of Thermal
midnight
Nuclear
Hydraulic Power
Wind Power
Photovolataic
Thermal PowerHydro
0 noon 6 p.m.6 a.m.
需要火力最低出力
Hydro
Surplus ElectricitySurplus ElectricityDemmandMinimum Output of Thermal
41
The cost to stabilize grids are estimated 0.14~5.7 billion yen by 2020.PV Output Control, EV Charge and Heat Pumps will be able to reduce the cost (= the volume of storage batteries).
Generationby PV
StorageStorageBatteriesBatteries
Generationby PV
StorageStorageBatteriesBatteries
Generationby PV
StorageStorageBatteriesBatteries
PV OutputRestraint
SurplusElectricity
PV OutputRestraint
EV Charge
Output Control Pattern on Specific Day
Measures for Grid Stabilization
cut the costcut the cost
42
Ohta City, Gunma (553 houses)
Measures for Grid StabilizationConcentrated installations on residential roof tops has been tested.
43
The stability control by storage batteries attached to the wind power plant has been verified. Efficiency of the plant has been improved.
t
kWh StableStable
kWh
t
UnstableUnstable
Measures for Grid Stabilization
44
Measures for Grid StabilizationLarge scale PV plants connected to electricity distribution systems are demonstrated.
Wakkanai Site, Hokkaido (5MW) Hokuto Site, Yamanashi (2MW)
45
Energy Management System
PV Output ControlPV Output ControlPV Output ControlPV Output Control
Batteries for CommunitiesBatteries for CommunitiesBatteries for CommunitiesBatteries for Communities Batteries for Networks Batteries for Networks Batteries for Networks Batteries for Networks
Storage BatteriesStorage BatteriesStorage BatteriesStorage Batteries
Fuel CellCo-generation Battery
Solar Heat
Photovoltaic
Wind Power Large Scale Solar
storage by midnight electricitystorage by midnight electricitystorage by midnight electricitystorage by midnight electricity
TroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroublesTroubles
SurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplusSurplus
FluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuationFluctuation
PhotovoltaicEV
Energy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak Sift
Energy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingEnergy SavingPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak SiftPeak Sift
Stabilization of NetworksStabilization of NetworksStabilization of NetworksStabilization of Networks
Reinforcement ofReinforcement ofReinforcement ofReinforcement ofDistribution SystemsDistribution SystemsDistribution SystemsDistribution Systems
Renewable & BatteryRenewable & BatteryRenewable & BatteryRenewable & Battery(weather forecast is important)(weather forecast is important)(weather forecast is important)(weather forecast is important)
Renewable Energy, Energy Saving Technology, Storage Battery and Information & Communication Technology will play important rolls.
Battery
46
Energy Management SystemEnergy managements in houses and buildings are possible.
ElectricAppliances
A.C 100V,200V
reverse stream((((restrain the stream ))))
D.C
photovoltaicphotovoltaic
forecast the demands,storage by night electricity
((((peak shift ))))Electric Vehicle
small sized wind turbinesolar thermal
Heat
ICT Device
D.C (ex. 6V,12V,24V)
Fuel Cell
D.C 100V,200VBattery
Energy Management System
remove AC/DC Converter((((energy saving ))))
47
Standalone Type
• from “selling to grids” to “minimum influence on grids” by energy management technologies
• for example, the commercialization of “standalone type PV system with storage battery” will be expected by many areas
48
Storage Battery
Importance of Storage Battery
• Storage batteries are key components for Energy Management Systems. (essential for the deployment of renewable energies, effective for peak shift)
• Storage batteries are key devices for electric appliances and next generation vehicles, etc.
• The related industry has a chance to become one of the major industries.
50
Policies on Storage Batteries
• International Competition and Collaboration
• Cost Reduction
• Performance Improvement
→→→→ R&D, Standardization, Demand Expansion
51
Market Share of Storage BatteriesJapanese manufactures have high market share in various batteries.
(Source) ITI, METI
W orld M arket Share of Storage Batteries
100
74
51 57
22
4113
17
4 8 13
NAS NiH NiC d Li-ion
O thers
Korea
C hina
Japan
52
Market Share of Materials for BatteriesJapanese companies also have high market share in materials for hybrid vehicle batteries.
M aterials for Hybrid Vehicle BatteryShare by Japanese M anufactures
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Positive
Electrode
Negative
Electrode
Electrolyte
Separater
Positive
Electrode
Active
Material
Negative
Electrode
Li-ion NiH
53
Global CompetitionKorean and Chinese manufactures increase their sales volume.
(Source) ITI, NEDO
1 SANYO G roup(Japan) 1 SANYO G roup(Japan)
2 SO NY(Japan) 2 Samsun SDI(Korea)
3 Samsun SDI(Korea) 3 SO NY(Japan)
4 Panasonic(Japan) 4 BYD(China)
4 BYD(China) 5 LG Chemical(Korea)
6 LG Chemical(Korea) 6 BAK(China)
7 天天天天(China) 7 Panasonic(Japan)
8 NEC Tohkin(Japan) 8 Hitachi M axell(Japan)
9 Hitachi M axell(Japan) 9 ATL(Hongkong)
W orld M arket Share of Li-ion Battery
2005 2008
World Market Share of Li-ion Battery
54
Current Situation of Storage BatteryThe improvement of the price and the performance is important.
ex. Goal of R&D for EV Battery by 2015Cost : 1/7, Performance : 3/2 (compared to current level)
Characteristics of Various Batteries (sample)
PbPb NASNAS NiNi--HH LiLi--ionion
Energy Density (Wh/kg) 35 110 60 120
Efficiency (%) 86.8 87.4 90 95
Life Cycle 4500 4500 2000 3500
Cost for kW (1,000 yen) 150 240 100 200
Cost for kWh (1,000 yen) 50 25 100 200
55
Is the Cost Reduced ?The price of the battery is not easily reduced recently.
Sales Trend of Li-ion Storage Battery
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1996 98 2000 02 04 06
yen
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Price (yen)<Left Axis>
Sales Volum e(Unit:m illion)<Right Axis>
Sales Am ount(Unit:billion yen)<Right Axis>
56
Deploym ent of Hybrid Vehicles(Sales per Year )
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
thousand
EU
Japan
USA
C um ulative Deploym ent of EV(Japan)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1993 1998 2003 2008
fiscal year
thousand
Is the Cost Reduced ?Although the sales volume of hybrid vehicles is increasing, the deployment of EV has stopped recently in Japan.
57
Budget for Storage Battery
FY2010FY2010 FY2009FY2009
Fundamental R&D 3.0 3.0
R&D on Automotive Batteries 2.5 2.6
Battery for Stabilization of Network 0.8 1.7
Battery for Large Scale Solar Plant 0.2 2.0
Battery with Various Appliances 4.3
Subsidy for Installation of EV,etc. 13.7 4.3
Budget for Storage Batteries
Unit : billion yen
58
Formation for Fundamental Research of Innovative Battery
R&D on Storage BatteryR&D on innovative fundamental technologies has been started under the collaboration between industries and universities since 2009.
59
New EV Boom ?Japan experienced EV booms several times.New boom has come ?
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
60
One Example …A “Rescue EV” is demonstrated in Niigata Prefecture.
61
Characteristics of EVEV is thought to be used for short mileage & small car.
Size of Vehicle
Mileage
largesmall
short
long
Electric VehicleElectric Vehicle
Hybrid VehicleHybrid Vehicle
Range ExtenderRange Extender Fuel Cell Vehicle
CNG Vehicle
62
Conclusion
• Policy on Renewable Energy– Support to local governments– R&D, Standardization– Deployment
• Incentives, FIT
• Energy Management System & Storage Battery– R&D, Standardization– Deployment
• Demonstrations, Incentives
63
FY2010FY2010
BudgetBudgetFY2009FY2009
Supplemental BudgetSupplemental Budget
Deployment (Subsidy)
Subsidy for Installation of Residential Photovoltaic System 40.1 22.0
Subsidy for Purchasing of Clean Energy Vehicle 13.7
Subsidy for Installation of Residential Fuel Cell 6.8 2.0
Subsidy for Installation of New Energy (non-residence) 34.5 16.1
Research and Development
Photovoltaic 6666.4444 0000.9999
Innovative Photovoltaic Cells 1.9 0.9
R&D on Next Generation High Efficiency Solar Cell 4.1
Wind Power 2222.6666
Off Shore Wind Power Technologies 2.3
Bio Energy 6666.2222
Bio-ethanol Production System from Celluloses 1.9
Storage Battery 10101010.6666
R&D for Scientific Innovation on New Generation Batteries 3.0
Research on Storage Batteries with Various Appliances 4.3
Fuel Cell 10101010.7777 0000.3333
Support for Start-up Business on New Energy 1111.6666
unit : billion yen
Budget for New & Renewable Energy134 billion yen for FY 2010 Budget
64
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