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Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from
agriculture in Poland
Jerzy Karlowski
Institute for Building, Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, Poznan Branch
2
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Acknowledgement:
This presentation is based on a paper „Ammonia emissions in Poland: Inventory, projections, uncertainities” by T. Kuczynski, U. Dämmgen, Z. Klimont, K. Kreis-Tomczak, A. Myczko and O. Slobodzian-Ksenicz, „Emissions from European Agriculture”, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2005.
3
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Methodologies used for estimating GHG emissions
• Methodologies used in Poland are:– Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG
Inventories– Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2003– Worksheets for the construction of emission
inventories, that is a result of project GAS-EM - GASeous EMissions from Agriculture, elaborated by: Ulrich Dämmgen, Manfred Lüttich, Helmut Döhler, Brigitte Eurich Menden, Bernhard Osterburg.
4
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories was recommended by Ministry of Environment for assessing emissions from all economic sectors:– Energy (fuel combustions)– Industry (metallurgy, minerals incl. cement and
lime production, chemicals incl. fertilizers)– Agriculture incl. animals, crops, soils, land use,
forestry• IBMER prepared two reports:
– „Detailed Investigations of Methane and Dinitrogen Oxide Emissions from Enteric Fermentation and from Animal Excreta”.
– Strategies of Reduction of Dinitrogen Oxide Emissions from Agriculture until 2020”.
5
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
• MS Excel worksheets for the construction of emission inventories developed by U. Dämmgen et al. were used for the calculation of ammonia emission using the simpler and detailed methodologies. The detailed methodologies often require specific data which have not been available for agricultural production in Poland.
• Ammonia calculations concern all groups of animals which are bred in Poland. The numbers of animals and other data are taken from the Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland.
6
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
1990 1995 2000 2002ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000)
Total agricultural area 18 720
17 934
17 812
16 899
Total area of arable land 14 388
13 886
13 683
13 067
Total area of meadows 2 475
2 272
2 503
2 253
Total area of pastures 1 585
1 498
1 369
1 030
Total area of orchards 272
278
257
271
Table 1. The structure of agricultural areas for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.
7
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Structure of agricultural areas in 2002
13%
77%
6% 2%
Total area of arable land Total area of meadow s
Total area of pastures Total area of orchards
8
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
1990 1995 2000 2002
Plant production area ha (x 1000) ha (x 1000) ha x (1000) ha (x 1000)
Wheat 2 281 2 407 2 635 2 414
Rye 2 314 2 452 2 130 1 560
Winter barley 192 187 137 178
Spring barley 982 861 959 873
Oats 747 595 566 605
Triticale 749 616 695 944
Maize for grain 59 48 152 319
Maize for silage 325 133 162 196
Rape 500 606 437 439
Sugar beet 440 384 333 303
Potatoes 1 835 1 522 1 251 803
Cereal mixed for grain 1 169 1 366 1 478 1 365
Buckwheat and millet 38 39 62 36
Other 2 611 1 676 1 411 729
Total plant production area 14 242 12 892 12 408 10 764
Table 2. The structure of crops in Poland for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.
9
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Animal category 1990 1995 2000 2002
(x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000)
Calves 0-6 months 1 767 1 458 1 141 1 016
Female Beef Cattle 1 908 1 269 1 045 931
Male Beef Cattle 1 455 1 000 799 712
Cows (milking & suckling) 4 919 3 579 3 098 2 873
Fattening pigs 17 627 18 543 15 545 16 711
Sows 1 837 1 875 1 577 1 918
Broilers 54 672 47 529 47 636 47 231
Laying hens 45 378 39 766 42 649 42 178
Turkeys 888 914 802 762
Ducks 7 163 6 231 3 571 3 593
Geese 1 243 618 614 698
Horses 941 636 550 330
Sheep 4 159 713 362 345
Table 3. Animal numbers for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002.
10
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Changes of cattle population
0,E+00
1,E+06
2,E+06
3,E+06
4,E+06
5,E+06
6,E+06
Calves 0-6months
FBC MBC Cow s (milking &suckling)Subcategories of cattle
Nu
mb
er o
f an
imal
s
1990
1995
2000
2002
11
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Changes in pig numbers
0,0E+00
5,0E+06
1,0E+07
1,5E+07
2,0E+07
Fattening pigs Sows
Subcategory of pigs
Num
ber
of a
nim
als
1990
1995
2000
2002
12
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Changes of poultry populations
0,E+00
1,E+07
2,E+07
3,E+07
4,E+07
5,E+07
6,E+07
Broilers Laying hens Turkeys Ducks Geese
Subcategory of poultry
Nu
mb
er
of
bir
ds
1990
1995
2000
2002
13
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Changes of horses and sheeps numbers
0,0E+00
1,0E+03
2,0E+03
3,0E+03
4,0E+03
5,0E+03
Horses Sheep
Num
ber
of a
nim
als
1990 (x 1000)
1995 (x 1000)
2000 (x 1000)
2002 (x 1000)
14
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
1990 1995 2000 2002
Ammonium nitrate 373,5
454,0
400,4
390,0
Calcium ammonium nitrate 89,8
165,0
147,9
155,5
Urea 126,8
180,0
222,7
190,0
NP, NK and NPK fertilizer 33,7
38,0
70,0
45,0
Ammonium nitrate urea solutions
2,7
41,1
37,5
Ammonium sulfate 44,5
15,0
14,1
14,0
Total 671,0
852,0
896,2
832,0
Table 4. Types and amounts in Gg a-1 N of fertilizers for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002 (IFC, 2004)
15
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Agricultural ammonia emissions (Gg a-1 NH3)
1990 1995 2000 2002
Cattle 213,55
155,30
130,98
119,90
Pigs 142,82
149,30
125,24
138,30
Poultry 40,65
35,16
33,71
33,48
Horses 7,53
5,09
4,40
2,64
Sheep 5,57
0,96
0,70
0,46
Fertilizers and Plants 39,80
50,20
60,90
54,00
Total 449,92
396,01
355,93
348,78
Table 5. Agricultural ammonia emissions for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2002, based on the simpler methodology as
found in AEIG (B1090 and B1010).
16
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Changes of ammonia emission
450
396356 349
0
100
200
300
400
500
1990 1995 2000 2002
Am
mo
nia
em
issi
on
(G
g)
Emission ceiling 2010
468
17
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Structure of ammonia emissions from agricultural activities in 2002 (S)
Fertilizers and Plants16%
Horses0,8%
Sheep0,1%
Pigs40%
Cattle34%
Poultry9%
Cattle
Pigs
Poultry
Horses
Sheep
Fertilizers andPlants
18
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Forecast for national ammonia emissions in Poland for 2010
107%117%
110%
94%
113%
74%
111%100%
113%
77%
108% 109%
86%85% 89%
70%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
19
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Uncertainties in emission projections
• The uncertainties are related with the lack detailed knowledge on:– Animal numbers in each species and age;– Differentiated structure of farming;– Data of housing, manure storage and spreading system;– Data on production efficiency;– Data on animal feeding;
– Effect of all the factors mentioned above on NH3 emission;
– Technical and economical availability of measures against NH3 emissions from housing, manure storage and spreading;
– Frequent changes in Polish environmental law related to the ammonia emission in agricultural production activities.
20
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
20+11%
10-1922%
5-923%
1-444%
Uncertainties in emission projectionsQuantitative structure of cattle production in Poland
Ave. 11 cows
67% holdings – less than 10 cows
22% holdings – more than 10 and less than 19 cows
11% holdings – 20 and more cows
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Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
1 - 99 pigs62%
> =100 pigs38% Ave. 53 pigs
Uncertainties in emission projectionsQuantitative structure of pig production in Poland
22
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
• Polish authorities launched a number of legal measures in order to prevent the environment from deteriorating effects of agricultural production:– Obligatory to draw up an environmental impact report for
investments with breeding animals exceeding 240 LU and and in some cases 50 LU;
– New regulations regarding minimum capacities of manure (both solid and slurry) storages – six months;
• Nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied in hot weather;• Manure application is to be planned according to a detailed
nutrient balance;• Application yearly limit is set at the level of 170 kg N per ha;• All organic and mineral fertilizers must be incorporated not later
than 24 hours after application.
Introduction of abatement measures
23
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
• New regulations on particular conditions of financial support by EU subsidy for modernisation of medium size farms include:– Demands for solid and slurry manure pit (6 months for Area
Under Particular Protection, and 4 months for non-AUPP;– Algorithm and coefficients for calculating content of nitrogen
in excreta from different animals and rearing systems. • Existing Law of Environment Protection is enriched
with a new chapter devoted to the „integrated allowance for introducing gases and dusts to the atmosphere” that refers to the BAT.
Introduction of abatement measures - continued
24
Inventory of GHG and NH3 emissions from agriculture in Poland
Ispra, 23 - 24 June 2005
Thank you for your attention
Institute for Building, Mechanization and Electrification of AgricultureBranch Poznan67, Biskupinska Str.60-463 PoznanPoland
Phone: +48 61 820 33 31Fax: +48 61 820 83 81
e-mail: jkarlo@ibmer.waw.plhttp://www.ibmer.poznan.pl.
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