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<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide1 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Submission Title: [Study of mm wave propagation modeling to realize WPANs ]
Date Submitted: [January 2004]Revised:Source: [Toshiyuki Hirose, Akira Akeyama*, Kouichi Sakamoto**, Ami Kanazawa***] Company [Siemens k.k., *NTT Advanced Technology Corp, ** Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. ***Communications Research Laboratory ]
Address [20-14, Higashi-Gotanda 3-Chome Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8641, Japan] Voice [+81(3) 5423-8855], E-mail [toshiyuki.hirose@siemens.com]
Re: [Millimeter wave propagation characteristics]
Abstract: [60GHz-band Propagation characteristics are presented in this document ]
Purpose: [Contribute to mm wave interest group for WPANs]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual or organization. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide2 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
The following individuals support this proposal as co-authors:Akira AKEYAMA (NTT Advanced Technology Corp.)Kouichi SAKAMOTO (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Ami Kanazawa (Communications Research Laboratory)
Study of mm wave propagation modelingⅢto realize WPANs
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide3 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
60GHz-Band is expected to realize a very high rate transmission system. In this document, 60 to 70GHz propagation characteristics are presented for the promotion of new system proposals. Overview of propagation modeling was presented as Doc.: IEEE802. 15-03/0365 in Singapore meeting and Doc.: IEEE802. 15-03/0458 in Albuquerque. In this document,more detail informationare presented.
Content
■ Complex permittivity of construction materials
■ Correlation bandwidth
■ Shadowing durations & attenuation
This measurement results are a summary of the experimental works done in a collaboration research project for Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc communication in YRP.
Study of mm wave propagation modelingto realize WPANs
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide4 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Complex permittivity of construction materials
To determine the value of complex permittivity, reflection characteristics was measured. For several materials, measurement of transparency coefficient was done to calculate more accurate complex permittivity. In this contribution, Experimental results and calculation results are presented.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide5 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
To calculate the reflection and transmission characteristics from/through the building material, the complex permittivity of construction materials are indispensable.
Radius1 1m
θθ
Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna
Adjuster
Absorber
Incident Angle Wooden made Arch
Styrene Foam
Reference Plane
Material under Test
θ
Reflection coefficient measuring system
Complex permittivity of construction materials
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide6 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Measuring parameter Specification/Condition
Distance 1m
Polarization Linear TE/TM
Incident angle 5º to 80º every 5º
Frequency 62GHz/70GHz
Measuring tool Network analyzer, etc
Measuring reference Al board (1.0m×1.0m×3.0mm)
Measuring parameter & Characteristic of horn antenna
AntennaFrequency
AntennaGain(dBi)
Beam width
E-Polarity H-Polarity
62GHz 29.8 5.5º 6.0º
70GHz 30.7 4.9º 5.4º
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide7 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Construction Material Seize(length×width×thicknes)
A Glass (Normal type) 1.0m×1.0m×6mm
B Glass (Infrared absorption type) 1.0m×1.0m×6mm
C Glass (Infrared reflection type) 1.0m×1.0m×6mm
D Glass (with wire netting) 1.0m×1.0m×6.8mm
E Plaster board (Wall) 1.8m×0.9m×12.5mm
F Plaster board (Ceiling) 1.0m×1.0m×9.5mm
G Marble(Bianco carrara) 1.0m×1.0m×19.6mm
H Granite (Caledonia) 1.0m×1.0m×25.3mm
I Granite (Zimbabwe black) 1.0m×1.0m×26.2mm
J Lawn of grass (Dry) 0.5m×0.5m×30mm
K Lawn of grass (Wet) 0.6m×0.6m×30mm
Construction materials and SizeThose materials and size are common for Reflection measurement and Transparency measurement
Number A to I are Materials for interior decoration
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide8 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Reflection C
oeffic
ient
TE
TM
TE (theory)
TM (theory)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Reflection C
oeffic
ient
TE
TM
TE (theory)
TM (theory)
Plaster board (Ceiling material)
Glass (Normal)
Reflection Coefficient of Glass & Plaster Board
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide9 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Reflection C
oeffic
ient
TETMTE (theory)TM (theory)
Marble Bianco carrara
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Reflection C
oeffic
ient
TE
TM
TE (theory)
TM (theory)
Granite Caledonia
Reflection Coefficient of Marble Bianco carrara & Granite Caledonia
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide10 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Reflection Coefficient of Wet lawn(Effective value)
00.1
0.20.3
0.40.5
0.60.7
0.80.9
1
0 20 40 60 80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Reflection C
oeff
icie
nt TE
TM
TE (theory)
TM (theory)
Measured values and estimated result for wet lawn (70GHz)
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide11 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
MaterialCoefficient
62GHz 70GHz
A Glass (Normal type) 0.674 0.674B Glass (Infrared absorption type) 0.609 0.666C Glass (Infrared reflection type) 0.647 0.678D Glass (with wire netting) 0.647 0.591E Plaster board (Wall) 0.848 0.810F Plaster board (Ceiling) 0.861 0.828
Transparency Coefficient
On the condition of antennas aligned in vertical and 2m distance, Transparency was measured as comparison with free space loss. Materials are A to F.
Transmitter Receiver
Materials
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide12 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Complex permittivity
Construction Material 62GHz 70GHzA Glass (Normal type) 6.24-0.17i 6.16-0.13iB Glass (Infrared absorption type) 6.43-0.15i 6.45-0.16iC Glass (Infrared reflection type) 6.30-0.15i 6.14-1.67iD Glass (with wire netting) 6.08-1.27i 6.25-0.17iE Plaster board (Wall) 2.17-0.01i 2.66-0.02iF Plaster board (Ceiling) 2.48-0.03i 2.43-0.04iG Marble(Bianco carrara) 7.90-0.05i 7.40-0.04iH Granite (Caledonia) 4.85-1.42i 4.49-1.29iI Granite (Zimbabwe black) 6.75-0.52i 7.00-0.50iJ Lawn of grass (Dry) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006iK Lawn of grass (Wet) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i
A-F: Actual value calculated by Reflection coefficient and Transparency coefficient
G-K: Effective value calculated by only Reflection coefficient
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide13 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
There are three types of materials in measurement.① Large influence by back-surface reflection such as Glass,
Plaster board and Marble.- Results show the complicated trace
② Small influence by back-surface reflection such as Granite- Results show very simple trace
③ Small reflection from front surface such as lawn.- Results show similar traces for TE and TM mode.Variation between wet and dry conditions is negligible.
Conclusion of Complex permittivity
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide14 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Correlation bandwidth
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide15 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Outline of test site for Correlation band width measurement
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
ドア
送信側受信側
窓側
壁側
窓側
Receiver Transmitter
Wall
Window
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide16 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Definition of Correlation bandwidth
( ) ( )exp( 2 )hf p j f dρ τ π τ τ+∞
−∞∆ = − ∆∫
20.5 ( )Bρ= ∆
Correlation bandwidth is defined by Frequency correlation function
Table 1. Parameters for experiment.
1 mAntenna Height
V, HPolarization15 deg, 30 deg, 60 deg3 dB beam width22 dBi, 16 dBi, 10 dBiAntenna Gain
Wave Guide HornAntenna
2 dBmTransmission power
3 GHzMeasured bandwidth62.5GHz, 70GHzFrequency
HP8510CMeasurement equipment
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide17 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Distance - Correlation bandwidth characteristic
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 2 3 4 5
距離(m)
相関
帯域
幅(H
z)
60V6015
60V6030
60V6060
60H6015
60H6030
60H6060
Cor
rela
tion
band
wid
th(M
Hz)
Distance m
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 2 3 4 5
距離(m)
相関
帯域
幅(H
z)
70V6015
70V6030
70V6060
70H6015
70H6030
70H6060
Cor
rela
tion
band
wid
th(M
Hz)
Distance m
60GHz 70GHz
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide18 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Angle difference from Antenna axis - correlation bandwidth
3.E+08
4.E+08
5.E+08
6.E+08
7.E+08
8.E+08
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35到来波角度(deg)
相対
帯域
幅(H
z)
70v6
70h6送信側
受信側
回転台
回転台操作
ドア
窓側
壁側
窓側
3m
送信側受信側
回転台
回転台操作
ドア
窓側
壁側
窓側
ドア
窓側
壁側
窓側
3m
Turn Table
Incident Angle
Cor
rela
tion
band
wid
th
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide19 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Correlation bandwidth in LOS/NLOS environment
18m 14m 10m
7m
5m 3m 2m 1m
3m
7m
10m14m18m
Tx ant
Desk side
Rx ant
Rx antTx ant
Passage side
Outline of test site for correlation bandwidth
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide20 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
60G LOS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 5 10 15 20
Distance(m)
Cohere
nt
bandw
idth
(M
Hz)
Rx 15°
Rx30°
Rx60°
60G Non-LOS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 5 10 15 20
Distance(m)
Cohere
nt
bandw
idth
(M
Hz)
Rx 15°
Rx30°
Rx60°
Correlation bandwidth results in LOS/NLOS environment
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide21 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
70G 見通し内
-Continue -
70G 見通し外
距離(m)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 5 10 15 20
距離(m)
Cohere
nt
bandw
idth
(MH
z)
Rx 15°
Rx30°
Rx60°
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 5 10 15 20
Cohere
nt
bandw
idth
(M
Hz)
Rx 15°
Rx30°
Rx60°
Distance Distance70GHz LOS 70GHz Non LOS
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide22 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
60G 15° 30° 60°
3m 700MHz 700MHz 200MHz
70G 15° 30° 60°3m 700MHz 680MHz 200MHz
Conclusion of Correlation bandwidth
Assuming the transmitter antenna beam width as 60 degrees and communication distance 3m, Correlation bandwidth by Antenna beam width can be obtained up to several 100MHz
The value varied by Angle difference of antenna axis.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide23 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
A Study on Shadowing Characteristics
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide24 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Agenda of Shadowing Characteristics
1. Characteristics of shadowing effect- Measurement procedure and scenery- Measurement results
2.Characteristics of human movement- Measurement outline- Investigation results
3.Proposal for estimation of shadowing duration4.Conclusions
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide25 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Measurement Procedure
Measurement layout in the exhibition hall
The width of hall : 22m x 13m
(Wooden inner walls)Exhibition Booth
Rx Antenna Tx Ant.
3.3m10.8m 7.3m
ht
d
Tx AntennaRx Antenna
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide26 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Measurement Scenery
The exhibition hall scenery
LoS path
h=2.05m
h=1.05m
h=2.05m
h=1.05m
Transmitting Antenna
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide27 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Parameter for experiment
Measurement Parameter
22dBiAntenna GainWave Guide HornAntenna
VerticalPolarization15degrees3dB beam width
1.05mRx1.05m, 2.05mTxAntenna Height
3.3m, 7.3m, 10.8m
70GHz
Distance
Frequency
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide28 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Cumulative Probability Distributions of Relative Signal
The averaged data of each propagation distance was described in this figure.
The result of cumulative probability distributions showsa strong consistency between the data of 1.05m and 2.05m.
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.01.115
102030507080909599
99.999.99
ht=1.05mht=2.05mAveraged
Relative level (dB)
Cum
ulat
ive
prob
abili
ty (%
) Frequency:70.0GHzhr:1.05md:3.3m, 7.3m, 10.8mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide29 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
d=3.3md=7.3md=10.8m
Ave
rage
d sh
adow
ing
dura
tions
(s)
Attenuation level (dB)
Frequency:70.0GHzht:2.05m, hr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical
The Variation of Averaged Shadowing DurationsShadowing duration becomes longer in 3.3mpath in comparison with other paths.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide30 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
d=3.3md=7.3md=10.8mAveraged
Ave
rage
d sh
adow
ing
dura
tions
(s)
Attenuation level (dB)
Frequency:70.0GHzht:1.05m, 2.05mhr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical
The Variation of Averaged Shadowing Durations
0.52s
All data was included when transmitting antenna height was set at 1m and 2m ,respectively.
The averaged shadowing duration decreasedgradually with an increase in attenuation level.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide31 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Characteristics of Human Movement
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide32 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Outline of Investigation
- It is necessary to make clear not only the averagedshadowing duration but also the characteristics of human movement in the actual environment.
-estimate the total amount of shadowing durationper hour
- We investigated characteristics of human movementin the two offices of different sizes .
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide33 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Measurement Procedure
★
Path A
Path B
-The width of office : 12m x 13m
-Observed time:08:30~17:00
(2days , 2 offices)
A sample layout of the number of shadowing events
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide34 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Characteristics of the Number of Shadowing Events Per Hour
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
measured dataN=260Dp
The
num
ber
of sh
adow
ing
even
ts p
er h
our
(N
)
Density of population per one square meter ( Dp)
Regression curve
N=260Dp0.05 < Dp < 0.08
Lunch time
The N increased gradually in proportion with Dp.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide35 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Relation Between Level Attenuation and the Number of Persons
All measured data at each distance and heightare included.
0
20
40
60
800 1 2 3 4 5
ht=1.05mht=2.05mAveraged
Att
enua
tion
leve
l (dB
)
Frequency:70.0GHzht:1.05m, 2.05mhr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical
An attenuation level increase withthe number of persons.
Received level hardly attenuatedeven if persons exist on propagation path.(ht = 2.0m)
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide36 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Regression Curve
Lossshadowing=0.43+39.1log(x+1)
Lossshadowing:shadowing loss relative to the free space level
x : the number of persons in the LoS path
0≦x≦5
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide37 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Proposal for Estimation of Total Amount of Shadowing Durations
-Tsd is expressed as follow
Tsd = Ts_ave × NTsd : total amount of shadowing duration per hourTs_ave : averaged shadowing durationN : the number of shadowing event per hour
- Tsd can be estimated using relation of N and Dp,function of attenuation level.
Tsd = f(LATT) × 260×DpTs_ave : function of attenuation level (Slide30)Dp : density of population (Slide34)
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide38 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
Conclusion-Relation between attenuation level andaveraged shadowing duration were investigated. - Attenuation = 10dB : Shadowing duration is 0.52 s. - Attenuation = 20dB : Shadowing duration is 0.25 s.
- Total amount of shadowing duration per hour - We proposed that it was estimated by using
attenuation level and density of population. - Experimental formula was proposed.
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide39 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
[1]T.Suzuki, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(9)RMS Delay Measurements In Indoor Radio Channels-“TSMMW2002,p-9(2002-03)
[2]N.Sakamoto, et al, “Indoor propagation Experiment at 60GHz and 70GHz-A study of propagation characteristic in an office environment-“ TECNICAL REPORT OF IEICE.RCS2002-3001,pp157-162(2003-03)
[3]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(4) (4)Receiving Power Time Variation Characteristics in 70GHz Band Indoor Propagation–“ TSMMW2003,2-4,(2003-03)
[4]F.Ohkubo, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(5)Statistical characteristic of shadowing loss due to human movement –“ TSMMW2003,2-5,(2003-03)
[5]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(8)60GHz Band propagation Loss Characteristics Along the Surface of Wooden/Metallic Desk Planes-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)
[6]T.Hirose, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(7) Strict Solution of Fresnel Zone Radius and Visibility Estimation-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)
Reference
<January.2004> Doc.:IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi
Submission Slide40 <Toshiyuki Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>
[7]A.Akeyama, et al, “Propagation Characteristics in Indoor Environments” 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology (TCWCT2003)
[8] A. Kanazawa, D. Ushiki, and H. Ogawa, "Practical Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System", WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 507-511, Oct. 2003.
[9] A. Kanazawa, N. Sakamoto, and H. Ogawa, "Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System in a train", WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 512-516, Oct. 2003.
[10] F. Ohkubo, N. Ida, A. Akiyama, A. Kanazawa, H, Ogawa, “A Study on Shadowing Characteristics in Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless Access System” ClimDiff 2003
Fortaleza Brazil, Statistical and Fundamental Modeling of Radio wave Propagation in Wireless Systems Diff.22 1-7, Nov. 2003
[11] A. Kanazawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sakamoto, S. Tago, F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, N. Kuribayashi, and T. Hirose, "Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Construction Materials at 62 GHz and 70 GHz",IEICE, Vol.J87-B, No.3, To be published at Mar. 2004.
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