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1
技術報告 ISOTR 25107
非破壞檢測
Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
NDT 訓練大綱指引
2
Contents 目錄
Foreword 前言
Introduction 簡介
1 Scope 範圍
2 Normative references 規範性參考文件
3 Terms and definitions 術語與定義
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 Role 角色
42 NDT 人員的責任(Task)
43 NDT 歷史
44 NDT 的術語(Terminology)
45 General environmental and safety considerations 一般環境與安
全考慮
5 Radiographic testing 輻射照相檢測 --- 初級中級高級
6 Ultrasonic testing 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
7 Eddy current testing 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
10 Leak testing 洩漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
Bibliography 參考書目
3
前言 (Foreword)
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee
International organizations governmental and non-governmental
in liaison with ISO also take part in the work ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
ISO(國際標準組織)是世界性的國家標準機構(ISO 會員體)聯盟國
際標準的準備工作通常透過 ISO 技術委員會執行各會員體若對已成立
的某一技術委員會主題有興趣有權派遣代表出席該委員會與 ISO 有
聯繫之官方與非官方的國際組織也可參與這項工作ISO 與國際電氣技術
委員會(IEC)在電氣標準等各項事宜密切合作
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
rules given in the ISOIEC Directives Part 2
國際標準是根據 ISOIEC 指引第 2部之規定擬定草案
The main task of technical committees is to prepare
International Standards Draft International Standards adopted by
the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
voting Publication as an International Standard requires approval
by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a vote
技術委員會主要任務在起草國際標準經技術委員採用之國際標準
草案皆於各會員體之間流通以便投票表決出版國際標準至少需要 75
的會員體投票通過
In exceptional circumstances when a technical committee has
collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (ldquostate of the art for
4
example) it may decide by a simple majority vote of its
participating members to publish a Technical Report A Technical
Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be
reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer
valid or useful
在例外的情形下當技術委員會蒐集到一個有別於一般公佈的國際
標準的資料(例如科技現況)可以藉由有關的會員體以單一多數決
投票通過後公布為技術報告這個技術報告在性質上是屬告知性的
在所提供的報告資料被認定不再有效或可用之前不需做檢討
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights
需注意的是這些文件的某些部分可能有涉專利權的歸屬而 ISO 無
責任也無意逐一指出牽涉的專利
ISOTR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CENTC 138
Non-destructive testing in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISOTC 135 Non-destructive testing in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement)
根據 ISO 與 CEN 之間有關技術合作的維也納協議ISOTR 25108 是
由歐洲標準委員會(CEN)所屬的技術委員會 CENTC 138「非破壞檢測」與
技術委員會 ISOTC 135「非破壞檢測」所合作提供
5
簡介(Introduction)
With this Technical Report ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 present
to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their
recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required
of NDT personnel These recommendations provide means for
evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose
duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge
藉由這份技術報告ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 針對全球非破壞
檢測社群提出關於 NDT 專業人員所需要的最基本的技術知識的建議
這些建議對職責上需要適當理論與實務知識的人員提供評量與記錄他們
的能力的方法
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training
and certification of NDT personnel ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 have
been actively involved in developing guidelines for training
syllabuses (ISOTR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this
Technical Report) These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level
of training material and mdash consequently mdash in the competence of
personnel
為能使 NDT 人員訓練與授證平順及達到齊一標準 ISOTC 135 以
及 CENTC 138 積極地參與制定相關的訓練課程大綱與 NDT 訓練機構的參
考指引(這份技術報告)這些文件提供參與訓練者使用使訓練教材有
一致性因此使受訓人員的技術能力也有一致的水準
This document together with ISOTR 25107 represents two
years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees
in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements taken from the different existing certification
schemes
這份文件與 ISOTR 25107 代表兩個技術委員會工作團隊費時兩年
時間為使現存不同的授證計劃在達到最低需求下能互相整合與認可
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
2
Contents 目錄
Foreword 前言
Introduction 簡介
1 Scope 範圍
2 Normative references 規範性參考文件
3 Terms and definitions 術語與定義
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 Role 角色
42 NDT 人員的責任(Task)
43 NDT 歷史
44 NDT 的術語(Terminology)
45 General environmental and safety considerations 一般環境與安
全考慮
5 Radiographic testing 輻射照相檢測 --- 初級中級高級
6 Ultrasonic testing 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
7 Eddy current testing 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
10 Leak testing 洩漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
Bibliography 參考書目
3
前言 (Foreword)
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee
International organizations governmental and non-governmental
in liaison with ISO also take part in the work ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
ISO(國際標準組織)是世界性的國家標準機構(ISO 會員體)聯盟國
際標準的準備工作通常透過 ISO 技術委員會執行各會員體若對已成立
的某一技術委員會主題有興趣有權派遣代表出席該委員會與 ISO 有
聯繫之官方與非官方的國際組織也可參與這項工作ISO 與國際電氣技術
委員會(IEC)在電氣標準等各項事宜密切合作
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
rules given in the ISOIEC Directives Part 2
國際標準是根據 ISOIEC 指引第 2部之規定擬定草案
The main task of technical committees is to prepare
International Standards Draft International Standards adopted by
the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
voting Publication as an International Standard requires approval
by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a vote
技術委員會主要任務在起草國際標準經技術委員採用之國際標準
草案皆於各會員體之間流通以便投票表決出版國際標準至少需要 75
的會員體投票通過
In exceptional circumstances when a technical committee has
collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (ldquostate of the art for
4
example) it may decide by a simple majority vote of its
participating members to publish a Technical Report A Technical
Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be
reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer
valid or useful
在例外的情形下當技術委員會蒐集到一個有別於一般公佈的國際
標準的資料(例如科技現況)可以藉由有關的會員體以單一多數決
投票通過後公布為技術報告這個技術報告在性質上是屬告知性的
在所提供的報告資料被認定不再有效或可用之前不需做檢討
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights
需注意的是這些文件的某些部分可能有涉專利權的歸屬而 ISO 無
責任也無意逐一指出牽涉的專利
ISOTR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CENTC 138
Non-destructive testing in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISOTC 135 Non-destructive testing in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement)
根據 ISO 與 CEN 之間有關技術合作的維也納協議ISOTR 25108 是
由歐洲標準委員會(CEN)所屬的技術委員會 CENTC 138「非破壞檢測」與
技術委員會 ISOTC 135「非破壞檢測」所合作提供
5
簡介(Introduction)
With this Technical Report ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 present
to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their
recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required
of NDT personnel These recommendations provide means for
evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose
duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge
藉由這份技術報告ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 針對全球非破壞
檢測社群提出關於 NDT 專業人員所需要的最基本的技術知識的建議
這些建議對職責上需要適當理論與實務知識的人員提供評量與記錄他們
的能力的方法
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training
and certification of NDT personnel ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 have
been actively involved in developing guidelines for training
syllabuses (ISOTR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this
Technical Report) These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level
of training material and mdash consequently mdash in the competence of
personnel
為能使 NDT 人員訓練與授證平順及達到齊一標準 ISOTC 135 以
及 CENTC 138 積極地參與制定相關的訓練課程大綱與 NDT 訓練機構的參
考指引(這份技術報告)這些文件提供參與訓練者使用使訓練教材有
一致性因此使受訓人員的技術能力也有一致的水準
This document together with ISOTR 25107 represents two
years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees
in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements taken from the different existing certification
schemes
這份文件與 ISOTR 25107 代表兩個技術委員會工作團隊費時兩年
時間為使現存不同的授證計劃在達到最低需求下能互相整合與認可
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
3
前言 (Foreword)
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee
International organizations governmental and non-governmental
in liaison with ISO also take part in the work ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
ISO(國際標準組織)是世界性的國家標準機構(ISO 會員體)聯盟國
際標準的準備工作通常透過 ISO 技術委員會執行各會員體若對已成立
的某一技術委員會主題有興趣有權派遣代表出席該委員會與 ISO 有
聯繫之官方與非官方的國際組織也可參與這項工作ISO 與國際電氣技術
委員會(IEC)在電氣標準等各項事宜密切合作
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
rules given in the ISOIEC Directives Part 2
國際標準是根據 ISOIEC 指引第 2部之規定擬定草案
The main task of technical committees is to prepare
International Standards Draft International Standards adopted by
the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
voting Publication as an International Standard requires approval
by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a vote
技術委員會主要任務在起草國際標準經技術委員採用之國際標準
草案皆於各會員體之間流通以便投票表決出版國際標準至少需要 75
的會員體投票通過
In exceptional circumstances when a technical committee has
collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (ldquostate of the art for
4
example) it may decide by a simple majority vote of its
participating members to publish a Technical Report A Technical
Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be
reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer
valid or useful
在例外的情形下當技術委員會蒐集到一個有別於一般公佈的國際
標準的資料(例如科技現況)可以藉由有關的會員體以單一多數決
投票通過後公布為技術報告這個技術報告在性質上是屬告知性的
在所提供的報告資料被認定不再有效或可用之前不需做檢討
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights
需注意的是這些文件的某些部分可能有涉專利權的歸屬而 ISO 無
責任也無意逐一指出牽涉的專利
ISOTR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CENTC 138
Non-destructive testing in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISOTC 135 Non-destructive testing in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement)
根據 ISO 與 CEN 之間有關技術合作的維也納協議ISOTR 25108 是
由歐洲標準委員會(CEN)所屬的技術委員會 CENTC 138「非破壞檢測」與
技術委員會 ISOTC 135「非破壞檢測」所合作提供
5
簡介(Introduction)
With this Technical Report ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 present
to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their
recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required
of NDT personnel These recommendations provide means for
evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose
duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge
藉由這份技術報告ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 針對全球非破壞
檢測社群提出關於 NDT 專業人員所需要的最基本的技術知識的建議
這些建議對職責上需要適當理論與實務知識的人員提供評量與記錄他們
的能力的方法
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training
and certification of NDT personnel ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 have
been actively involved in developing guidelines for training
syllabuses (ISOTR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this
Technical Report) These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level
of training material and mdash consequently mdash in the competence of
personnel
為能使 NDT 人員訓練與授證平順及達到齊一標準 ISOTC 135 以
及 CENTC 138 積極地參與制定相關的訓練課程大綱與 NDT 訓練機構的參
考指引(這份技術報告)這些文件提供參與訓練者使用使訓練教材有
一致性因此使受訓人員的技術能力也有一致的水準
This document together with ISOTR 25107 represents two
years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees
in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements taken from the different existing certification
schemes
這份文件與 ISOTR 25107 代表兩個技術委員會工作團隊費時兩年
時間為使現存不同的授證計劃在達到最低需求下能互相整合與認可
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
4
example) it may decide by a simple majority vote of its
participating members to publish a Technical Report A Technical
Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be
reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer
valid or useful
在例外的情形下當技術委員會蒐集到一個有別於一般公佈的國際
標準的資料(例如科技現況)可以藉由有關的會員體以單一多數決
投票通過後公布為技術報告這個技術報告在性質上是屬告知性的
在所提供的報告資料被認定不再有效或可用之前不需做檢討
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights
需注意的是這些文件的某些部分可能有涉專利權的歸屬而 ISO 無
責任也無意逐一指出牽涉的專利
ISOTR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CENTC 138
Non-destructive testing in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISOTC 135 Non-destructive testing in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement)
根據 ISO 與 CEN 之間有關技術合作的維也納協議ISOTR 25108 是
由歐洲標準委員會(CEN)所屬的技術委員會 CENTC 138「非破壞檢測」與
技術委員會 ISOTC 135「非破壞檢測」所合作提供
5
簡介(Introduction)
With this Technical Report ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 present
to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their
recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required
of NDT personnel These recommendations provide means for
evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose
duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge
藉由這份技術報告ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 針對全球非破壞
檢測社群提出關於 NDT 專業人員所需要的最基本的技術知識的建議
這些建議對職責上需要適當理論與實務知識的人員提供評量與記錄他們
的能力的方法
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training
and certification of NDT personnel ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 have
been actively involved in developing guidelines for training
syllabuses (ISOTR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this
Technical Report) These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level
of training material and mdash consequently mdash in the competence of
personnel
為能使 NDT 人員訓練與授證平順及達到齊一標準 ISOTC 135 以
及 CENTC 138 積極地參與制定相關的訓練課程大綱與 NDT 訓練機構的參
考指引(這份技術報告)這些文件提供參與訓練者使用使訓練教材有
一致性因此使受訓人員的技術能力也有一致的水準
This document together with ISOTR 25107 represents two
years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees
in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements taken from the different existing certification
schemes
這份文件與 ISOTR 25107 代表兩個技術委員會工作團隊費時兩年
時間為使現存不同的授證計劃在達到最低需求下能互相整合與認可
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
5
簡介(Introduction)
With this Technical Report ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 present
to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their
recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required
of NDT personnel These recommendations provide means for
evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose
duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge
藉由這份技術報告ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 針對全球非破壞
檢測社群提出關於 NDT 專業人員所需要的最基本的技術知識的建議
這些建議對職責上需要適當理論與實務知識的人員提供評量與記錄他們
的能力的方法
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training
and certification of NDT personnel ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 have
been actively involved in developing guidelines for training
syllabuses (ISOTR 25107) and for NDT training organizations (this
Technical Report) These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level
of training material and mdash consequently mdash in the competence of
personnel
為能使 NDT 人員訓練與授證平順及達到齊一標準 ISOTC 135 以
及 CENTC 138 積極地參與制定相關的訓練課程大綱與 NDT 訓練機構的參
考指引(這份技術報告)這些文件提供參與訓練者使用使訓練教材有
一致性因此使受訓人員的技術能力也有一致的水準
This document together with ISOTR 25107 represents two
years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees
in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements taken from the different existing certification
schemes
這份文件與 ISOTR 25107 代表兩個技術委員會工作團隊費時兩年
時間為使現存不同的授證計劃在達到最低需求下能互相整合與認可
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
6
The content of this first edition has been based on the
experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user
industries as well as the most recent edition of the International
Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended
guidelines
第一版的內容是根據專家的經驗NDT 終端使用工業界的意見以
及非破壞檢測國際委員會(ICNDT)推薦的最新版指引所訂立
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account
the latest developments in each method and as a consequence the
total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration
required by ISO 9712 and EN 473
對於不同主題時間的分配考量各種方法的最新發展因此整個訓
練期間有時也可以多於 ISO 9712 及 EN 473 所要求的最短期間
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in
order to maintain a workable document in line with the development
of NDT methods and techniques
此份技術報告在未來的數年內還會不斷被修訂使之在 NDT 方法與
技術持續演進之下仍能保持適用性
ISOTC 135 and CENTC 138 wish to express their appreciation
to all those who contributed to the production of this publication
ISOTC 135 以及 CENTC 138 在此感謝對這份文件的出版有貢獻者
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
7
技術報告 ISOTR 25107 2006(E)
非破壞檢測 --- NDT 訓練大綱指引
1 範圍 (scope)
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing
(NDT) training organizations with the intention of harmonizing
and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel
for industrial needs
此技術報告提供非破壞檢測(NDT)訓練機構作為參考指引冀能使工業界
所需的 NDT 人員的訓練維持齊一與一定的水準
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective
structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for
qualification examinations leading to third-party certification
according to recognized standards
它也為 NDT 人員的有效訓練奠定品質要求確保根據此認可標準的考試
授證者被認可為合乎標準的第三方授證單位
NOTE ISOTR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses intended for the general part of training courses
註 在訓練課程的一般部分ISOTR 25107 也提供了 NDT 訓練大綱相關
的指引
2 參考標準 (Normative references)
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this document For dated references only the
edition cited applies For undated references the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
下列的參考文件係應用此文件不可或缺的有註明日期之參考文件以所
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
8
引述的版本為準未註明日期之參考文件以最新版本(包含新修訂版本)
為準
EN 1330 (all parts) Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology
EN 1330 (所有部分) 非破壞性檢測mdash專門術語
3 名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given
in EN 1330 apply
本文件以 EN 1330 的名詞與定義為準
4 NDT 介紹(Introduction)
41 角色 (Role)
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the
safety and economic and ecological welfareof our society
非破壞檢測對我們的社會安全經濟生態環境有重要貢獻
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not
be destroyed modified or degraded by the testing process This
is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing
for example safety parts pipelines power plants and also
constructions under in-service inspection but even for unique
parts in archaeology and culture
對一個在檢測過程不能被破壞調整或衰敗的物品NDT 是惟一的選擇
這對一個檢測完後仍要使用的物品是一般的要求例如安全零件管
線電廠以及使用中檢查的建築物甚至於對考古學及文化領域中的
唯一物品
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner
structure of the object under test Often the outcome of the test
needs to be interpreted to give a useful result sometimes
different NDT methods must be combined or verified by other test
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
9
methods
NDT 是基於對檢測物表面或內部結構的物理反應通常檢測後需要被判讀
以提供有用的結果有時必須併用不同的 NDT 方法或經由其他檢測方
法作進一步驗證
42 NDT 人員的責任 (Task)
NDT personnel have a great responsibility not only with respect
to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good
workmanship The NDT personnel must be independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his test results otherwise the
results are compromised The NDT personnel should be aware of the
importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety health and environment Under legal aspects
the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged
according to the national legal regulations A tester may find
himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer the responsible authorities or legal requirements
NDT 人員不只對雇主或承包商也對維持良好製造(施工)品質的法則負
有重大責任NDT 人員判定檢測結果時必須保持其獨立性不考慮經濟上
的利害得失否則檢測結果就會被損害NDT 檢測人員必須明白他們簽名
的重要性以及不正確的檢測結果對於安全健康以及環境影響的後
果就法律方面來說偽造檢驗證明是犯法的並且會根據國家的法律
受審判檢測人員的檢測發現可能使他面臨一個對他的雇主負責當局
或合法的要求有衝突的情形
Finally the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations
of test results carrying his signature NDT personnel should never
sign test reports beyond their certification
最後NDT 人員必須對他簽名的檢測結果所有的判讀負責NDT 人員絕不
該對一個超過他們授證的檢測報告簽名
43 NDT 歷史 (History)
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual
10
checks in prehistoric times In medieval later centuries test
methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were
introduced The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization
in the 19th and 20th centuries X-ray and ultrasonic testing for
inner defects penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface
cracks During the last few decades sophisticated mostly
electronically linked methods such as eddy current testing RADAR
computer tomography and thermography have been developed NDT
methods have found application in a wide range of industries mdash
from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence
technology
在史前時代NDT 的原則以目視檢測開始應用在中世紀後期簡單的滲
透檢測以及硬度檢測方法開始出現在 19 及 20 世紀NDT 隨著工業化出
現了突破性的發展對內部缺陷施以 X 光及超音波檢測對表面的裂痕
施以磁粒檢測過去數十年以來發展出包括渦電流檢測雷達電腦
斷層掃描以及熱相法等結合電子控制的方法從土木工程與工廠到太
空與國防技術NDT 方法已經被廣範應用到各種工業
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and
inventors including Roumlntgen Becquerel Curie Oerstedt Faraday
and even Leonardo da Vinci They discovered the physical principles
and demonstrated early applications Altogether approximately 5
000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state
of NDT
NDT 的歷史與許多有名的研究人員與發明家有關包含侖琴貝克勒爾
居里夫人奧斯特法拉第甚至於達文西他們發現了物理原則並
展示了早期的應用全世界總共約 5000 位科學家投入了貢獻造就了現
在的 NDT
NDT is a global technology Since NDT tasks and related technical
problems are similar in all developed countries improved
solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a
few months Many international conferences and standards
committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety economy and the environment
11
NDT 是一個全球性的技術既然許多已開發的國家都類似的 NDT 的任務及
相關的技術困難改善的方法以及新設備在幾個月內就能傳播到全世
界許多國際研討會及標準委員會針對安全經濟及環境相關的 NDT 發
展都有穩定且具有共識的貢獻
44 NDT 的術語 (Terminology)
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a
particular technology applied worldwide It is needed for
communication between contracting parties NDT personnel and
certifying bodies Terms like ldquoindication ldquoimperfection
ldquoflaw and ldquodefect require a precise and unequivocal
definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be
avoided See Clause 3
正確與標準的術語對於通行全世界的某一種技術是有需要的承包方
NDT 人員及發證組織之間的溝通需要標準的術語若要避免爭執與結果的
錯誤解讀像ldquo指示 ldquo瑕疵 ldquo裂縫以及ldquo缺陷等術語需
要一準確且不含糊的定義參考第 3款
45 一般環境與安全考慮(General environmental and safety
considerations)
451 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where
the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local
conditions or where the application of the particular NDT method
or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator
and others in the vicinity
451 非破壞檢測通常應用在當地的情形可能使操作人員處於危險狀
態或是特定的非破壞方法或技術的應用在操作人員或附近的人員的安
危可能受到危及之處
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must
therefore be safety The duration of the training for this subject
should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical
training associated with a particular NDT method
12
NDT 人員課程訓練的基本元素乃是安全這主題的訓練期間必須合適且
與特別 NDT 方法有關的技術訓練也必須提供
452 General safety considerations include but are not
necessarily limited to the following 一般安全考慮包含下列所
式但不需要受此限制
-environmental conditions (heat cold humidity) 環境條件(熱
冷濕度)
-toxicity (NDT materials tested products atmosphere) 毒性(NDT
材料受測產品空氣)
-radiation safety (NDT materials products local regulations)
輻射安全(NDT 材料產品當地規則)
-electrical safety (NDT equipment lethal voltages EMC) 電氣
安全(NDT 設備危險電壓電磁相容)
-potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other
dangerous environments) 對人員的潛在傷害(在高空或其他危險的
環境工作)
-personal protection equipment (clothing radiation dosimeters)
人員保護設備(衣物輻射放射量測定器)
13
14
5 Radiographic testing 射線檢測 --- 初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小
時)
Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
51
Introduction
to
terminology
and history
of NDT
NDT 術語及歷
史介紹
History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
electromagnetic radiation 電
磁輻射
energy 能量
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Wave-length 波長
dose 輻射劑量
dose rate 輻射劑量率
intensity 強度
dose rate constant 輻射劑量
率常數
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 目的
Terminology 術語
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 1130-3
E 10
15
52
Physical
principles
of the method
and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原
理與相關知識
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Relevant standards相關標準
EN 444 General principles 一
般原理
Straight line propagation 直線
傳播
Effects of radiation
輻射效應
Capability of penetration 穿透
能力
E 05
P 05
Properties of X-and gamma
radiation
X 及伽瑪輻射的特性
Photon 光子
Process of ionization游離過
程
Photochemical effects光化
學效應
Biological effects生物效
應
Fluorescent effects螢光效
應
Energy 能量
E 10 Properties of
radiaition 輻射特性
X-radiographyX 射線檢
測
Gamma radiography伽瑪
射線檢測
Neutron radiography
中子射線檢測
Election radiography
電子射線檢測
Process of ionization
游離過程
Photochemical
effects光化學效應
Biological effects生
物效應
Fluorescent effects
螢光效應
E 10
16
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Tube current I 管電流 I
High voltage U 高電壓 U
Effects on dose rate and energy
of radiation 輻射劑量率及能量
的效應
E 10
P 05
Generation of X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray tubes
X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by tube
current and tube voltage
藉由管電流及管電壓而改變頻
譜
Inherent filtering 固有濾波
E 15 Generation of
X-radiation
X 射線的產生
Function of X-ray
tubes X 射線管的功用
Spectrum 頻譜
Intensity 強度
Max energy 最大能量
Effective energy
有效能量
Change of spectrum by
tube current and tube
voltage 藉由管電流及
管電壓而改變頻譜
Characteristic
radiation 輻射的特徵
Inherent filtering
固有濾波
Hardening effect
強化效果
E20
17
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio isotope 輻射同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)Se
(硒)75(碘)
activity 活性
half life 半化期
Characteristic ofγ
-radiation 伽瑪射線的特徵
Life time 生命週期
Energy 能量
Activity 活性
Source size 源頭尺寸
E 10
P 05
Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Radio nuclide 輻射核素
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷) Se
(硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特徵
half life 半化期
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
energy 頻譜及有效能量
E 15 Origin ofγ-radiation
伽瑪射線的來源
Natural and artificial
天然或人造的衰減
decay series 衰減序列
Radio nuclides for NDT
NDT 使用的輻射核種
isotope 同位素
lr 192(銥)Co 60(鈷)
Se (硒) 75(碘)
activity A A 類活性
Characteristic ofγ
-sources 伽瑪射源的特
徵
decay curves maximum
activity
最大活性的衰減曲線
Source size 源頭尺寸
Characteristic of Gamma
ray 伽瑪射線的特徵
Dose rate constant
輻射劑量率常數
Spectrum and effective
E 20
18
energy 頻譜及有效能量
Interaction of radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
absorption 吸收
primary radiation 原始輻射
scatttered radiation散射輻射
influence of penetrated
thickness穿透厚度的影響
Type of material 材料的種類
Energy 能量
Half value layer 半值層
Tenth value layer 110 值層
E 10 Interaction of radiaition
with matter 輻射與物件的作用
Attenuation 衰減
Photo effect 光電效應
Coherent scattering 一致
散射
Compton scattering 康普頓
散射
Pair production成對效應
Attenuation coefficient 衰
減係數
Scatter radiation 散射輻射
Specific contrast 特殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻射對
比
Effects of filtering 濾波效
果
Beam hardening 射束強化
E 30
P 05
Interaction of
radiaition with
matter 輻射與物件的作
用
Attenuation vs energy
衰減與能量
Photo effect 光電效
應
Coherent scattering
一致散射
Compton scattering
康普頓散射
Pair production 成對
效應
Attenuation
coefficient 衰減係數
Scatter radiation 散
射輻射
Specific contrast 特
殊對比
Radiation contrast 輻
E 60
19
射對比
Effects of filtering
濾波效果
Beam hardening 射束強化
Klein-Nishina law 克萊
恩定律
Properties of film systems and
screens 底片系統及增感屏的性
質
Construction 結構
baseemulsionsilver
bromide 片基乳化層溴化銀
grain size and distribution
顆粒大小及分散
Processing 過程
Properties of films 底片的性
質
sensitivity 靈敏度
granularity 粒度
E 10
P 10
Properties of film systems
and screens 底片系統及增感
屏的性質
Construction 結構
Latent image information
origin 原始潛影資料
Photo process 攝影過程
Properties of film systems
底片系統的性質
characteristic curve 特徵
曲線
Film gradientfilm
contrastspeed
E 20
P 05
Properties of film
systemsscreens and
digital detection
systems
底片系統 增感屏及數位
檢測系統的性質
Additional to level 2
中級之外
New detectors 新檢測
器
storage phosphor
imaging plates
儲存磷光體的影像板
flat panels
平面控制板儀表板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化器
E 20
20
contrast 對比
optical density 光黑度
film system class 底片系統
等級
Film screens 底片增感屏
type of film screens 底片
增感屏的種類
intensifying effect 強化效
果
filtering effect 濾波效果
film to screen contact 底片
與增感屏之接觸
底片梯度 底片對比速度
influence of film
processing 底片處理的影響
Sensitivity 靈敏度
Granularity 粒度
Detail perceptibility
細部可辨性
Classification of film
systems according to EN
584-1
根據 EN 584-1 底片系統的分類
film screens 底片增感屏
type of screens 增感屏的
種類
film screen contact 底片
增感屏之接觸
inherent unsharpness 內部
模糊度
intensifying 強化
effect of filtering 過濾效
果
screens for Co 60(鈷)
Line detector 線性檢測
器
Classification of
detection
檢測系統應用分類
21
and Linac
鈷 60 及線性加速器的增感屏
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness 幾何模
糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
E 10
P 05
Geometry for radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Geometric unsharpness
幾何模糊度
Object to film distance
物件到底片的距離
Focus size d 焦點尺寸 d
Source to object distance
射源到物件的距離
Source film distance
射源到底片的距離
Determination of the focal
spot 焦點的決定
Size of gamma sources
伽瑪射源的尺寸
E 30
P 10
Geometry for
radiographic
exposures
射線照相曝光的幾何關係
Additional to level 2
中級再加上
Method of focal spot
measurement 量測焦點尺
寸的方法
According to
EN12543EN12679
根據 EN12543EN12679
Requirements for
optimization
by Geometric
unsharpnesstotal unsh
arpness
幾何模糊度的最佳要求
整體模糊度
E 20
P 20
22
Focus sizecurrent
voltage source
sizeactivity
焦點尺寸電流電壓射
源尺寸活性
53
Product
knowledge
and
capabilities
of the method
and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方
法的性能及其
延伸技術
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Types of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 10
P 30
Typical weld discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Type of weld seam and weld
seam preparation
銲接形態及銲接準備
Welding process origin
銲接過程來源
Type of discontinuity
according to EN ISO 6520
根據 EN ISO 6520 的瑕疵形態
E 30
P 10
Typical weld
discontinuities
典型銲接瑕疵
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Introduction to
fracture斷裂面的介紹
mechanics working
load機械工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Origin of defects
缺陷來源
Further NDT methods
NDT 的進階方法
E 30
23
Typical defects in castings
典型的鑄造缺陷
Types of defect
缺陷的形態
E 10
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast imperfections
and their origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Beam direction to
detectability
射束方向對檢測能力
E 30
P 10
Defects in castings
鑄造的缺陷
Casting process
鑄造過程
Types of cast
imperfections and their
origin
鑄造缺陷的形態及來源
Structural indications
結構性指示
Working load 工作負載
Materials properties
材料性質
Production caused
defects
產品導致的缺陷
E 20
P 20
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 10
P 05
Influence on detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
P 10
Influence on
detectability
檢測能力的影響
E 20
24
type of defect 缺陷的種類
size 尺寸
orientation 方向
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
beam direction 射束方向
geometric distortion
幾何變形
increase in wall thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for X-and
γ-rays
X 及伽瑪射線的厚度區間
Number of exposures 曝光量
Beam direction
射束方向
Geometric distortion
幾何變形
Increase in wall
thickness
增加厚度
Imaged thickness range
影像厚度區間
Thickness ranges for
X-and γ-rays
X 及伽瑪線的厚度區間
Number of exposures
vsdistortion angle
曝露量對變形角度
54
Equipment 設
備
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Stationary systemsmobile
E 15
P 15
Design and operation of X-ray
machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 1
E 20
P 10
Design and operation of
X-ray machines
X 光機的設計與操作
Additional to level 2
E 20
25
unit 靜態系統機動單位
Tubes 管
glass-and metal-ceramic tube
玻璃及金屬-陶瓷管
Design oftubes管的設計
standard tube標準管
rod anode tube空洞陽極管
short anode tube短陽極管
Coolinggaswateroil
冷卻氣體水油
Focalspot焦點
High voltagemaxcurrent
高電壓最大電流
Exposure time曝光時間
Diaphragm快門
Safety circuit安全電路
Operating instructions
操作指示
初級之外
inherent filtering 固有在
過濾
pre-filtering預過濾
Devices for special
application特殊應用的裝置
micro-focus tubes微聚焦管
enlargement technique擴大
技術
radioscopyX 光透視
Linac 線性加速器
Construction架構
Field of application應用領
域
Typical dates典型日期
中級之外
beam opening
characteristics開放射
束特徵
X-ray flash devices
X 射線閃光裝置
rod anode devices
空洞陽極裝置
micro-focus devies
微聚焦裝置
high-voltage devices
高電壓裝置
Line focus tubes
線聚焦管
Rotary anode tubes
旋轉陽極管
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
containershielding
射源屏體屏蔽
E 05
P 05
Design and operation of gamma
ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操作
E 20 Design and operation of
gamma ray devices
伽瑪射線設備的設計及操
作
E 20
26
class PM PM 等級
type AB(transportation)AB
形態(運輸)
source holder and source
capsule射源容器及射源蒸發皿
Enclosed radioactive
material密閉式主動射線材料
manipulation device操縱裝置
connections accessory
連接附件
remote control遙控器
collimation瞄準
fittings架設
Operating instructions
操作指示
Reference to national
requirememts and safety
regulations
參考國家要求及安全規定
Additional to level 1
初級之外
Crawier for pipelines
管線的爬行器
Special device for testing
of heat exchanger tubes
熱交換管檢測的特殊設備
Same as level 2
與中級同
Accessories for radiographic
testing
射線檢測的附件
E 05
P 05
27
Equipment設備
lead tape measure鉛帶量測
holding magnets支持磁鐵
lead screens shielding
鉛屏蔽
rubber bands etc橡膠帶等
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
55
Information
prior the
testing
檢測前的準備
資料
Written procedures given
給定的書面程序
Information on the test object
檢測物件的資料
Object dimensions 物件尺寸
Test class of standard 檢測等
級的標準
Equipment to be used
使用的設備
Exposure arrangement
暴露量的安排
E 05 Information about the test
object 有關檢測物件的資料
Identification or
designation 標示或指定
Materialdimensionsm
isometrics材料尺寸等大的
number of parts零件數量
field of application應用領
域
kind of manufacture加工類
型
catalogue of defects缺陷分
類
E 20
Information about the
test object and
national requirements
檢測物件的資料及國家的
要求
Additional to level 2
中級之外
Selection of standards
for specific testing
applications
特定檢測應用的標準選擇
European standards
歐洲標準
application standards
E 40
28
Extent of testing (20
inspection)
檢測的延伸(20的檢查)
Marking 標示
Test conditions檢測條件
accessibility 可及性
infrastructure基礎建設
particular test conditions
特殊檢測條件
Applicable standards應用的
標準
Overview瀏覽
Standards assigned to the
test object 檢測物件指定的
標準
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
應用標準
overview 瀏覽
purpose目的
technical contents and
systematic技術內容及
系統
Product specific
standards for special
industrial sectors特
殊工業領域的產品特定標
準
for welding為銲接
for casting為鑄造
for pipes為管線
pressurized equipment
directive壓力的設備指
令
ISO standards ISO 標準
American standards
美國標準
overview ASME code
瀏覽 ASME 規範
29
overview ASTM
standards
瀏覽 ASTM 標準
56
Testing 檢測
Developing process 顯影過程
Darkroom暗房
design設計
developer顯影劑
water bath清洗槽
fixing bath定影劑
final water bath最後清洗槽
drying乾燥
Preparation and regeneration
of baths 液體的準備與再生
Use of filmstrips according to
EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 對幻燈式影片的使
用
film processing faults
底片處理的缺陷
E 15
P 10
Developing process
additional to level 1
初級之外的顯影過程
Processing equipment
adjustment過程設備調整
checking 檢查
storage of unexposed films
未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test暗房光
線檢測
fog test模糊檢測
clearing time清除時間
tally sheet記數單
Process-controlling
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2 的過程控制
E 35
P 10
Developing process
顯影過程
Principles 原理
Processing
equipmentadjustment
過程設備調整
checking檢查
storage of unexposed
films未曝光底片的儲存
darkroom light test
暗房光線檢測
fog test 模糊檢測
clearing time
清除時間
tally sheet 記數單
Use of filmstrips
according to EN 584-2
根據 EN 584-2的幻燈片使
E 30
30
用
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice底片與
增感屏的選擇
film system classestype and
E
105
P
100
Examination of welded joints
according to EN 1435
根據 EN 1435 對銲接處的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system classestype
E 80
P 40
Examination and
discussion of EN 1435
EN 1435 的解釋與討論
Scope範圍
basic and improved
techniques
初級與進階的技術
Test arrangements檢測
安排
number of exposures
曝光量
(EN 14351997Annex A)
(EN 14351997附件 A)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
E 40
P 80
31
thickness of screens底片系統
的等級增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
and thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種
類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance 射源到物件最小距離
special options
特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
film system
classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏
的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance射源到物件最小
距離
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope範圍
Test classes檢測等級
Basic and improved
techniques初級與改善的技術
E 60
P 40
Examination of catings
according to EN 12681
根據 EN 12681 對鑄件的檢查
Scope for complex shaped
objects複雜形狀物件的範圍
Test arrangements 檢測安排
E 60
P 30
Examination and
discussion of EN
12681
EN 12681 的解釋與討論
Scope for complex
shaped objects
複雜形狀的物件範圍
E 40
P 60
32
Test arrangements 檢測安排
number of exposures曝光量
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Film and screen choice
底片與增感屏的選擇
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens
底片系統的等級 增感屏的種類
與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
number of exposures曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸
Choice of energy能量的選擇
average wall thickness
平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness range
for gamma rays
伽傌射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options特別選項
Use of enlargement
放大的使用
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness compensation
use of higher
energyhardening
為壁厚補償使用較高能量強
化
Film system classestype and
thickness of screens 底片系
Test arrangements 檢
測安排
number of exposures
曝光量
special geometries
特殊尺寸(幾何形狀)
Choice of energy
能量的選擇
average wall
thickness平均壁厚
maxX-ray voltage
最大的 X射線電壓
penetrared thickness
range for gamma rays
伽瑪射線穿透厚度的範圍
special options
特別選項
Increase of covered
thickness range
覆蓋厚度區間的增加
double film technique
雙底片技術
wall thickness
33
統的等級 增感屏的種類與厚
度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum source-to-object
distance film
射源到物件最小距離的底片
equalization use of
higher energy
hardening 為壁厚均等化
使用較高能量強化
Film system classes
type and thickness of
screens底片系統的等級
增感屏的種類與厚度
Minimum optical density
最小的光黑度
Minimum
source-to-object
distance film 射源到物
件最小距離的底片
Working with exposure charts
使用曝光表
Definition of exposure value
曝光量的定義
exposure time曝光時間
Correction of exposure time
for different
E 20
P 20
Special techniques 特殊技術
Stereo technique 立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion damage
腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with micro-focus
E 60 Direct radiography and
radioscopy according to
EN 13068
根據 EN13068 的直接射線
檢測及 X光透視裝置
Image detectors影像檢
出器
E 20
P 20
34
為以下不同條件的曝光時間訂
正
film-focal spot-distance
FFD底片到焦點的距離
optical density光黑度
relative film exposure
factor底片相對曝光係數
微焦距的放大
Real-time technique 即時技術
fluorescent screens螢光增
感屏
radioscopyX 光透視裝置
computed radiography
電腦化射線檢測
documentation picture
archive
文件的引用圖檔記錄
fluoroscopeX 光影屏
flat panels平板
X-ray intensifier
X 射線強化物
camera and TV-systems
攝影機及電視系統
Applications應用
serial production
testing序列生產檢測
dynamical testing
動態檢測
special materials
特殊材料
Limits of the method
方法的限制
resolution解析度
dynamic動態
signal-to-noise-ratio
訊雜比
modulation transfer
function模態轉換函數
Basic image processing
35
初級影像處理
monitoring監測
documentation文件
Special techniques
特殊技術
Stereo technique
立體技術
Round about technique
圓環技術
Testing of corrosion
damage 腐蝕損壞的檢測
Enlargement with
micro-focus
微焦距的放大
Special aspects for
radiography of
materials with high and
low density
具高低密度材料的特殊
射線檢測
Low voltage radiography
低電壓射線檢測
E 30
36
Radiography of art
objects
藝術物件的射線檢測
light alloys輕合金
plastics塑膠
pre-filtering前濾波
High-voltage
radiography
高電壓射線檢測
concrete testing
混凝土檢測
Film-screen-systems
pre-filtering
底片增感屏系統的前濾波
intermediate
filtering 中間的濾波
heavy walled casting
厚壁鑄件
special radiation
protectioncontaminati
on 特殊射線防護汙染
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 10
P 05
Image quality indicators
according to EN 462-1EN
E 20 Image quality
indicators according to
E 10
37
462-2EN 462-3
根據EN 462-1EN 462-2EN 462-3
的像質計
Definition of image quality
number design of ∣Q∣
影像品質數字設計∣Q∣的定義
∣Q∣position of different
exposures
不同曝光量∣Q∣的狀態
image quality classes
影像品質的分級
image quality number
影像品質數字
462-2EN 462-3
根據 EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3 的像質計
Additional to level 1
初級之外
image quality number for
other materials according EN
462-4
根據 EN 462-4 為其他材料的影
像品質係數
detection of unsharpness
with duplex-indicator
according EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-5 以雙指示器對模
糊度的檢測
EN 462-1EN 462-2EN
462-3EN 462-4EN 462-5
根據 EN 462-1EN
462-2EN 462-3EN
462-4EN 462-5 的像質計
Same as level 2
與中級同
relevance of image
quality indicators
像質計的關聯
international image
quality indicators
國際像質計
System of marking 標識系統
Object to film assignment
物件到底片的指定
permanent marking of the
object物件的永久記號
zero pointincremental count
direction零點遞增計數方向
E 10
P 05
Drafting an NDT instruction
for the testing of welding
and castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一個
NDT 指引
Organization of simple test
E 60 Drafting an NDT
instruction for the
testing of welding and
castings
為銲接及鑄件檢測起草一
個 NDT 指引
E
230
38
marker tape標示膠帶
position of markings on the
object物件上標識的位置
procedures
簡單檢測程序的組合
Test objects檢測物件
ambient conditions周圍的
條件
reference documents參考文
件
specificationsstandards
規格標準
choise of radiation source
射源的選擇
choise of adequate
direction of radiation
選擇適當射線方向
film location plan
底片位置圖
identification of test
piece and radiographs
確認試件與底片
number of exposures曝光量
performance of the test and
reporting of test results
Complete organization
of test procedures in
combination with other
NDT methods
結合其他 NDT 方法的完整
測試架構程序
Integration of intemal
priorities
內部優先次序的整合
Choice of testing
method 檢測方法的選擇
time of testing
檢測時間
radiation protection
equipment輻射防護裝備
Personnel
qualification人員資格
Cost estimation費用預
估在
manpower costs
人力花費
for equipment設備
39
檢測表現及檢測結果報告
viewing of the films
底片的觀察
classification of defects
缺陷的分類
assessment of the results
according to applicable
codes and standards根據合適
的規範及標準對結果的評估
list of required
accessories要求附件的清單
for consumable
消耗品
for auxiliary
attachment second
exposures after repair
修復後第二次曝光的輔
助物
Selection of
specifications for
application and
evaluation為了應用及
評估的明細選擇
Example of written
practice for welding
inspection according to
ASTM根據 ASTM 為銲件
檢查的書面練習例子
57
Evaluation
and
Reporting
評估與報告
Basics of evaluation
基本的評估
Viewing conditions觀察條件
room condition室內條件
E 15
P 10
Basics of evaluation
Additional to level 1
初級之外的基本評估
Mach effect馬赫效應
Film illuminator according
E 20 Basics of evaluation
基本評估
Film illuminator
according to EN 25580
E 10
40
viewing time觀察時間
lapsed time after dazzling
炫光後的衰退時間
film illuminatorluminance
底片光源器流明
density measurement黑度測量
to EN 25580
根據 EN 25580 的底片光源器
minluminance最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
根據 EN 25580 的底片光
源器
minluminance
最小流明
homogeneity factor
同質因素
Physiological
factors
生理的因素
eyesight視力
adaptation prior to
viewing觀察前的適應
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image quality
影像品質的驗證
Report of simple welding and
casting imperfections
簡易銲接及鑄件瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 10
Evaluation of radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 35 Evaluation of
radiographs
射線檢測的評估
Verification of image
quality影像品質的驗證
Report of
imperfections
瑕疵的報告
E 20
P 20
Test report 檢測報告
Welding according to EN 1435
E 10
P 20
Check of test report
確認檢測報告
E 40 Feasibility of test
report
E 30
P 20
41
根據標準 EN 1435 的銲件
Castings according to EN
12681
根據 EN 12681 的鑄件
Does it comply with the
examination standard
報告有依照考試的標準嗎
Conformed to the test quality
依從檢測品質
Achieved test class
達到檢測等級
Achieved image quality class
達到影像品質等級
Achieved diagnostic coverage
of test object
達到檢測物件檢查範圍
檢測報告的可行性
Confirmation of the
radiographic image
quality vs test report
射線檢測影像品質與檢測
報告的確認
58
Assessment
評量
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalizationfreq
uency
形式尺寸位置出現頻率
E 125
P 60
Classification of
imperfections
瑕疵的分類
Typesizelocalization
frequency
形式尺寸位置出現頻
E 85
P 70
42
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO 5817
根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062 or EN
ISO 17635 根據 EN 12062 或
EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517 根據
EN 12517
according to standard on
inspection of pressure
vessels(EN 1344-5) 根據對
壓力容器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據 ASTM
Evaluation catalogue to EN
ISO 5817 對 ISO 5817 評估的
目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的訓練目
錄
率
Welding 銲接
according to EN ISO
5817 根據 EN ISO 5817
according to EN 12062
or EN ISO 17635 根據
EN 12062或 EN ISO 17635
according to EN 12517
根據 EN 12517
according to standard
on inspection of
pressure vessels(EN
1344-5) 根據對壓力容
器檢查的標準
(EN 1344-5)
casting鑄件
according to ASTM根據
ASTM
Evaluation catalogue
to EN ISO 5817 對 ISO
43
Influence of manufacture and
Material製造與材料的影響
5817 評估的目錄
ASTM catalogueASTM 的
目錄
Other national training
catalogues其他國家的
訓練目錄
Influence of
manufacture and
Material
製造與材料的影響
59
Quality
aspects 品質
方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備驗
證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設備
驗證
Written instructions 書面指
引
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
E 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
E 20
P 30
44
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT qualification
and certification
systems
其他 NDT 資格與授證組織
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標
準的回顧
510
Developments
發展
Alternative detectors to
film
選擇對底片的檢出器
Flat panel deteclors
平板檢出器
E 05 Innovative
radiological
techniques
新穎的射線技術
3-dimensional
radiology testing
3 度空間射線檢測
stereo technique
立體技術
E 45
45
multi angle technique
多角度技術
computed
laminography
電腦分層照相術
computed tomography
電腦斷層照相術
principle原理
applications應用
diagital image
processing數位影像處
理
film digitization
底片數位化
image enhancement
影像強化
Total
duration
全部時數
E
405
P
325
E 83
P 20
E
915
P 31
46
6 Ultrasonic testing---Levels 12 and 3 超音波檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
61
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Task of non-destrutive
testing-非破壞性檢測的
任務
Personnel 人員
History of NDT NDT 歷史
Terminology of NDT
(EN 1330-1 and EN 1330-2)
NDT 的術語(EN 1330-1 及
EN 1330-2)
History of UT 超音波檢測
E 10 Review of level 1 knowledge
Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測初級的知識術語和
定義的回顧
E 10 Terminology and
definitions of UT
超音波檢測的術語及定
義
Overview of standards
ISOCEN and national
(generaland products)
標準的瀏覽ISOCEN 和
國家(一般的及產品)
E 15
47
歷史
Terminology of UT
(EN 1330-4)超音波檢測的
術語(EN 1330-4)
62
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 583-1 to EN 583-6
EN 14127
Relevant of mathematical
basics 相關的基本數學
Physical definitions and
typical parameters 物理
定義及典型的參數
Sinusoidal movement
amplitudeperiodfreque
ncywavelengthpropagat
ion velocity
正弦曲線的移動振幅週
期頻率波長傳遞速度
Various types of wave
E 100 Physical defintions and
typial parameters
物理定義及典型參數
Same as level 1 plus
同初級加上
Acoustic impedance
factors of reflection and
transmission (normal beam
only) 音阻反射及穿透係數
(只有垂直音束)
Beam propagation 音束傳
遞
Various types of wave
modes 波波式的各種型式
Same as level 1 plus
E 160 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Isotropic and
anisotropic
materials
等方性和非等方性材料
Phenomena of guided
propagation
引導傳遞的現象
Velocity measurement
and dispersion
速度量測及分散
Relation between
velocity and elastic
properties of
material 物質的彈性及
E 160
48
modes 波波式的各種型式
Longitudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Concepts of surface
waves or Rayleigh waves
and of plate waves or
lamb waves
表面波或雷利波及平板波
或藍姆波的觀念
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Normal incidence
transmissionand
reflection
垂直入射傳遞及反射
Incidence oblique
入射角
Snells law 司耐爾定律
Critical anglesmode
conversion
臨界點波式轉換
與初級相同加上
extended knowledge of
surface waves or rayleigh
waves and of plate waves
or lamb waves
表面波雷利波及平面波藍姆
波的延伸知識
creeping waves 蠕動波
Reflection and
refraction 反射及折射
Same as level 1 plus
acoustic pressure
與初級同再加上音壓
速度間的關係
49
Transmission and
reception of ultrasonic
waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Piezo-electric effect
壓電效應
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸
縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Materialdimensionspie
zo-electric constants
材料尺寸壓電系數
Characteristics of the
beam of acircular
transducer 圓形傳感器射
Transmission and reception
of ultrasonic waves
超音波的傳遞及接收
Same as level 1 與初級相同
Ferro-electricity or
electrostriction
鐵電性或電致伸縮
Magnetostriction 磁致伸縮
Transducer
characteristics
傳感器的特性
Same as level 1 (deeper
konwledge)
與初級相同(較深入的知識)
Characteristics of the beam
of acircular transducer
50
束的特性
Influence of transducer
frequency and diameter
傳感器頻率及直徑的影響
Near field(fresnel
zone) 近區域 (夫瑞奈區)
far field(fraunhofer
zone) 遠區域(夫朗和斐
區)
beam divergence 音束發
散
圓形傳感器射束的特性
Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
characteristics of the
beam of arectangular
transducer
長方形傳感器的音束特性
beam profiling音束的輪廓
Beam divergence factor
音束擴散因數
63
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
Various defects related
to the manufacturing
processes and service-
induced defects related
to the defined sectors
因製作過程產生的各種瑕
疵及運轉過程產生特定區
段的瑕疵
Implementation of the
E 40 Same as level 1 plus
與初級相同加上
tandem(zone)串聯(區間)
selection of transducers
for required resolution
and reduction of noise
(typefrequencysize)
因為要求的解析度及雜訊(型
式頻率大小)的減少對傳
E 80 Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Choice of techniques
(contactimmersiont
ransmissionresonanc
eetc)
技術的選擇(接觸浸入
傳遞回音等)
EMAT電磁音波傳感器
Multiple probe
E 80
51
testing techniques
according to products
and to expected
discontinuities
根據產品及預期瑕疵的檢
測技術執行
Influence of geometry
and structure(spurious
echoessound
attenuation)
幾何形狀與結構的影響(偽
波聲波衰減)
感器的選擇
immersion 浸入式
TOFD 繞道時間延遲
phased arrays 相位陣列
Influence of the main
parameters 主要參數的影響
arrays多探頭陣列
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc
對製造過程相關的治金
學及缺陷形式等廣泛的
了解和知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
typeetc
對運轉中的瑕疵包含相
關的治金學及缺陷形式
等的原因及形成廣泛的
52
了解和知識
64
Equipment 設備
Various probes
(normalangledual)
各種探頭(垂直角度雙
頭)
instruments(analogical
and digtal)
設備(數位類比)
pulse generation
脈波產生
reception and
amplification
(percentage and dB)
接收及放大(百分比分
貝)
range setting範圍設定
A- scan presentation A 掃描呈現
B- and C- scan presentation
B 和 C 掃描呈現
E 80
P 40
Same as level 1 plus
與初級同加上
detailed knowledge of the
different functions of UT
test equipment
UT 設備不同功能的詳細知識
automatic and
sermi-automatic systems
自動和半自動系統
B-and C- scan presentation
(deeper knowledge)
B 和 C 掃描呈現(更深入的知
識)
couplant (deeper
knowledge)
偶合劑(更深入的知識)
calibration reference and
transfer blocks校準參考
E 80
P 40
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
systems(manualsemi-
automaticautomatic)
speedincrementatio
nrepeatabilityetc
系統(手動半自動自
動)速度增加重覆性
等
analog flaw
detectors(different
circuits)類比缺陷檢
測器(不同電路)
digital flaw
detectors(comparison
with analog flaw
detectorssampling-r
ate)數位缺陷檢測器
(與類比瑕疵檢測器比
E 20
53
additional functions
額外功能
couplant偶合劑
及轉換規塊 較取樣頻率)
special equipment
including thickness
measurement特別設
備包含厚度量測
Probes探頭
dynamic range
動態範圍
probes for
immersionfocusedsp
hericalcylindrical
fermat surface
浸入式探頭聚焦的球
型的圓筒狀的費瑪表
面
measurement of pulse
length
脈波長度的量測
practical measurement
of the near fied
54
近場的實際量測
shoe(delaycurvature
etc)
探頭護腳 (延遲曲線
等)
connecting
cables(sealinginsul
ation and
flexibility)連接纜
線(密封絕緣及彈性)
blocks-representativ
ity規塊(代表性)
65
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written instructions
(prepared by a level 2 or
3)
書面指示(由中高級準備)
objectives主題
requirements要求
E 20 Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
contents and requirements
of instructionsprocedures
and standards
E 20
P 80
Same as level 2 plus
與中級相同加上
Selection of technical
parameters
技術參數的選擇
productsmdashgeometry
E 40
55
指示程序及標準的內容及要
求
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
Surface quality
accessibility
environmentetc
產品-幾何形狀表面品
質可及性環境等
UT indication
discontinuitydefect
超音波指示間斷缺陷
typeorginshapedim
ensionorientationt
iltskewetc
形式來源型狀尺寸
方向傾斜螺旋 等
properties of the
equipment設備的性質
Preparation of written
specifications
書面規範的準備
66
Testing 檢測
Verification of combined
equipment
E 80
P 160
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge)plus
E 120
P 160
Same as level 2 plus
與中級同加上
E 80
P 80
56
組合設備的驗證
(according to EN
12668-3)
根據 EN 12668-3
Standardized
calibration blocks
refEN 12223 and EN 27963
標準化校準規塊
參考EN 12223 and EN
27963
Contact technique
(straight and angle
beam)
接觸技術(直束及角束)
Reflection反射
Transmission穿透
Immersion techniques
(straight and angle
beam)
浸入技術(直束及角束)
與初級同(更深的知識)加上
reference reflectors (laws
of distance and size)參考
反射器(距離與大小的規律)
DGS-methodDGS 的方法
DAC-curves
距離振幅校正曲線
distanceamplitude
-correction
距離振幅校正
transfer correction
(surface and attenuation)
轉換校正(表面及衰減)
sizing techniques
principles and
limitations
尺寸量測技術原則及限制
scanning掃瞄
Control and assessment
of procedures and
instructions for their
efficiency
效率上程序及指示的控
制及評量
57
Reflection 反射
Transmission 穿透
Setting of range and
sensitivity
範圍及敏感度的設定
Reference reflectors
參考反射器
Tansfer correction
轉換更正
Ultrasonic thickness
measurement
超音波厚度量測
Equipment 設備
Techniques 技術
67
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Detectinglocating
(trigonometrical rules)
and sizing techniques
檢測定位(三角規則)及尺
寸量測技術
Recording and evaluation
E 40
P 40
Same as level 1(deeper
knowledge) plus
與初級同(較深的知識)加上
Characterization
(planarnon-planar
according to EN 1713 for
E 40
P 80
Use of complementary
NDT methods
互補式 NDT 方法的使用
interpretation of
relevant standards
and codes
E 40
P 40
58
level 紀錄及評估等級
Acceptance levels
接受等級
Test reports 檢測報告
System of coordinate
調節系統
Measurement (probe
reflector)
測量(探頭反射器)
Calculated values 計算值
welds)
特性化(為焊接的平面非平
面根據 EN 1713)
Interpretation and
evaluation of indications
指示的解釋及評估
相關標準與規範的解釋
evaluation
(conventional
approachvalidated
method)
評估(傳統的步驟確認
方法)
distinction
defectartifact
區別瑕疵人為加工痕
跡
acceptance criteria
接受條件
level of significant
variation
顯著差異的等級
storage and recording
process
儲存及記錄過程
68
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Evaluation and
confirmation of test
reports
E 40 Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 40
59
測驗報告的評估與確認
Application of the
acceptance接受的應用
criteria according to
standardscodes and
procedures
根據標準規範及程序的條件
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specificationsetc
較詳細的知識說明如何
分類及評量觀察分析結
果及與規範標準及設
計規格等的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specificationsetcin
to clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
instructions
將規範標準及設計規格
發展成明確的接受條件
便於寫入程序及指示
Also how to find
informationassistanc
e to investigate
60
observations not
covered by codes and
standaeds and develop
acceptance criteria
the training of level 1
and 2 for these
acceptance criteria
也包含如何調查不被規
範及標準涵蓋的資訊協
助將其開發成接受的條
件為了這些接受條件的
初中級訓練
69
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification and
responsibility
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格與責任(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 40
61
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
610
Development 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 10 Newest developments
for industrial and
scientific
applications of UT
egtomography
holography acoustic
microscopy
E 10
62
超音波在工業及科學應
用上的最新發展例如
斷層攝影法全像攝影
法音波顯微鏡
Total duration
全部時數
E 38
P 24
E 57
P 38
E 545
P 28
63
7 Eddy current testing---levels 1 2 and 3 渦電流檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
71
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is
the purpose of NDT At
what stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it
add value Who may carry
out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what is the
purpose of NDT At what
stage of the life of
aldquoproductis NDT
performed How does it add
value Who may carry out
NDT Main NDT methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的是什
麼在產品生命的什麼階段是
E 10 Generalities on NDT
NDT 的一般情形
Whet is testing what
is the purpose of NDT
At what stage of the
life of aldquoproductis
NDT performed How does
it add value Who may
carry out NDT Main NDT
methods
檢測是什麼NDT 的目的
E 05
64
什麼在產品生命的什麼階
段是 NDT 的表現時間它如
何增加價值誰能執行NDT
最主要的 NDT 方法
Eddy current testing
渦電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待測
物間的電磁交互作用提供
待測物的物理特徵
History of the method 方
法的歷史
NDT 的表現時間它如何增加
價值誰能執行 NDT最主要的
NDT 方法
Eddy current testing 渦電流
檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test object
conducting electricity
providing information on
physical characteristics of
the test object
定義在感測器及導電待測物
間的電磁交互作用提供待測
物的物理特徵
History of the method 方法
的歷史
Terminology 術語
是什麼在產品生命的什
麼階段是 NDT 的表現時
間它如何增加價值誰
能執行NDT最主要的NDT
方法
Eddy current testing 渦
電流檢測
Definition
electromagnetic
interaction between a
sensor and a test
object conducting
electricity providing
information on
physical
characteristics of the
test object
定義在感測器及導電待
測物間的電磁交互作用
提供待測物的物理特徵
65
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
History of the method
方法的歷史
Terminology 術語
EN 1130-1 and EN 1330-2
EN 1330-5
72
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理與相關知
識
Notions necessary
for understanding
eddy current
testing The
knowledge
associated with
the physical
principles
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 12084 General
principles 一般原理
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
currentvoltageresista
nceconductance ohms
lawresistivityconduct
ivityunitsconductivit
y values for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電
導歐姆定律電阻性電導
性單位某些金屬的導電
E 50
P 20
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current current
voltage resistance
conductance ohms law
resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values for
some metals
直流電流電壓電阻電導
歐姆定律電阻性電導性單
E 50
P 40
Fundamentals 基本原理
Electricitymdashelements
電性mdash元素
Direct current
current voltage
resistance
conductance ohms
law resistivity
conductivityunits
conductivity values
for some metals
直流電流電壓電阻
E 40
66
(physicsmathemat
ics)mayas well
be the object of a
preliminary
course of training
了解渦電流檢測的
必要觀念與物理原
理(物理數學)有關
的知識也是這訓練
初步課程的主題
值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振
幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
fieldlines of force
magnetic field strength
Permeabilityflux
density(induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強
度導磁性磁通密度(電磁
感應)磁通磁滯曲線單
位
位某些金屬的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period phase
交流正弦電流及電壓振幅
頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic field
lines of force magnetic
field strength
Permeability flux density
(induction) Flux
Hysteresis loop
Reluctance magneto-motive
force Units
磁性磁場磁力線磁場強度
導磁性磁通密度(電磁感應)
電導歐姆定律電阻性
電導性單位某些金屬
的導電值
Alternating current
sinusoidal current and
voltage amplitude
frequency period
phase
交流正弦電流及電壓
振幅頻率週期相位
Magnetism 磁性
Magnetism magnetic
field lines of force
magnetic field
strength
Permeability flux
density (induction)
Flux Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
magneto-motive force
Units
67
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromagne
tic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的
磁場電磁感應現象感應
性電磁耦合感應電流及
二次側電場楞次定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
depth of penetration
amplitudephase
滲透深度振幅相位
磁通磁滯曲線磁阻生磁力
單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁性 順
磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁學
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire coil)
Electromagnetic induction
phenomenon
inductanceelectromagnetic
couplinginduced currents
and secondary fieldLenzs
law
由電流(線線圈)所產生的磁
場電磁感應現象 感應性通
電磁耦合感應電流及二次側
電場楞次定律
磁性磁場磁力線磁場
強度導磁性磁通密度
(電磁感應)磁通磁滯
曲線磁阻生磁力單位
Diamagnetism
paramagnetism
ferromagnetism反磁
性 順磁性磁鐵學
Electromagnetism 電磁
學
Magnetic field created
by a current (wire
coil) Electromagnetic
induction phenomenon
inductanceelectromag
netic couplinginduced
currents and secondary
fieldLenzs law
由電流(線線圈)所產生
的磁場電磁感應現象
感應性電磁耦合感應
電流及二次側電場楞次
68
characteristic
frequency特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Eddy current distribution
in conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深度振
幅相位
Cylindrical conductors
圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane diagrams
阻抗平面圖
定律
Eddy current
distribution in
conducting materials
導電物質中的渦電流分
佈
planar wavestandard
deph of penetration
amplitudephase
平面波標準的滲透深
度振幅相位
Cylindrical
conductors圓柱形導體
characteristic
frequency 特性頻率
Impedance阻抗
Complex plane
representation
複雜平面的代表
Impedance plane
diagrams阻抗平面圖
73 Applications of eddy E 40 Manufacturing related E 30 Manufacturing related E 30
69
Product knowledge
and related
capability of the
method and
derivated
techniques
產品知識和方法及
延伸技術的相關性
能
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting 金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
物理參數的測量導電性
肥粒鐵含量鍍膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
non-contacthigh-speed
high-temperaturemay be
mechanized
P 40
discontinuities(typical
flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities (flaws)使
用引起的瑕疵 (缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy current
testing conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢測導
電導磁性
product characteristics
influencing eddy current
testing產品特性影響渦電流
檢測
condition (surface
conditionheat
treatmentcold working
temperatureetc)shape
wall thickness
accessibility
P 30 discontinuities(typic
al flaws)
加工相關的瑕疵 (典型
缺陷)
Service induced
discontinuities
(flaws)使用引起的瑕疵
(缺陷)
Material properties
influencing eddy
current testing
conductivity
permeability
材料性質影響渦電流檢
測導電導磁性
product
characteristics
influencing eddy
current testing
產品特性影響渦電流檢
測
condition (surface
P 30
70
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequencymultifrequenc
ymultiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
狀況(表面情形熱處理冷加
工溫度等)
形狀壁厚可及性
Products being tested
檢測物品
semi-finished products
pipes heat exchanger
tubesmechanical
parts(egcarrailway and
aircraft industry)
welds(egoffshore)
半成品管路熱交換管機械
零件(例汽車鐵路及航空工
業)焊接(例離岸)
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting金屬分類
Measurement of a phyaical
parameter物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
conditionheat
treatmentcold
working
temperatureetc)shap
e wall thickness
accessibility
狀況(表面情形熱處理
冷加工溫度等)形狀
壁厚 可及性
Applications of eddy
current testing
渦電流檢測的應用
Metal sorting
金屬分類
Measurement of a
phyaical parameter
物理參數的測量
conductivityferrite
contentthickness of
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍
71
coatingsetc
導電性肥鐵粒含量鍍膜厚度
等
Detection of local
discontinuities (flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-speedhig
h-temperaturemay be
mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加工
Techniques single
frequency multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
規範及標準
膜厚度等
Detection of local
discontinuities
(flaws)
區域瑕疵(缺陷)的檢測
Capabilities性能
depth of penetration
conductive materials
滲透深度導電材料
Non-contacthigh-spee
dhigh-temperaturema
y be mechanized
非接觸高速高溫可加
工
Techniques single
frequency
multifrequency
multiparameter
技術單頻多頻多參數
Remote fied遙控場
Codes and standards
72
規範及標準
74
Equipment 設備
Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefere
nce blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal
display 輸出及信號顯示
E 30
Eddy current testing system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentprobereference
blocks儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN 13860-2
General purpose application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本功能
Specific application
instruments特殊應用儀器
Probe functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的傳送-
接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial
E 60 Eddy current testing
system
渦電流檢測系統
instrumentproberefe
rence blocks
儀器探頭參考規塊
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13860-1 and EN
13860-2
General purpose
application
instrument essential
functions
一般目的應用儀器基本
功能
Specific application
instruments
特殊應用儀器
Probe
E 40
73
探頭系列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolutediff
erentialothers
測量絕對差異其他
Output and signal display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignproduction
storage
參考規塊材料設計生產儲
存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
Codes and standards
規範及標準
functionscombined
or separate
transmitndashreceive
探頭功用複合或分別的
傳送-接收
Probe family
surfacecoaxial 探頭系
列表面軸心
Probe designs探頭設計
Measurementsabsolute
differentialothers
測量絕對 差異其他
Output and signal
display
輸出及信號顯示
Reference blocks
materialdesignprodu
ctionstorage
參考規塊材料設計
生產儲存
Mechanized equipment
加工設備
74
Codes and standards
規範及標準
75
Information prior
to testing
檢測前的準備資料
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的情
形形狀預期瑕疵的形式
及位置產品的任務檢查
的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperature
humidityaccessavailab
ilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
E 20 Information on the product
grade metallurgical
condition shape type of
discontinuities
anticipated and location
duty of the productExtent
of examination
產品資訊等級治金的情形
形狀預期瑕疵的形式及位置
產品的任務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperaturehum
idityaccessavailability
unwanted interfering
signalselectric andor
magnetic disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼度
路徑可獲性不希望的干擾信
號電和或磁干擾
E 20
Information on the
product grade
metallurgical
condition shape type
of discontinuities
anticipated and
location duty of the
productExtent of
examination
產品資訊等級治金的
情形形狀預期瑕疵的
形式及位置產品的任
務檢查的程度
Information on test
conditionstemperatur
ehumidityaccessava
ilabilityunwanted
interfering
signalselectric
andor magnetic
E 20
75
檢測條件的資訊溫度溼
度路徑可獲性不希望的
干擾信號電和或磁干擾
Preparation of written
instructions
書面指示的準備
disturbances
檢測條件的資訊溫度
溼度路徑可獲性不希
望的干擾信號電和或
磁干擾
Use of other NDT
methods
其他 NDT 方法的使用
Codesstandards
specifications
規範標準詳述
76
Testing 檢測
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Operating conditions操
作條件
excitation frequency
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks design
production storage
參考規塊設計生產儲存
Probeselectionas a result
of the information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊的結
果
Operating conditions as a
E 20
P 120
Reference blocks
design production
storage
參考規塊設計生產儲
存
Probeselectionas a
result of the
information in 75
探頭選擇由於 75 資訊
E 30
P 30
76
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率
(若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭
擺動及中心
Calibration curves校正
曲線
Settings data
acquisition procedure
instructions
設定資料擷取程序指示
result of the information in
75
操作條件由於 75 資訊的結
果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻率 (若
是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe vibration
and centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探頭擺動
及中心
Calibration curves校正曲
線
Settings data acquisition
procedure
設定資料擷取程序
的結果
Operating conditions
as a result of the
information in 75
操作條件由於 75 資訊
的結果
excitation frequency
andif necessary
auxiliary frequencies
激磁頻率以及輔助頻
率 (若是需要)
probe speedprobe
clearanceprobe
vibration and
centring
探頭速度探頭間隙探
頭擺動及中心
Calibration curves
校正曲線
77
Settings data
acquisition procedure
設定資料擷取程序
77
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
(Evaluation not
applicable)
評估不適用
Reporting 報告
Examination report 檢查
報告
E 10
P 10
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of the
indications指示的特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequency
analysisdata analysis
procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資料分析
程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level 報告等級
Examination report 檢查報告
E 20
P 20
Evaluation 評估
Characterization of
the indications指示的
特性
single frequency
analysismultifrequen
cy analysisdata
analysis procedure
單頻分析多頻分析資
料分析程序
Reporting 報告
Reporting level
報告等級
Examination report
檢查報告
E 30
P 20
78
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 - Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 20 Acceptance criteria
接受條件
E 40
78
Codes standards 規範標準
Significance of
discontinuities
瑕疵的重要
Codes standards
規範標準
79
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473 及
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追溯性
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追溯性
Other NDT
qualification and
E 20
P 40
79
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
710
Developments
發展
(Not applicable)不適用 - General information
一般資訊
E 10 Array probes 陣列探頭
Pulsed eddy currents
脈衝渦電流
Non inductive
techniquesmagneto-
optical Imaging
SQUIDGiant
magneto-resistance
非激磁技術磁-光影像
超導量子干涉磁量儀巨
磁阻
Imaging 影像
Modeling 建模
E 40
P 20
80
Total duration
全部時數
E 190
P 190
E 250
P 230
E 295
P 140
81
8 Penetrant testing 液滲檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
81
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Penetrant 滲透劑
Developer 顯像劑
Remover 清除劑
Reference block example
參考規塊範例
E 05 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感度等
級
Post emulsifiable 後乳化
Dual purpose penetrant 雙重
目標的滲透劑
E 10 History 歷史
Purpose 用途
Terminology 術語
Product family 產品家
族
EN ISO 12706
Sensitivity level 敏感
度等級
Post emulsifiable 後乳
化
E 20
82
Background 背景 Dual purpose penetrant
兩用滲透劑
Background 背景
82
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
方法的物理原理與
相關知識
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of
penetrant 滲透劑的乳化
Development 顯影
Coloured and fluorescent
penetrant 色比及螢光滲
透劑
E 05 Relevant standards相關標
準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Viscosity 黏性
Bleed out 滲出
Capillarity 毛細管作用
Flash point 閃點
Emulsification of penetrant
滲透劑的乳化
E 20 Relevant standards相
關標準
EN 571-1 General
principles 一般原理
Physical basics of the
method 方法的物理基礎
Superficial tension 表
面張力
Viscosity 黏性
Contact angle 接觸角
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
83
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding etc)
各製造過程(鍛造鑄造
E 10
P 20
Typical defects according
to the manufacturing
process (forgings
castings rolling
welding etc) 各製造過程
(鍛造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
E 15
P 15
Typical defects
according to the
manufacturing process
(forgings castings
rolling welding
etc) 各製造過程(鍛
E 20
83
產品知識方法的特
性及其延伸技術
滾軋焊接等)的典型缺陷 的典型缺陷
造鑄造滾軋焊接等)
的典型缺陷
Welding process 焊接
過程
casting process 鑄造
過程
process of rolled bars
滾軋的過程
84
Equipment 設備
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備
及裝置的設計與操作
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN
3452-3 and EN 3452-4) 浸
泡設備刷淨光源量測
單位及參考規塊(EN
E 10
P 10
Design and operation of
penetrant installations
and units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系統流
化床
Aerosol spray cans 壓力噴罐
Dip installations
brushing light sources
measuring units and
reference blocks (EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備刷
E 20 Design and operation of
penetrant
installations and
units 液滲檢測設備及裝
置的設計與操作
Semi-automatic and
automatic systems 半自
動及全自動系統
Electrostatic systems
fluidized bed 靜電系
統滴流架
Aerosol spray cans 壓力
噴罐
E 20
84
3452-3 and EN 3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
淨光源量測單位及參考
規塊(EN 3452-3 and EN
3452-4)
Viewing condition (EN ISO
3059) 觀察條件
Dip installations
brushing light
sources measuring
units and reference
blocks (EN 3452-3 and
EN 3452-4) 浸泡設備
刷淨光源量測單位
及參考規塊(EN 3452-3
and EN 3452-4)
(According to various
standards eg EN ISO
3452-4)根據不同的標準
Viewing condition (EN
ISO 3059) 觀察條件
85
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Verification that the
test object is in
suitable condition for
testing 確認檢測物件在
是在合適的狀態下進行檢
測
E 05 Information about the test
object prepare written
instructions 關於檢測物件
的資訊準備書面規則
Identification or
E 10
P 10
Prepare written
procedure 準備書面程序
Identification or
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions
E 40
85
Written instructions are
given 提供書面規則
designation 確認或指定
Material dimensions field
of application 材料尺寸
應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產品家
族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀況
條件
Applicable standards and
codes assigned to the test
object 檢測物件適用的標準
與規範
field of application 材
料尺寸應用範圍
Kind of product family
catalogue of defects 產
品家族的種類缺陷目錄
Test conditions 檢測狀
況條件
Applicable standards
and codes assigned to
the test object 檢測物
件適用的標準與規範
86
Testing 檢測
Performance of the test
檢測的實行
According to written
instructions 根據書面的
規則
E 10
P 10
Preparation and
performance of the test 檢
測的準備與實行
Preparation of written
instructions according to
E 10
P 30
Preparation of the test
檢測的準備
According to EN 571-1
根據 EN 571-1
E 10
86
EN 1371-1EN 10228-2 EN
1289
根據 EN 1371-1EN 10228-2
EN 1289 準備書面規則
87
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Test report 檢測報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
rolled products滾軋的
產品
Viewing conditions
E 10
P 20
E 05
P 10
Check test report 檢查檢測
報告
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1 的焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1 的鑄
造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN 10228-2 的
鍛造
Basics of evaluation 評估
的基礎
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO 3059
E 10
P 05
E 10
P 15
Written procedure with
check of test reports
檢查檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
571-1 根據 EN 571-1的
焊接
casting according to EN
1371-1 根據 EN 1371-1
的鑄造
forging according to EN
10228-2 根據 EN
10228-2 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
評估的基礎
E 10
E 10
87
according to EN ISO 3059
根據
EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block No 2
(according to EN ISO
3452-3) 2 號參考規塊(根
據 EN ISO 3452-3)
Verification the
indication quality 指示
品質的驗證
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 焊道鍛
件滾軋製品及鑄件瑕疵的
報告
E 10
P 10
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察條件
Reference block Nos 1 and 2
according to EN ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1 及 2
號參考規塊
Other used reference blocks
其他使用的參考規塊
Calibration of test units
batch test report 檢測報告
中檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the indication
quality 指示品質的驗證
Report of discontinuities
according to EN 1289 EN
1371-1 EN 10228-2
E 10
P 15
Viewing conditions
according to EN ISO
3059
根據 EN ISO 3059 的觀察
條件
Reference block Nos 1
and 2 according to EN
ISO 3452-3
根據 EN ISO 3452-3 的 1
及 2號參考規塊
Other used reference
blocks 其他使用的參考
規塊
Calibration of test
units 檢測設備的校正
Evaluation 評估
Verification the
indication quality 指
示品質的驗證
E 05
88
根據 EN 1289 EN 1371-1 EN
10228-2 對間斷不連續性的
報告
88
Assessment 評量
Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續
性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方向
E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連續性
間斷的評量
Influence of manufacture
and material 製造加工與材
料的影響
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities 不連
續性間斷的評量
Depth width shape
position orientation
深寬形狀位置方
向
E 05
89
Quality aspects
品質方面
Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712) 人員資格(根據
EN 473 及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712) 人員資格(根據 EN 473
及 ISO 9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
規則
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712) 人員資格
(根據 EN 473 及 ISO
9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
E 20
P 30
89
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
合適的 NDT 應用與產品標準的
回顧
procedures 工作程序的
形式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT品質與認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
810
Environmental and
safety conditions
環境與安全條件
Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process
excess removal 去除檢測
過程中多餘的滲透液
E 05 Disposing of chemicals 化
學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Developer 顯影劑
Emulsifier 乳化劑
Material of process excess
removal 去除檢測過程中多餘
的滲透液
E 20 Disposing of chemicals
化學物的處置
Penetrants 滲透劑
Soluble Remover
developer 可溶性移除
劑顯影劑
Safety data sheets 物
質安全資料表
E 15
90
Safety data sheet 物質安
全資料表
Safety data sheet 物質安全
資料表
Active carbon method
ultrafiltration method 活
性碳法超過濾法
UV-radiation electrical
hazard 紫外線輻射電氣危險
disposal is regulated by
national regulations
處置是由國家法規所規範
UV-radiation
electrical hazard 紫外
線輻射電氣危險
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
合適的 NDT應用與產品標
準的回顧
811
Developments 發展
(Not applicable) 不適用 Special installations 特別
裝置
Automotive installations
(examples) 自動裝置 (例如)
E 05 Creative and
innovative special
installations 具創意
及新穎的特別裝置
Automotive
installations
(examples) 自動裝置
(例如)
Tube installations 管
狀裝置
E 05
Total duration
全部時數
E 9
P 8
E 16
P 11
E 20
P 3
91
9 Magnetic particle testing 磁粒檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
91
Introduction
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 05 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle testing
磁粒檢測的介紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
13 History 歷史
E 10 1 Introduction 介紹
11 Presentation of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的介
紹
12 Applicability and
limits 應用與限制
E 10
92
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
14 Terminology (EN 1330-7)
術語
13 History 歷史
14 Terminology (EN
1330-7)術語
92
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Basic physical phenomena
in terms of general
description 基礎物理現
象的一般敘述
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field
created by electric
circuits 電路所產生的磁
場
24 Passage of the flux
from a magnetic medium to
E 35
Basic physical phenomena
基礎物理現象
21 Electric circuits
typical values units 電
路典型值單位
22 Magnetic circuits
typical values units 磁
路典型值單位
23 Magnetic field created
by electric circuits 電路所
產生的磁場
231 Indefinite
rectilinear conductor 未定
義的直線導體
232 Long magnetic coil 長
E 40 Basics 基礎
21 Diamagnetism ndash
Paramagnetism 反磁性-
順磁性
22 Ferromagnetism ndash
Ferrimagnetism 磁鐵性
-鐵氧體磁性
23 Magnetic fields
characterization and
measurements 磁場特徵
與量測
24 Magnetic field
(Magnetizing force) H
- magnetic Induction
(Magnetic flux
density) B 磁化力 H -
E 40
93
a non magnetic media 從
磁性物到非磁性物磁通量
的通路磁通量
25 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity
磁間斷的磁通量
26 Influence of depth
and orientation of a
magnetic discontinuity
on its detection 檢測
上磁間斷的深度與方向的
影響
27 Magnetic properties
of materials 材料的磁特
徵
28 Nonmagnetic
materials 非磁性材料
29 Magnetic materials
磁線圈
233 Short or flat
magnetizing coil 短或平面
的磁線圈
234 Passage of the flux of
a magnetic in a non magnetic
media 在非磁性物上磁通量的
通過
235 Continuity of HT
磁化力 HT 的連續性
236 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
237 Magnetic flux of a
magnetic discontinuity 磁間
斷的磁通量
238 Influence of the
geometry (depth thickness
and orientation) and of the
orientation of a magnetic
磁通密度 B
25 Hysteresis cycle
and remarkable points
磁滯曲線與標示點
26 Influence of the
temperature on the
magnetic properties 溫
度對磁特徵的影響
27 Principle of
magnetic particle
testing 磁粒檢測的原
理
28 Influence of the
interface between a
magnetic medium and a
nonmagnetic medium磁性
物與非磁性物介面的影
響
281 Continuity of HT
94
Curie point 磁性材料居
里點
Relevant standards 相
關標準
EN ISO 9934-1 General
principles 一般原理
discontinuity on its
detection 幾何形狀(深度厚
度與方向)及磁間斷的方向對
檢測的影響
24 Magnetic properties 磁
特徵
25 Designation of alloys
合金的指定
26 Non magnetic materials
非磁性材料
27 Magnetic materials
磁性材料
271 Field of application
應用範圍
272 Curie Point 居里點
273 Curve of the first
magnetization 第一磁化曲線
274 Hysteresis cycle and
remarkable points 磁滯曲線
與標示點
磁化力 HT 的連續性
282 Continuity of BN
磁通密度 BN 的連續性
29 Influence of the
orientation of the
discontinuity on
magnetic flux 間斷的方
向對磁通量影響
210 Behaviour of a
magnetic particle in
the vicinity of a
magnetic flux 磁粒在磁
通量附近區域的行為
211 Influence of
geometry (depth
thickness and
orientation) on
detectability 幾何形狀
(深度厚度與方向)及磁
間斷的方向對檢測的影
響
95
275 Magnetic properties
of steels 鋼的磁特徵
212 Magnetic
properties of
principal
ferromagnetic alloys
主要磁鐵合金的磁特徵
2121 Magnetic field
H magnetic induction
B relative magnetic
permeability micror
coercitive force Hc
electrical resistivity
ρ
磁化力 H磁通密度 B
相對導磁率 micror矯頑磁力
Hc電阻率ρ
21221 Influence of
composition heat
treatments and work
hardening of the steel
熱處理及加工硬化對鋼
的組織影響
96
21222 Influence of
work hardening
Influence of heat
treatment 加工硬化的
影響熱處理的影響
21222 Particular
alloys eg
Permalloys Invar
Inconel 特殊合金例
如透磁合金鎳鐵合
金鎳基超合金
93
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
31 Typical
discontinuities
according to the
production process
(welds forgings
castings and roller
products) 根據產品製程
(銲接鍛造鑄造及滾軋
產品)的典型間斷
E 40
P 30
31 Typical discontinuities
in welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接鍛造
鑄造及滾軋產品及其指示的典
型間斷
32 Testing parameters 檢
E 60
P 30
31 Typical
discontinuities in
welds forgings
castings and roller
products and their
indications 對銲接
鍛造鑄造及滾軋產品及
其指示的典型間斷
E 60
97
32 Testing parameters
檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and test
of detection media
indication 磁化檢測介
質及檢測介質指示
測參數
Magnetization detection
media and test of detection
media indication 磁化檢
測介質及檢測介質指示
32 Testing
parameters 檢測參數
Magnetization
detection media and
test of detection media
indication 磁化檢測
介質及檢測介質指示
94
Equipment 設備
41 Magnetizing
equipment 磁化設備
42 Viewing condition 觀
察條件
43 Measurement and
calibration 量測與校正
44 Demagnetization 退
磁化
Relevant standards相關
標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and
EN ISO 9934-3
E 20
P 10
41 Various types 不同形式
411 Portable
electromagnet 可攜式電磁體
412 Mobile 移動型
413 Magnetic benches 磁性
長條
414 Automatic and
robotized with automatic
detection (magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化的自
動檢測(磁漏場)
42 Sources of light and
E 30
P 10
41 Mobile or fixed
equipment using
magnetic flow
technique or current
flow technique 使用磁
流量技術或電流量技術
的移動或固定設備
42 Automatic and
robotized with
automatic detection
(magnetic leakage
field) 自動及機械人化
的自動檢測(磁漏場)
Relevant standards 相
98
conditions of illumination
光源及照明條件
43 Accessories 附件
431 Flux indicators and
products indicators 磁通量
指示器及產品指示器
432 Field strength
measuring devices 測量設備
的磁場強度
433 Photometers and
radiometers 光度計及輻射器
44 Considerations on the
choice of the equipment (EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)裝備選擇的考慮(EN
ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3)
441 Elements to be taken
into account materials and
components to be
controlled zones to be
controlled goal of the
test place and environment
關標準
EN ISO 9934-2 and EN ISO
9934-3
99
需考慮的元件要管控的材料
及零件要管控的檢測區域
目標場地與環境
442 Choice of the
technique type of current
Magnetic flow technique
(open and closed circuit)
選擇現有加磁技術(開放與封
閉電路)形式
45 Current flow
technique mdash induced
current flow combined
system multidirectional
magnetization and rotating
field 現有磁化技術-感應電
流量整合系統多方向性磁
化及旋轉磁場
95
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
51 Application of a
written instructions 書
面規則的應用
E 05
P 05
51 Identification or
designation 確認或指定
material材料
kind of manufacture製造
加工方式
catalogue of defects缺陷型
E 10
P 05
51 Identification or
designation確認或指定
material 材料
kind of manufacture製
造加工方式
catalogue of defects缺
E 20
100
錄
test condition and
application of standard檢
測條件與標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure 基礎建設
particular test condition
特別檢測條件
Application standard
Overview 應用標準瀏覽
Standard and codes assigned
to the test objects檢測物件
指定的標準與規範
Acceptance criteria 接受標
準
52 Preparation of written
instructions 書面規則
的準備
53 Documents 文件
54 Presentation of the
standards codes and
procedures 現有標準規範與
程序
陷型錄
test condition and
application of
standard 檢測條件與
標準的應用
accessibility可及性
infrastructure基礎建
設
particular test
condition特別檢測條件
application standard
Overview應用標準瀏覽
standard and codes
assigned to the test
objects檢測物件指定的
標準與規範
acceptance criteria接
受標準
52 Preparation of
written instructions書
面規則的準備
53 Documents文件
54 Presentation of the
101
standards codes and
procedures現有標準規
範與程序
96
Testing 檢測
6 Testing according to
the written instructions
根據書面規則的檢測
61 Surface preparation
表面準備
62 Cleaning machining
清洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application
磁化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介
質的應用
Recording of
discontinuities 間段不
連續的記錄
continuous technique 連
續技術
E 35
P 15
6 Testing 檢測
61 Surface preparation 表
面準備
62 Cleaning machining 清
洗加工
63 Use of contrast paint
對比色差的使用
64 Magnetization types
and time of application 磁
化形態與應用時間
65 Application of the
detection media 檢測介質的
應用
66 continuous technique 連
續技術
Remanence technique 剩磁技
術
68 Grid and covering 格線
及覆蓋
E 50
P 25
6 Testing 檢測
61 Preparation of the
parts and influence of
the surface quality 零
件準備以及表面品質的
影響
62 Means of
magnetization Values
of the parameters
Continuous or
simultaneous method
Remanence method Flux
indicators 磁化方法
參數值連續或同時方
法剩磁法磁通量指示
器
63 Choice of the
detection media
products indicators 檢
測介質的選擇產品指示
E 60
102
Remanence technique 剩
磁技術
68 Grid and covering 格
線及覆蓋
69 Control of
conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件
的控制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢
測後零件的處理
611 Residual field 殘留
場
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化
的基本原則
613 Demagnetization
69 Control of conditions of
magnetization 磁化條件的控
制
610 Treatment of
components after test 檢測
後零件的處理
611 Residual field
Conditions requiring
demagnetization Level of
residual field 殘留場退磁
化要求的條件殘留場的等級
612 Basic principle of
demagnetization 退磁化的基
本原則
613 Demagnetization
Industrial methods of
demagnetization and
influence of terrestrial
器
64 Treatment of
components after test
檢測後零件的處理
65 Demagnetization
退磁化
66 Principle minimal
value of the magnetic
field of
demagnetization
frequency effect of
skin and calculation of
magnetizing coil退磁化
磁場的原則與最小值頻
率集膚效應磁化線圈
的計算
67 Level of residual
field according to the
later use of material
根據最近使用材料的殘
103
Industrial methods of
demagnetization 退磁
化退磁化的工業方法
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
magnetic field 退磁化退磁
化的工業方法以及地球磁場
的影響
614 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
留磁場等級
68 Influence of
terrestrial magnetic
field 地球磁場的影響
69 Cleaning of the
components 零件的清洗
97
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
71 Classification of
the indications 指示的
區分
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290 的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369 的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
10228-1 的鍛造
rolled products 滾軋的
產品
E 25
P 40
71 Test report 檢測報告
Check test report 檢察檢測
報告
Basic of evaluation 評估的
基礎
Viewing conditions (EN ISO
3059)according to reference
block other used reference
blocks calibration of test
units batch test report
根據參考規塊其他使用的參
考規塊檢測單位的校正批
次檢測報告的觀察條件 (EN
ISO 3059)
E 30
P 35
71 Test report 檢測報
告
Written procedure with
check of test reports
核對檢測報告的書寫程
序
welding according to EN
1290 根據 EN 1290的銲
接
casting according to EN
1369 根據 EN 1369的壓
鑄
forging according to EN
10228-1 根據 EN
E 30
104
Viewing conditions
according to reference
block 根據參考規塊的觀
察條件
Verification of the
indication quality (EN
ISO 3059) 指示品質的確
認(EN ISO 3059)
Report of simple
welding forging rolled
products and casting
imperfections 簡易的銲
接鍛造滾軋產品及鑄造
的瑕疵報告
Evaluation and verification
of the indication quality
指示品質的評估與確認
Report of imperfections
according to EN 1290 EN
1369 EN 10228-1
根據 EN 1290 EN 1369 EN
10228-1 的瑕疵報告
10228-1 的鍛造
Basics of evaluation
viewing conditions (EN
ISO 3059) according to
reference block other
used reference blocks
calibration of test
units根據參考規塊其
他使用的參考規塊檢測
單位的校正的評估與觀
察條件的基礎
Evaluation and
verification of the
indication quality指
示品質的評估與確認
98
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable)不適用 E 05 Assessment of
discontinuities influence
of manufacture and
material因著製造加工與材
料所致間斷的影響評量
E 10 Assessment of
discontinuities
influence of
manufacture and
material因著製造加
工與材料所致間斷的影
E 10
105
響評量
99
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)根據 EN 473 and
ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions 書面
指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards適用 NDT 的應用及
產品標準的回顧
E 10
P 20
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)根據 EN
473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures 工作程序的
格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
E 20
P 30
106
NDT application and
product standards 適
用 NDT的應用及產品標準
的回顧
910
Environmental and
Safety conditions
環境與安全條件
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)
與產品(磁性墨水)有關的
風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation
與強力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)流
出物的棄置及環境條件(觀
念)
E 05 10 Health and safety 健康與
安全
101 Electric risks hazards
電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to the
products (magnetic inks)與
產品(磁性墨水)有關的風險
103 Risks related to the
ultraviolet radiation 與強
力輻射有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and environmental
conditions (concepts)流出
物的棄置及環境條件(觀念)
105 Safety data sheet 物質
安全資料表
E 10
10 Health and safety 健
康與安全
101 Electric risks
hazards 電氣傷害風險
102 Risks related to
the products (magnetic
inks)與產品(磁性墨水)
有關的風險
103 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiation 與強力輻射
有關的風險
104 Disposal of the
effluents and
environmental
conditions (concepts)
流出物的棄置及環境條
件(觀念)
E 10
107
105 Safety data sheet
物質安全資料表
105 Harmfulness and
toxicity of the
products 產品的危害
與毒性
106 Treatment and
rejection of the
effluents
environmental
conditions 流出物的
處理與拒絕環境條件
107 Fire hazards 火的
危險
108 Risks related to
the ultraviolet
radiations 與強力輻射
有關的風險
911
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 mdash
Special installation and
equipment 特殊安裝其設備
E 10 New techniques 新技術
Creative and
innovative special
installations具創意
與新穎的特別設備
E 10
108
Total duration
全部時數
E 185
P 100
E 270
P 125
E 31
P 3
109
10 Leak testing 探漏檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
The letters EB and EC followed by a value indicate educational time for pressure method and educational time
for tracer gas method
字母 EB 及 EC 接著的數字分別代表壓力及追蹤氣體方法的教育時間
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
101
Introduction to
terminology and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Material loss prevention
預防材料損失
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak testing
探漏檢測的原因
Component system
reliability 零件系統可靠度
E 10 History of Leak testing
探漏檢測的歷史
Reasons for leak
testing
探漏檢測的原因
E 10
110
Contamination 污染
Fundamental terminology
基本術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
EN 1330-8
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals 基礎
Pressure difference
maintenance 壓差保持
Terminology 術語
Leakage terms 洩漏項目
Leak tightness 密封性
Quantitativesermi-quantit
ativequalitative
定性半定性定量
Leak and leak detection 洩
漏及探漏檢測
Fundamentals基礎
Leakage-finding
principles發現洩漏的原則
Choice of method方法的選擇
EN 1779Guide to method
Selection 方法選擇的導引
Terminology 術語
Leak and leak detection
洩漏及探漏檢測
Proper selection of
leak testing as method
choice
合適的選擇探漏檢測作
為選擇的方法
differences between
leak testing and others
methods
探漏檢測及其他方法之
間的差別
complementary roles
of leak testing and
other methods
探漏檢測和其他方法的
互補作用
factor that qualifies
111
the use of leak
testing
夠資格使用探漏檢測的
因素
102
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關知
識
Physical behaviour of
gases
氣體的物理行為
Law and fundamentals
規律及基礎原理
Pressure 壓力
Pressure as force on unit
area
壓力是單位面積上的受力
Main pressure units
主要壓力單位
Vapour pressure 蒸氣壓
E 20
Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Structure of matter
(fundamental)
物質的結構(基本的)
Atomic theory 原子理論
Ionization and ion pairs
離子化及離子對
State of matter物質的狀態
Molecular structure
分子結構
Diatomic and monatomic
molecules
雙原子和單原子的分子
molecular weight分子量
Solid-liquid and liquid
E 30 Physical behaviour of
matter
物質的物理行為
Perfect and real gases
理想及實際氣體
Vapour pressure and its
effects in a vacuum
蒸氣壓力及其在真空中
的效果
Pressure 壓力
Definition of pressure
from the kinetic theory
of gas
從氣體動力學的氣壓定
義
E 30
112
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Different range
不同區間
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Definition 定義
Leakage as a flow
洩漏成氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units 單位
Degassing 除氣
Practical implications
實際的含意
vapour固液及液氣
state changes狀態改變
Gas laws and fundamentals
氣體定律及基礎
Brownian movements布朗運
動
P-V and P-T diagrams
壓力-體積和壓力-溫度的圖
Pascals law帕斯卡定律
CharlesBoyle and Gay
Lussacs laws
查理玻爾和蓋伊呂薩克定律
Daltons law of partial
pressure道爾頓分壓定律
Relationship between
mean free path and
pressure
平均自由路徑及壓力之
間的關係
Perfect gas law 理想氣
流
The equation and its
use for leakage
calculation
公式及用在洩漏的計算
Pressure range in
vacuum 真空中壓力範圍
Relationship between
mean free path and
vacuum range
平均自由路徑及真空範
圍的關係
Flow in vacuum
113
Virtual and real leak
虛與實的洩漏
Concept and difference
觀念及差異
perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage
calculation
理想氣體方程式及其應用於洩
漏計算
mean free-path definition
and meaning
平均自由路徑的定義及意義
gas properties氣體特性
kinetic theory of
gas(fundamental)
氣體動力理論(基礎)
Avogadros law
亞彿加厥定律
Gas mixture and
concentration
氣體混合及濃度
真空中的氣流
flow and kinetic
theory 氣流及動力理論
factors affecting gas
flow 影響氣流的因素
leak rate versus
viscosity
洩漏率對黏滯性
Reynolds number vs
knudsen number
雷諾茲數與克努森數
Geometry of a leak
path capillary
洩漏路徑毛細管的尺寸
Permeation 滲透
Capillary 毛細管
114
Gas velocity density and
viscosity
氣體速度密度及黏滯性
Pressure 壓力
Relationshop between
different measurement units
不同測量單位的關係
Standard and normal
conditions 標準及常態觀念
Pressure range in vacuum
真空中壓力範圍
Flow in vacuum
真空中的氣流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Conductance
calculation 氣導的計算
Flow and conductance
氣流及氣導
Degassing 除氣
Different gas
behaviour 不同氣體行為
Material 材料
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Pumping speed
calculations 抽氣速度
115
Definition 定義
Flow parameters氣流參數
Relationship between mean
free-path and flow
平均自由路徑與氣流之間的關
係
viscous flow 黏滯流
molecular flow 分子流
intermediate flow 媒介流
Leakage measurement
探漏量測
Units and relationships
單位及關係
Conductance in vacuum
真空中的氣導
Definition and meaning 定義
的計算
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Calculation on virtual
leak influence in a
pressure change test
在壓力改變測試中虛洩
漏影響的計算
116
及意義
Conductance calculation
from nomograph or
simplified formulas
由列線圖或簡化的公式計算氣
導
Degassing 除氣
Practical concept and
fundamentals
實際觀念及基礎
Pumping speed 抽氣速度
Definition and meaning
定義及意義
Virtual and real leak
虛與實洩漏
Source of real and virtual
leaks 實際及虛的洩漏源
Pressure vstime
壓力對時間
103 Type of leak testing EB 20 Type of leak testing EB 40 Type of leak testing EB 40
117
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derived
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
探漏檢測的形式
Leak location 洩漏位置
Leak measurement
洩漏量測
Passfail test
檢測通過不通過
Leakage monitoring
洩漏觀察
Object preparation
物件預備
Object cleanness
清洗物件
Cleaning procedures
and effects on leak
detection measurements
對探漏檢測量測上清洗的
程序及效果
EC 30
探漏檢測的形式
Specification and
sensitivity詳述及靈敏度
Object preparation物件預備
Sealed object with or
without tracer gas
有或沒有追蹤氣體的密封物件
Object inaccessible from
one or both sides
從一側或兩側無法接觸的物件
Object working above or
below the atmospheric
pressure
在大氣壓力以上或以下加工的
物件
EC 60 探漏檢測的形式
Object preparation
物件預備
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Pressure change
methods
EC 60
118
Specifications and
method capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
EN 1593
Principles of bubble
emission method
氣泡發射法的原理
Immersion technique
浸入技術
Liquid application
technique液體應用技術
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
EN 13184
Fundamentals of working
principles
加工原理的基礎
Specifications and method
capabilities
詳述及方法的性能
Bubble emission method
氣泡發射法
Physical principles
involved有關的物理原理
Pressure change methods
壓力改變方法
Principles of detection for
the pressure change methods
壓力改變方法的檢測原理
Pressure decay technique
壓力衰減技術
Pressure rise technique
壓力上升技術
Bell pressure change
壓力改變方法
Difference between the
pressure testing and
the vacuum testing
considering the
perfect gas law
考慮理想氣體定理在壓
力檢測及真空檢測之間
的差別
Terminology related to
pressure testing
與壓力檢測相關的術語
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
119
Pressure testing
壓力檢測
Vacuum testing真空檢測
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
EN 13185
Principles of detection
檢測原理
Helium as tracer gas
氦氣作為追蹤氣體
Tracer gas detectors
氣體追蹤檢測器
Tracer gas flow into the
object (group A
techniques)
追蹤氣體流進物件(A類技
術)
Tracer gas flow out of
the object (group B
techniques)
technique貝爾壓力改變技術
Flow measurement technique
氣流量測技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體法
Chmical or physical
properties of detectors
檢測器的化學或物理特性
Principles of detection for
the tracer gas flow into
the object mdash Group A
techniques
追蹤氣體流進物件的檢測原理
-A類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Spraying噴霧
Vacuum technique
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
120
追蹤氣體流出物件(B類技
術)
Fundamentals of test
method choice
選擇檢測方法的基礎
EN 13625
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Vamcuum technique
(partial)
真空技術(部分的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Vacuum technique
(local)
真空技術(區域的)
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力測驗
Pressure rise壓力上升
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Principles of detection for
tracer gas flow out of the
121
object mdash group B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件的檢測原理
-B類技術
a) Local leak區域洩漏
Chemical detection with
ammonia
以氨水作化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
Sniffing test
嗅入測試
Bubble with vacuum box
氣泡及真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積壓力的技術
122
Bell pressure test
鈴聲壓力檢測
b) Global leak全域洩漏
Bubble test mdash
immertsion
氣泡檢測mdash浸入式
Bubble test foaming
泡沫式氣泡檢測
Pressure technique by
accumulationmdashglobal
累積壓力技術mdash全球性
Pressurization-evacuat
ion test(bombing)
增壓-排出檢測(爆炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
Bell pressure test
123
鈴聲壓力檢測
Pressure change
壓力改變
Flow measurements
氣流量測
Test methodmdashchoice of
criteria
檢測方法mdash條件的選擇
104
Equipment 設備
Vacuum gauges 真空計
Choice of gauges for
different pressures
對不同壓力的真空計選擇
Total pressure and
partial pressure gauges
全壓力及部分壓力真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Pressurwe reading
E 30
Vacuum gauges真空計
Absolute and differential
gauges絕對及差異真空計
Primary and secondary
gauges
第一級與第二級真空計
physical properties
involved for the different
sensor type
E 50 Vacuum gauges 真空計
Mechanical gauges
機械真空計
Accuracy for the
different sensors
不同感測器的精確度
E 50
124
techniques for
壓力讀取技術在
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Diaphragm gauge
薄膜式真空計
Capacitance manometer
gauge電容式真空壓力計
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pressure reading
techniqes壓力讀取技術
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Pressure reading
不同感測器形式有關的物理性
能
Mechanical gauges 機械真空
計
Bourdon gauge
波爾登真空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Diaphragm gauge 薄膜式真
空計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
大氣的影響
Capacitance manometer
gauge 電容式真空壓力計
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Influence of atmosphere
U-tube manometers and
Mc Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Pirani and
thermocouple gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
正
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Accuracy and
calibration for
different gases
不同氣體的精確度和校
125
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Pressure reading
techniques壓力讀取技術
Assembly criteria
彙編標準
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Type of pump for
different vacuum ranges
對不同真空區間的泵形式
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
大氣的影響
U-tube manometers and Mc
Leod
U形管壓力計與麥克勞德
Principles and behaviour
原理與行為
Pirani and thermocouple
gauges
派藍尼和熱電偶真空計
Principles and behaviour of
different gases
不同計的原理及行為
Cold and hot ion gauges
冷熱離子真空計
Principles and behaviour
Of different gases
不同計的原理及行為
正
Vacuum pumps 真空泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
126
Gas ballast 氣鎮裝置
Roots pump魯式泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Turbo molecular pump
分子加速泵
Performance 表現
Mainterance 保養
Valve 閥
Type of valves used for
leak detection
application
為探漏檢測應用的閥形式
Vacuum pumps真空泵
Classification and
selection of vacuum pumps
真空泵的分類及選擇
Pump performance泵表現
Ultimate pressures 最終壓
力
Pressure ranges壓力區間
Pumping speed抽氣速度
Discharge pressure
排出壓力
Rotary and piston pumps
旋轉及活塞式泵
Pump-down times calculation
for different volumes
對不同體積泵集時間的計算
Roots pump 魯式泵
Size evaluation大小評估
Roots pump 魯式泵
Physical principle
involved
涉及的物理原理
Pump-down times
calculation for
different volumes
including conductance
influence
在氣導的影響下對不同
體積的泵集時間的計算
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Turbomolecular pump
分子加速泵
127
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Fittings 附件
Assembly criteria
組合要求
Maintenance 保養
Mounting 安裝
Diffusion pump 擴散泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump為後循環泵的大
小評估
Mounting安裝
Turbo molecular pump 分子加
速泵
Size evaluation for
different application
為不同應用的大小評估
Size evaluation for the
backing pump
為後循環泵的大小評估
Physical principle
involved
有關的物理原理
Valve 閥
Fittings 附件
Project criteria
專案要求
Material 材料
128
Mounting安裝
Valve 閥
Choice of valve for leak
testing application
為探漏檢測應用的閥選擇
Performance表現
Fittings 附件
Choice of right fittings for
leak detection
為探漏檢測正確附件的選擇
Diameter and length
calcuation and influence
直徑及長度的計算及影響
Material 材料
129
Choice for different vacuum
ranges 不同真空區間的選擇
Metallicplasticglass
金屬塑膠玻璃
Oil and grease 油和潤滑劑
105
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Written procedures mdash
Interpretations
書面程序mdash解讀分析
Acceptance and rejection
criteria 接受拒絕條件
Leak interpretation
evaluation
洩漏的解釋評估
Data report module
filling
填寫資料報告模式
EB 10
EC 10
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面程序
Design versus working
conditions設計對加工條件
Pressure and temperature
control壓力與溫度控制
Test method and sensitivity
required要求的檢測方法及敏
感度
Preparation of leak test
specification
探漏檢測詳述的準備
EB 20
EC 20
Existing documentation
analysis mdash written
procedures
已存在文件分析mdash書面
程序
Data report module
資料報告模式
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
Performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表
EB 20
EC 20
130
Data report module
資料報告模式
Preparation of data repot
modules資料報告模式的準備
Tracer gas
detectorinstruments
performance factor
追蹤氣體檢知器設備表現因
數
Design and use設計及使用
Linearity線性
Calibration校正
Response and recovery time
反應及回覆時間
Preparation of written
instructions書面指示的準備
現因數
106
Testing 檢測
Bubble testing practice
and techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
General requirements
一般要求
EB 100
EC 140
Bubble testing practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Selection of test fluids
from the points of view of
EB
180
EC
240
Bubble testing
practice and
techniques
氣泡檢測操作及技術
Weather effects and
EB
120
EC
160
131
Gaspressure limits
cleaningetc
氣體壓力限制清洗等
Test fluid檢測液體
Test fluids for liquid
Immersion techniques
(preparation and use)
液體浸入技術的檢測液體
(準備及使用)
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Knowledge for creating
pressure differential
製造壓力差的知識
Elevated temperature
test fluid 高溫檢測液體
physical properties
從物理性質的觀點選擇檢測液
體
Selection oftechniques for
different applications
為不同應用選擇技術
Pipenozzlepad plate
Compressor testing
水管管嘴襯墊盤壓縮機檢
測
Vessel testing 器皿測驗
Leakage quantitative
evaluation 洩漏定量評估
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
lighting
氣候效果及照明
Immersion technique
浸入式技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
132
Vacuum box technique
真空盒技術
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Pressurization of test
specimen 檢測樣品加壓
Vacuum technique for
non-pressurized objects
為非受壓物件的真空技術
Pressure change
technique and practice
壓力改變技術及練習
General requirements
一般要求
Liquid application
technique 液體應用技術
Physical principle involved
有關的物理原理
Pressure change technique
and practice 壓力改變技術及
練習
Pressure change method
壓力改變的方法
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Perfect gas law
理想氣體定理
Pressure decay
technique 壓力減弱技術
Accuracy of equipment
設備的精確度
Gauge calibration
accuracy
量規校正的精確度
Accuracy of test
calculations
檢測計算的精確度
Pressure rise
technique 壓升技術
Calibration 校正
Effect of virtual leak
on pressure-time
relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關
係的影響與評估
Accuracy test
133
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Temperature and pressure
gauges 溫度與壓力計
System set up 系統建立
Reference vessel
technique(fundamental)
參考容器技術(基礎)
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Effect of virtual leak
實際洩漏的效果
System set up 系統建立
Bell pressure change
technique
Pressure decay technique
壓力減弱技術
Apparatus and test set-up
裝置及檢測建立
Choice of pressure and
temperature gauges
壓力及溫度計的選擇
Effect of temperature
change 溫度改變的效果
Effect of water vapour
pressure 水蒸氣壓的效果
Effect of barometric
pressure change
大氣壓力改變的效果
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Reference vessel technique
參考容器技術
Leakage rate calculation
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Bell pressure change
technique
貝爾壓力改變技術
Calibration 校正
Calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Accuracy test
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
Calibration 校正
Accuracy test
134
貝爾壓力改變技術
General requirements
一般要求
Flow measurements
technique 流量量測技術
General requirements
一般要求
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Mass spectrometers
質譜儀
Fundamental
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Pressure rise technique
壓升技術
Leakage rate calculation
from the perfect gas law
從理想氣體定律計算洩漏率
Choice of vacuum gauges
真空計的選定
Choice of the system
系統的選定
Effect of virtual leak on
pressure-time relationship
實際洩漏對壓力-時間關係的
影響與評估
Bell pressure change
technique 貝爾壓力改變技術
calculation
精確度檢測的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method
追蹤氣體的方法
Mass spectrometers
(helium)質譜儀(氦)
Mass spectrometry
qualitative and
quantitative
質譜分析定性及定量
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
135
principlesMSLD
基本原理質譜儀洩漏檢測
儀
manufacturing aspect
製造方面
Magnetic or quadrupole
磁性的或四極的
Direct flow and
contraflow 直流和逆流
pumping systems
electronicheads
gaugesetc
加壓系統電子的頭尺
規等
service 服務
calibration leaks
洩漏校正
helium mixture
氦氣混合物
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Flow measurements
technique 流量測量技術
Air flow into the object
流進物件的氣流
Air flow out of the object
流出物件的氣流
Choice of gauge 量規的選定
Calculation of leakage rate
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Pirani and
thermocouple working
principles
派藍尼及熱電偶工作原
理
Reactive tracers
反應追蹤器
Radioactive gases
放射性的氣體
Gas analysis
136
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Fundamental principles
involved 有關的基本原理
Halogen detector leak
testing equipment 鹵素檢
知器探漏檢測設備
Halogen detector
鹵素檢知器
Operation 操作
Cleaning the sensing
element 清除感測元素
Replacing the sensing
element 取代感測元素
Detector tube for vacuum
application
洩漏率的計算
Tracer gas practice and
techniques
追蹤氣體操作及技術
Tracer gas method 追蹤氣體
的方法
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Choice of tracer gas and
suitable detector
追蹤氣體的選擇及合適的檢知
器
Selection criteria of the
technique for different
application
為不同應用技術的選擇要求
apparatus(gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分
析法等)
Tracer gas flows into
the objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
Vacuum
techniquemdashtotal and
partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum
techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴
137
真空應用的檢測管
Calibration
leaks(maintenance and
operation criteria)
校正洩漏(保養及操作要
求)
Refrigerant tracer gas
(types commonly used)
冷卻的追蹤氣體(常用的形
式)
Calibration leak setting
for calibration of
halogen
為了鹵素校正的洩漏設定
校正
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Fundamental principles
Mass spectrometers(helium)
質譜儀(氦)
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
em equation of mass
em 質量公式
mass apectra
質譜(質量光譜)
magnetic 磁的
quadrupole 四極的
general and leak testing
application
一般及探漏檢測的應用
MSLD manufacturing aspect
involved and working
principles
質譜儀探漏檢測儀有關的製造
方面及加工原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the different
techniques
不同技術的靈敏度容許量
霧)
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
Chemical detection
with ammonia
氨水的化學檢測
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真
空盒
Vacuum box applying the
138
基本原理
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Calibration 校正
Helium mixture and leak rate
Calculation 氦氣混合物及洩
漏率的計算
Maintenance issues 保養結果
Halogen ion diode
鹵素離子二極體
Physical principies
involced 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities
for the techniques
此技術的靈敏度容許量
Selection criteria of the
techniques for different
application
對不同應用的技術選擇要求
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一
邊的真空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacua
tion test (bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎
(轟炸)
Vacuum chamber
technique 真空室技術
139
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Object surface scanning
物件表面掃瞄
Tracer gas flows out of
the objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類
技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
General requirments
一般要求
Initial set-up and
procedure
起初的建立及程序
object preparation
物件準備
Detector probesniffer
Speed
檢知器探頭聞出速度
halogen background 鹵素背景
properties of refrigerant
tracer gas (chemical
compositionmolecular
weightliquid-gas
behaviour)
冷卻的追蹤氣體的性質(化學
組成分子量液-氣行為)
calibration of halogen leak
detectors
鹵素探漏檢知器的校正
halogen mixtures percentage
鹵素混合物百分比
evaluation of test
140
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Reagent application
試劑應用
Post test cleaning
檢測後的清洗
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空
盒
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the
opposite side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊
的真空盒
Pressure technique by
sensitivity
檢測靈敏度的評估
Thermal conductivity
gauges 導熱規
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Reactive tracers 反應追蹤器
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
141
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出測驗
Object surface scanning
物件表面的清洗
Fundamental on
pressurization -
evacuation test
(bombing)
加壓-排出檢測的基礎(轟
炸)
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
detector
技術及其檢知器的靈敏度容許
量
Gas analysis apparatus (gas
chromatography etc)
氣體分析儀(氣體色層分析法
等)
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Sensitivity capabilities of
the techniques with this
detector 技術及其檢知器的
靈敏度容許量
Tracer gas flows into the
objectsmdashgroup A
techniques
追蹤氣體流入物件mdashA類技術
For all techniques
為所有的技術
142
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Vacuum techniquemdashtotal
and partial
真空技術mdash全部及部分
Vacuum techniquemdashLocal
(spraying)
真空技術mdash區域的(噴霧)
Tracer gas flows out of the
objectsmdashGroup B
techniques
追蹤氣體流出物件mdashB類技術
143
For all techniques
為所有的技術
Test sentivity for
different techniques
不同技術的檢測靈敏度
calibration 校正
calculation of leakage
rate 洩漏率的計算
Chemical detection with
ammonia 氨水的化學檢測
Physical principles
involved 有關的物理原理
Type of reagent 試劑的型態
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
使用內部追蹤氣體的真空盒
144
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
應用追蹤氣體在相對一邊的真
空盒
Pressure technique by
accumulation
累積的壓力技術
Sniffing test 嗅出檢測
Calibration(when
applicable)校正(當合適時)
Fundamental on
pressurization-evacuation
test (bombing)
加壓-排出測驗的基礎(轟炸)
Object preparation
物件的準備
145
Initial set up and procedure
起初的建立與程序
Calculation of leakage rate
洩漏率的計算
Vacuum chamber technique
真空室技術
107
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Test data report filling
檢測資料報告填寫
EB 05
EC 05
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出版刊物
的基礎上對結果的分析及評
估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards and
other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
P 35
Results analysis and
evaluation on the base
of acceptability
criteria and
applicable proceeding
在接受要求及適用的出
版刊物的基礎上對結果
的分析及評估
Leak test procedures
compilation
探漏檢測程序的編輯
Reference standards
and other documents
參考標準及其他文件
E 30
146
Technique proceeding
and module related to
drafting
與草稿有關的技術出版
品及構成單位(模組)
108
Assessment 評量
(Not applicable)不適用 Analysis through
altermative techniques or
methods
透過任選的技術或方法的分析
E 10 Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with
project engineer
specialist and
manufacturing managers
為了與專案工程師專家
及製造管理者合作的接
受條件評量
Ergonomic analysis
through alternative
techniques or methods
透過任選的技術或方法
的分析符合人體工學
E 10
109
Quality aspects
Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10 Personnel qualification
人員資格
E 10
EB 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
E 10
EB 10
147
品質項目 (according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
EC 10 (according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
EC 10
148
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1010
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 Special industrial
installation
特殊工業安裝
E 10
New development for
industrial and RampD
applications
為了工業及研發應用的
新發展
E 20
Total duration
全部時數
E 7
EB 135
EC 185
E 10
EB 29
EC 37
E 11
EB
225
EC
285
149
11 Acoustic emissions testing 音洩檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
111
Introduction to
terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語及歷史介
紹
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
Terminology 術語
EN 1330-9
150
112
Physical
principles and
associated
knowledge
物理原理及相關的
知識
Physical principles of
AE sources (mechanism in
analogy to earthquakes)
音洩源的物理原理(機械性
質可以地震比喻)
Relevant standards
相關標準
EN 13554 General
principles 一般原理
Overview 瀏覽
Visual demonstration
目視驗證
E 05
Frequency range 頻率範圍
Source characteristies
音源特徵
E 10
Effect of dislocation
差排 (移位)效應
Effect of stress on the
waves 波應力的效果
Modes of fracture
斷裂的模態
E 05
Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Transient emision
暫態發射
Continuous emision
連續發射
Amplitude 振幅
E 10 Characteristics of AE
音洩的特徵
Effect of source dimension
聲源尺寸的效應
Effect of source velocity
聲源速度的效應
Soure propagation 聲源傳遞
E 10
Effect of repeated
loading 重複負載的效應
AE during hold periods
在保持期間的音洩
Felicity effect
E 10
151
Frequency range
頻率範圍
Kaiser effect (overview)
kaiser 效應(瀏覽)
Type of loading 負載的形式
Kaiser effect in different
materials
不同材料的 kaiser 效應
felicity 效應
Felicity ratio
felicity 比例
Sources of AE 音洩的聲源
Metals 金屬
Composites 複合材料
Other materials
其他材料
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Crack surface frction
裂縫表面摩擦
Leak sources 洩漏源
Mechanical frction
機械摩擦
Loose parts 鬆散的部分
Non-detectable
sources 不可查明的來源
E 10
Different type of sources
不同形式的來源
Dislocation 斷層
Plastic deformation
塑膠變形
Inclusions 內容物
Crack growth 裂縫生長
Critical and sub-critical
crack growth
臨界及次臨界裂縫生長
Fatigue crack 疲勞裂縫
Ductile crack growth
延性裂縫生長
Magnitude of AE signals on
different materials
在不同材料上音洩信號的大小
E 15
AE signatures 音洩特徵
SCC(stress corrosion
cracking)應力腐蝕裂縫
Leak detection洩漏測驗
Corrosion 腐蝕
Others 其他
E 20
152
Wave propagation
波傳遞
Types of elastic waves
彈性波的形式
Longirudinal waves 縱波
Transverse waves 橫波
Rauleigh waves 雷利波
Wave parameters 波參數
E 10
Wave motion and velocity
波移動及速度
Mode conversion 波式轉換
Reflection and refraction
of waves 波的反射及折射
Wave attenuation 波衰減
Lamb waves 藍姆波
Wave dispersion 波分散
Geometric effects 幾何形狀
效應
Shadowing effects 陰影效應
E 15
Diffraction 繞射
Anisotropic
propagation
非等方性的傳遞
Wave propagation in
fluids
波在液體中的傳遞
Influence of fluids
液體的影響
Attenuation
vsfrequency
衰減 vs 頻率
E 15
Source location 聲源位
置
One sensor location
1 個感測器的位置
Linear location with
delta-t
具t的線性位置
Planar location with
delta-t
E 10
Lear and planar locations
線性及平面位置
Zone location 區域位置
(algorthm knowledge)
(演算知識)
Thin-walled and
thick-walled structures
薄牆及厚牆結構
E 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Cross-correlatio
交叉關連
Three-dimensional
location
三度空間的位置
Neighbourhood
E 20
153
具t的平面位置
Continuous emission
連續的發射
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard sensors 監視感測器
relations 鄰近關係
Accurate locations
using analysis
經由分析的精確位置
113
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of method and its
derivate
techniques
產品知識方法的能
力及其延伸技術
Possible fields for
application of AE
音洩應用的可能範圍
Outline of different
structures
不同結構的大綱
Outline of different
materials不同材料的大綱
E 10
Pressure equipment壓力設備
Storage tanks儲存庫
Pipelines and piping
systems水管及管路系統
Leak detection洩漏檢測
E 10
Machines機器
Other conponents
其他零件
Influences of loading
負載的影響
Loading possibilities
負載的可能性
E 10
Outline of chemical and
physical properties
化學及物理性質的大綱
Elasticity彈性
Ductility 延展性
Toughness 韌性
Stiffness 剛性
Fatigue疲勞
E 20
Creep爬行
Welding銲接
E 10
Fracture mechanics
破裂力學
Significant test for
materials properties
verification
E 10
154
Wear穿戴 為材料性質驗證的重要
檢測
Pressure equipment
壓力設備
Normal test performance
of pressure equipment
壓力設備的正常檢測表現
E 20
Advantages and
disadvantages of AE on
pressure equipmen
音洩在壓力設備上的優缺點
Differences of the first
pressure test and
repetition tests
起始的壓力檢測及重複檢測的
差別
E 10
Differences between AE
and other techniques
音洩及其他技術的差異
E 20
Profuct standards and
codes產品標準及規範
Outline of CEN standards
handing with AE(eq EN
13445-52002annex E)
CEN標準有關音洩的大綱全
覽
E 10
CEN product standards
their influence on AE
CEN產品標準及其對音洩的影
響
E 20
PED 壓力設備指令
Directives for
non-pressurized
equipment
對非受壓設備的引導
E 20
155
Outline of relevant
national standards
相關國家標準的大綱
Relevant national
standards
相關國家的標準
Relevant US standards
相關美國的標準
114
Equipment 設備
Relevant standards
相關的標準
EN 13477-1 and EN
13477-2
Sensors 感測器
Piezoelectricity 壓電性
Construction 架構
Frequency response
頻率響應
Wide-band and resonant
sensors寬頻及共鳴感測器
Coupling and sensitivity
耦合及靈敏度
Integral electronics
積體電路
Single
endeddifferential
E 15
Calibration methods
校正方法
Sensor selection 感測器選擇
Ground-loop 接地迴路
Temperature effects
溫度效應
Acoustic impedance 音阻抗
Wave guide 波導
E 15 Wace mode response
aperture effect
波波式響應孔徑效應
Reciprocity
calibration 交換校正
Special sensors
特殊感測器
Shielding 遮蔽
Impedance matching
阻抗匹配
Noise susceptibility
噪音感度(感受性)
Simulated AE aources
E 15
156
單端差異的
Connectors 連接器
Cables 電纜
模擬音洩源
Preamplifiers
前置放大器
Single ended
differential單端差異的
Unit of gain(db scale)
增益單位(dB 規格)
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
Filters 濾波器
E 05 Frequency filter selection
選擇頻率濾波器
Cable length effects
電纜長度效應
Common mode rejection
共同模態拒絕
Signal saturantion 信號飽和
E 05 Input capacity輸入容量
Filter types濾波器形式
Electronic noise
電子雜訊
E 05
Signal processing
信號處理
Continuous signal
連續信號
Transient signal
暫態信號
Background noise
背景雜訊
ASL 平均信號水準
E 20
AE parameters(EN 1330-9)
音洩參數
Energy (trueMARSE
altermative)
能量(真實的 量得整流包封
信號面積選擇性的)
E 10
Digital vs analogous
signal 數位對類比信號
System parameter
definition and
selection
系統參數定義及選擇
E 10
157
RMS 均方根
Amplitude 振幅
Threshold 起始點
Single-vsmulti-channel
system 單頻道與多頻道比
較
Acquisition rate 擷取率
Waveform digitization
波形數位化
Waveform recording 波形記錄
Distribution
techniques 分散技術
Spectral analysis
頻譜分析
Cascaded hits 串連擊打
Continuous mode
measurement
連續波式測量
Industrial dedicated
systems 工業專用系統
Source location
processing 聲源位置處理
Algorithm overview
演算概要
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區域位置
Hit-sequence
信號擊打次序
Planar location 平面位置
E 20
Algorithm knowledge
演算知識
Algorithm selection
演算選擇
Location uncertainty
位置不確定性
Guard channels 監視頻道
Three-dimensional location
三度空間位置
E 10
P 20
Algorithm details
演算細節
Wave mode influence
波波式影響
Neighbourhood
relations 鄰近區域關係
Cross-correlation
technique 交叉關聯技術
Factors affecting
E 10
158
errors on location
對位置的因素影響誤差
Advanced signal
processing 進階的信號處
理
External parameters
外部參數
Distribution plots
分散圖
Correlation plots 相關圖
E 05
FFT 快速傳立葉轉換
Waveform feature extraction
波形特徵萃取
Timing considerations
時間考慮
E 05
Pattern recognition
形態辨認
Signal averaging
信號平均
Waveform recording for
cross-correlation
為了交叉相關的波形紀
錄
E 10
Equipment calibration
設備校正
Sensor verification in
lab 實驗室的感測器驗證
AE system verification
in lab
實驗室的音洩系統驗證
E 20
Sensor calibration in lab
實驗室的感測器校正
AE system calibration in lab
實驗室的音洩系統校正
National standardsif
applicable 國家標準若適用
E 10
P 20
Different calibration
procedures
不同的校正程序
E 05
159
knowledge of EN 13477-1
and EN 13477-2
對 EN 13477-1 及 EN
13477-2 的知識
Fundamental of
informatics
資訊學的基礎
Knowledge and use of
computers
電腦的知識及使用
E 05
Knowledge of software
軟體知識
Knowledge of data analysis
資料分析知識
Knowledge of data
presentation 資料展示知識
E 05
Knowledge of the
location algorithms 位
置演算知識
Knowledge of system
limitations
系統限制知識
Knowledge of current
state-of-the art
最近技術狀態
E 10
115
Information prior
the test
檢測前的準備資料
Determination of the AE
test performance
音洩檢測表現的決定
E 05 E 10 E 10
EN 13554 Information prior the test Information about the
160
factors influencing the
testing instruction
檢測前的資訊影響檢測命令的
因素
history of the tested
structure
有關檢測結構歷史的資
訊
Locading procedures
負載程序
Pressure tests(maximum
test pressureloading
rateload holds)
壓力檢測(最大檢測驗壓
力負載率負載保持)
E 05
Establishment of the
loading program
負載程式的建立
Repeated loading重複負載
Cyclic loading循環負載
Continuous measurement
連續測量
E 10
Determination of the
loading procedure
負載程序的決定
Secondary loading
eddects(eqtemperatu
re)
二次負載效應(例溫度)
Monitoring監測
On-line measurement
Influence and other
loading possibilities
線上量測的影響及其他
負載的可能性
Source location 聲源位置
Single channel location
信號頻道位置
E 20
Other location techniques
E 10
Advanced location
E 10
161
Linear location 線性位置
Zone location 區間位置
Planar location 平面位置
其他位置技術
Location accuracy
位置的精確度
techniques
進階的定位技術
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測指令
Working with an AE
testing instructions
根據音洩測驗指令的工作
(加工)
E 20
P 20
Wrtting of an AE testing
instruction
音洩檢測指令的書寫
E 20
P 30
Acceptance of an AE
testing instruction
音洩檢測指令的接受
E 20
AE testing instructions
音洩檢測程序
Implementation of an AE
testing procedure into a
testing instruction
將音洩檢測程序植入測驗指令
Writing of an AE
testing procedure
音洩檢測程序的書寫
Inrtpretation of
standards標準的解釋
Difference of AE
testing procedure and
instructions
音洩檢測的程序與指令
的差異
E 30
P 40
116
Testing 檢測
Equipment set-up
設備建立
E 20
P 80
E 05
P 40
162
Equipment set-up
設備建立
Sensor placrment
感測器安置
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Noise identification
雜訊辨認
Velocity and attenuation
measurement
速度及衰減測量
Location of simulated
sources 模擬聲源的位置
Factors affecting the
selection of the test
equipment
影響檢測設備選擇的因素
Test performance
檢測表現
Loading procedure
負載程序
Actions during the tests
E 20
P 20
E 05
P 20
163
檢測期間的動作
Data acquisition and
data display during test
檢測期間的資料擷取及顯
示
Data acquisition
資料擷取
Significance of the
plots for data
display(time-basedload
-basedlocationcorrela
tion)
資料顯示圖的意義(時間為
基礎負載為基礎位置關
聯)
Comparison with the
verification
與驗證的比較
Compariston with
Establishment of the
acceptance criteria
接受要求的建立
Selection of plots
correlation and
distributions
圖關聯及分散的選擇
On-line evaluation
線上評估
164
location of simulated
source
與模擬源位置的比較
Necessary actions during
the test
檢測期間必需的動作
Stop criteria 停止要求
E 10
E 20
Verification of on-line
detected AE sources by other
NDT methods
由其他 NDT 方法線上檢測音洩
源的驗證
E 10 Interpretation of the
relation between the AE
source and the result
of the adjoining NDT
音洩源和鄰近的NDT結果
間關係的解釋
E 15
117
Evaluation and
reporting
評估與報告
Data display 資料顯示
Time-based plots
時間為基礎的圖
Load-based plots
負載為基礎的圖
Parameter-based plots
參數為基礎的圖
Location plots 位置圖
Distribution plots
E 20
P 20
AE source correlation
音洩源關聯
E 05
P 40
Advanced data display
(pattern recognition)
進階資料顯示(模態辨
認)
E 30
165
分布圖
Correlation plots 關聯圖
Data interpretation
資料解釋
Noise and other
non-relevant
identification
雜訊及其他不相關的辨認
AE behaviour vs applied
load
音洩行為與外加負載的關
係
E 10
Post processing nose
identification and
filtering
雜訊辨認及濾波的後處理
Source activity 聲源活動
E 10
Advanced filtering
processes 進階濾波處理
E 10
Data evaluation 資料評估
Source severity 聲源信號嚴
重度
Source criticality 聲源信
號關鍵程度
E 10
P 20
Advanced evaluation
processes 進階評估處理
E 10
Documentation and
reporting 文件及報告
Docimentation of the
E 20 Report according to EN 13554
根據 EN 13554 的報告
E 05 Report according to ISO
17025
根據 ISO 17025 的報告
E 10
166
results 結果的文件
118
Assessment
評量
Product standards and
Acceptance criteria
產品標準及接受要求
E 05
Implementation of the
acceptance criteria into
the testing instruction
將接受要求置入檢測指示
E 20
P 20
Interpretation of the
acceptance criteria in
profuct standards
接受要求在產品標準的
解釋
E 20
AE source evaluation and
test results
音洩源評估及檢測結果
Outline for the source
validation
聲源確認的大綱
E 05
Relations between AE and
physical sources
音洩及物理源間的關係
E 10 Interpretation of
connection between AE
and physical sources
音洩及物理源間連結的
解釋
Sophisticated data
treatment technuques
複雜資料處理技術
E 30
119
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO 9712
E 20 Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
根據 EN 473 and ISO
E 20
167
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
Written instructions
書面指示
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards
適用 NDT 的應用及產品標準的
回顧
9712
Equipment verification
設備驗證
Format of working
procedures
工作程序的格式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格與授證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards
適用 NDT的應用及產品標
準的回顧
1110 New developments in the New developments for E 20 Newest developments E 40
168
Developments 發展 field of AE-and
associated NDT
techniques
在音洩及相關 NDT 技術領
域的新發展
industrial application of
AE
音洩在工業應用上的新發展
for industrial and
scientific applicable
of AE
音洩在工業及科學應用
上的最新發展
New development on the
field of NDT
NDT 領域的新發展(差
異)
Total duration
全部時數
E 385
P 24
E 36
P 23
E 445
P 4
169
12 Visual testing 目視檢測 ---初級中級高級
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time
respectively in hours
字母 E及 P接著的數字分別代表教育訓練時間及實作訓練時數
NOTE As specified in EN 473 direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level
1 and level 2
註 依據 EN473 之說明直接跳到高檢師的考試需要達到初級及中級之規定總時數
Content
內容 Level 1 初級
週期
(小時)Level 2 中級
週期
(小
時)
Level 3 高級
週期
(小
時)
121 Introduction
to terminology
purpose and
history of NDT
NDT 術語目的及歷
史介紹
History (歷史)
History of visual
testing (VT) 目視檢測的
歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目
的
Definition of VT 目視檢
測定義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable
E 025 History (歷史)
History of visual testing
(VT) 目視檢測的歷史
Purpose of NDT NDT 的目的
Definition of VT 目視檢測定
義
Terminology 術語
Terminology applicable to
VT 目視檢測試用的術語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
E 05 Same as level 2
與中級同
Use of visual testing
as a complement to
other NDT methods
使用目視檢測作為其他
NDT 方法的補充
E 05
170
to VT 目視檢測試用的術
語
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10
Overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應
用概述
Extended overview of VT
applications 目視檢測應用
進階概述
122
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
Physical
principles of the
method and
associated
knowledge
此方法的物理原理
及相關知識
Relevant standards 有
關的標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般
的標準
EN 13927 VT equipment
目視檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Vision 視力
Lighting 光
E 225
P 05
Relevant standards 有關的
標準
EN 13018 VT General
principles 目視檢測一般的
標準
EN 13927 VT equipment 目視
檢測 設備
Fundamentals 基本原理
Visio 視力()
The eye including
operation and construction
E 30
P 05
Same as level 2 plus 同
於中級 再加上
Goals and principles of
VT 目視檢測的原理與目
標
Comprehensive
knowledge and
understanding of the
physical principles
and physics of light
including 對物理原理
及光學物理的廣泛知識
及了解包含
Optical performance光
E 30
171
transmission 穿透
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Photometry 光度測定
Light levels 光的等級
Light measurement 光測
量
Optical principles 光學
原理
Visual perception 視覺
Material attributes 材
料屬性
Colour 顏色
眼睛包含操作及結構
Vision limitations 視力限
制
Adaptation and
accommodation 適應及調節
Disorders 失調
Lighting physics of light
光照 光的物理
Electromagnetic radiation
電磁輻射
Visible wavelengths 可見光
波長
Fundamentals of light光的
基本現象
transmission 穿透
的表現
polarization of light
光極化
stroboscopic
principles 頻閃觀測
原理
dispersion 散射
refraction and
refractive index 折射
及折射率
reflection 反射
fluorescence螢光性
advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths
of optical radiation
172
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
Environmental factors
環境因素
Direct and remote
methods 直接及遠距法
Vision requirements 視力
要求
References參考書目
EN 13018
EN 13927
reflection 反射
absorption吸收
Lighting measurements 光測
量
Luminance明視度流明
lighting levels光等級
lighting techniques光照技
術
contrast對比
Optical principles 光學原
理
operation of lenses透鏡的
操作
(UV IR) including
colour temperature 光
輻射(含紫外光紅外線)
不同波長的優缺點含顏
色溫度
Types of light sources
natural artificial
including laser 光源的
形態本質人工的含
雷射
Details of the eye
including 眼睛的細
節包含
vision ranges 視力區
間
effects of disorders
失調的影響
173
operation of magnifiers放
大鏡的操作
image construction影像建
置
virtual images 虛擬影像
chromatic aberration色差
像差
geometric distortion幾何
變形
magnification principles
放大原理
Visual perception 視覺
what the eyes see 眼睛所見
Camera and photo sensor
operation and
principles 相機及攝
影感測器的操作及原理
optical filters光濾波
器
construction of
digital images and
problems 數位影像的
建置及問題
image processing 影像
處理
image analysis 影像分
析
image compression and
transmission 影像壓
縮及傳輸
174
what the mind sees 心裡所
想
what others perceive其他的
感知
what the designer engineer
etc設計者工程師等的感知
Material attributes
affecting the test影響檢測
的材料屬性
cleanliness 清潔度
colour 顏色
condition 條件
shape 形狀
size 大小
temperature 溫度
texture 組織
type 形式
surface finish 表面完成
image storage 影像儲
存
resolution 解析度
video monitors 錄影顯
示器
other monitors 其他顯
示器
light meters and
photometers曝光表及
光度計
Principles of
operation of fibre
bundles and lenses 光
纖束及透鏡的操作原理
coherent 一致的
175
surface preparation 表面
準備
Environmental and
physiological factors 環
境與生理因素
Atmosphere氣氛大氣
comfort 舒適
perspective 看法眼力
distance距離
accessing接近
fatigue疲勞
health健康
humidity濕度
mental attitude心裡態度
position 位置身份立場
safety安全
temperature溫度
cleanliness清潔
incoherent 不一致
Photogrammetry 攝影測
量
176
Direct and remote methods
直接與遠距方法
Vision requirements amp the
employers responsibility 視
力要求及雇主責任
123
Product knowledge
and capabilities
of the method and
its derivate
techniques
成果知識方法的性
能及延伸的技術
The depth of knowledge
required for this
section is as follows
此部分所需的知識深度如
下
Outline of basic flaws
detectable by VT as
necessary to work in a
specific sector 在特定
領域工作需求條件下目視
檢測所能檢測到的基本缺
陷概述
E 25
P 05
The depth of knowledge
required for this section
is as follows 此部分所需
的知識深度如下
test objects and flaws 測
試物件及缺陷
basic production and
degradation process 基本
的結果及剝蝕過程
terms origin and nature and
appearance of flaws 缺陷的
名稱來源本質及出現
E 35
P 10
Level 2 plus 中級再加
上
Evaluation of surfaces
表面評估
Roughness and waviness
粗糙度及磨損
Definition of shape amp
geometry of flaws 缺陷
的形狀及幾何大小的定
義
A comprehensive
understanding and
E 35
177
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 5817
Awareness of capability
and
Limitations 性能與限制
的體認
References 參考書目
EN 970
EM 12454
EN 1370
EN ISO 5817 etc
ISO 3057
product technology sectors
成果技術部分
basic metallurgy of the
processcomponent 流程零
件的基本冶金學
weldingjoining methods焊
接接合方法
Including cladding and
buttering包含表面強化及塗
油
wrought product production
methods 加工產品生產方法
cold working processes 冷
處理流程
knowledge of the
manufacturing
processes and
associated metallurgy
and flaw types etc對
生產流程及相關冶金術
及缺陷形態的廣泛了解
與知識
A comprehensive
understanding and
knowledge of the cause
and formation of
in-service defects
including associated
metallurgy and flaw
types etc對運轉使用
缺陷的原因及形成的廣
178
heat treatment processes
熱處理流程
Material composition材料
化合物
surface finishing methods
表面加工法
basic foundry technology
基礎熔爐技術
machining and material
removal processes 加工及
材料移除流程
polymerscomposites高分子
化合物
In-service aspects運轉使
用中
泛了解與知識包含相關
的冶金術及瑕疵種類等
179
service induced flaws 服務
導致的缺陷
mechanically 機械式地
thermally加熱地
tribology 摩擦學
wear 磨耗
chemical 化工的
Electrochemical 電化學
References 參考書目
EN 970
EN 12454
EN 1370
EN 10163-1
EN 10163-2
EN 10163-3
EN ISO 5817 etc
Capability and limitations
of VT 目視檢測的能力及限制
Detectability可偵測度
180
flaw size 缺陷尺寸
shape 形狀
orientationposition方向
位置
flaw types 缺陷種類
surface condition effects
表面條件效果
equipment limitations設備
限制
lighting effects光照效果
Associated techniques相關
技術
gauging 測量儀
comparators 比較器
measurement測量
thermographic imaging熱像
181
法
replication取代法
References
ISO 3057
124
Equipment 設備
Introduction to
equipment 設備介紹
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放
大鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video
照相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相
E 15
P 15
Introduction to and
applications of equipment
設備的介紹與應用
Mirrors 鏡子
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) 放大
鏡
Borescopes 內視鏡
Fibrescopes 光纖內視鏡
Photographic and video 照
相與攝影
imaging cameras 影像相機
E 30
P 15
Same as level 2 plus
inclusion of equipment
for assessment of
surface conditions 與
中級同加上包含評量表
面條件的設備
A good understanding of
equipment performance
limitations and the
selection of new
equipment for its
suitability 對設備表
現的限制的了解及新設
E 40
P 15
182
機
light sources and
special lighting 光源
與特別光
gauges templates
scales special
tools etc 測量儀樣
本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動
系統
computer-enhanced
systems電腦強化系統
demonstration test
piece展示測驗零件
resolution targets解析
目標
light sources and special
lighting 光源與特別光
gauges templates scales
special tools etc 測量
儀樣本尺規特別工具等
automated systems 自動系
統
computer-enhanced systems
電腦強化系統
demonstration test piece
測試件的驗證
resolution targets解析目
標
graticules 量板標線
Image recording transfer
備的適用性的選擇
Additionally the
effect this will have
on the test arrangement
另外這將會影響檢測的
安排
The evaluation of
equipment to fulfill
a particular task 設備
的評估來完成特別任務
Development of
verification for
equipment performance
including the
choicedesign and
application of
demonstration test
pieces設備表現驗證的
發展包含測試件驗證的
183
Or other special
equipment as necessary
for the test 或其他檢測
必需的特別設備
Why equipment must be
verified 為何設備必須被
驗證
References 參考書目
EN 13927
ISO 3058
and storage equipment 影像
紀錄轉換儲存設備
equipment selection amp
limitations 設備選擇與限制
verification of equipment
設備驗證
Sizing of indications指式
的尺寸
imaging systems 影像系統
special optical systems特
殊光學系統
Or other special equipment
as necessary for the test
(underwater radiation
resistant etc) 其他檢測
必需的特殊設備(水下輻射阻
選擇設計及應用
Understanding of the
procedure for control
maintenance and
calibration of
equipment了解設備的
控制保養與校正程序
184
抗等)
125
Information prior
to Testing
檢測前的準備資料
Pre-test documentation
(EN 13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測
規則
Written procedure (when
required) 書面程序(若必
要)
Object to be tested 要被
檢測物件
Extent of test coverage
檢測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence
of performing test 表現
檢測的技術與流程
E 100
P 050
Pre-test documentation (EN
13018) 檢測前文件
Test instructions 檢測規則
Written procedure or
standard (when required) 書
面程序或標準(若必要)
Object to be tested 要被檢
測物件
Extent of test coverage 檢
測涵蓋範圍
Technique and sequence of
performing test 表現檢測的
技術與流程
E 250
P 100
Same as level 2 plus
writing of procedures
and the design of the
test arrangement 與中
級同加上檢測安排的程
序與設計的書寫
The development and
application of
verification
techniques including
the demonstration of
procedures and
instructions for
effectiveness 驗證技
術的開發與應用包含有
效的程序與指引的展示
A thorough knowledge of
complementary NDT
E 30
185
Surface condition 表面
條件
Surface preparation 表
面準備
The stage of manufacture
or service life when
testing is to be carried
out 執行檢測時的生產步
驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria
接受的標準
Surface condition 表面條件
Surface preparation 表面準
備
The stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is
to be carried out 執行檢測
時的生產步驟或服務時期
The requirements of test
personnel 檢測人員的要求
The acceptance criteria 接
受的標準
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
methods that may be
referenced in written
procedures可能在書面
程序會參考的廣泛NDT方
法的完整知識
186
The illumination (type
level and direction)照明
(形式等級以及方向)
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將
使用的目視檢測設備
The post test
documentation檢測後的文
件
A demonstration test
piece amp
inspection checkpoints
展示的檢測零件及檢查檢
核表
Requirement for recorded
The visual testing
equipment to be used 將使用
的目視檢測設備
The post test documentation
檢測後的文件
A demonstration test piece amp
inspection checkpoints 展示
的檢測零件及檢查檢核表
Requirement for recorded
images 影像紀錄的要求
187
images 影像紀錄的要求
126
Testing 檢測
How to set up a test 如
何建立一個檢測
Working with
demonstration test
pieces and resolution
targets 處理展示檢測零
件及解析標的
Practical training on
test equipment and
performing tests on
training test pieces
with known flaws to
provided instructions
procedures including
equipment and test
parameters 在檢測設備上
實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
E 20
P 20
How to set up and calibrate
a test 如何建立及校正一個檢
測
Specifying and working with
demonstration test pieces
and resolution targets 詳述
與處理展示檢測零件及解析標
的
Prepare written test
instructions from standards
or codes for given test
pieces 對一給定的檢測零
件根據標準或規範準備書
面檢測規則
Practical training on test
equipment and performing
tests on training test
E 20
P 20
Same as level 2 plus the
control of procedures
and instructions for
their effectiveness 與
中級相同加上程序控制
以及為著效率的指示
E 20
P 15
188
測零件上已知缺陷的表現
檢測提供包含設備及檢測
參數的規則程序
pieces with known flaws to
instructions as above
including equipment and
test parameters 在檢測設備
上實際的訓練以及在訓練檢
測零件上已知缺陷的表現檢
測指引包含如上的設備及檢
測參數
127
Evaluation and
Reporting
評估與報告
Reporting the results of
tests 檢測結果的報告
Reference to test
standards 檢測標準的參
考
Calibration status 校正
狀態
Reference points for
location of indications
指示位置的參考點
E 05
P 05
Level 1 detail plus how to
control and monitor a Level
1 test done with your
guidance 初級的細節加上如
何控制與觀察在你所引導下作
的初級檢測
Interpretation evaluation
and reporting of results to
specifications and
standards 根據詳述與標準
對結果的解釋評估及報告
ObjectiveSubjective
evaluation 客主觀的評估
E 10
P 05
Same as level 2 plus how
to develop report
formats for ease of use
and clarity 與中級相
同加上如何為著容易使
用及清楚而開發的報告
格式
Organization and
storage distribution
of final reports 最後報
告的組織及儲存分散
Investigation of
suitable codes amp
E 10
189
Classification of
indications per 指示的
分類對於
instructed acceptance
criteria 指示的接受規
則
reports and
documentation報告及文
件
reporting verification
results 報告驗證結果
Completion of calibration
forms 校正格式的完成
product standards for
each application對每一
應用適合的規範及產品
標準的調查
Acting as a reference
point for level 2
advice for
interpretation and
evaluation 作為在中級
解釋及評估上的建議參
考點
References 參考書目
EN 13445-5
EN 12732
EN 12952 etc
128
Assessment
評量
(Not applicable) 不適用 Classification and
assessment of observations
per acceptance criteria
E 050
P 025
Detailed knowledge of
how to classify and
assess observations
E 10
190
from the codes standards or
written instructions etc
or by specific reference to
a level 3 where no codes or
standards exist 對於沒有
規範或標準存在的高級檢測
從規範標準或書面指示等
或特別參考依接受的規則
觀察的分類或評量
By comparison 根據比較
By measurement 根據測量
Automated evaluation eg
pattern recognition 自動評
估例如形式辯證
Recording 記錄
analyse the results and
compare them to codes
standards and design
specifications etc如
何區分及評估結果的觀
察與分析以及與規範
標準及設計詳述的比較
How to develop codes
standards and design
specifications etc
into clear acceptance
criteria to be written
into procedures and
Instructions 如何開發
規範標準及設計詳述成
清楚的接受規則進而寫
成程序與指引
Also how to find
information or
assistance to
191
Reporting 報告
investigate
observations not
covered by codes and
standards and develop
acceptance criteria 並
且對於未被規範及標準
涵蓋的觀察如何發現資
訊及協助調查並開發成
接受規則
The training of levels
1 and 2 for these
acceptance criteria 為
著這些接受規則的初中
級訓練
129
Quality aspects
品質項目
Personnel qualification
人員資格
(according to EN 473 and
ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 10 Personnel qualification 人
員資格
(according to EN 473 and ISO
9712)
Equipment verification 設
備驗證
E 10
P 10
Personnel
qualification 人員資格
(according to EN 473
and ISO 9712)
Equipment verification
設備驗證
E 20
P 10
192
Written instructions 書面
規則
Traceability of documents
文件追蹤
A review of applicable NDT
application and product
standards 合適 NDT 應用及產
品標準回顧
Format of working
procedures 工作程序格
式
Traceability of
documents 文件追蹤
Other NDT
qualification and
certification systems
其他 NDT資格及認證系統
A review of applicable
NDT application and
product standards 合適
NDT 應用及產品標準回顧
1210
Developments 發展
(Not applicable)不適用 General information 一般資
訊
E 05 The importance of
investigating current
and developing
technology and methods
of application 調查最
近及開發中應用的技術
及方法的重要性
E 10
193
Summary of latest
developments 最新發展
的總結
Total duration
全部時數
E 11
P 10
E 175
P 775
E 21
P 4
194
Bibliography 參考書目
[1] ISO 30571998 Non-destructive testing mdash Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 30581998 Non-destructive testing mdash Aids to visual inspection mdash Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 58172003 Welding mdash Fusion-welded joints in steel nickel titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) mdash Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 55801985 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 79631985 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 30592001 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing mdash Viewing conditions (ISO 30592001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-31998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 3 Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-31998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-41998 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 4 Equipment (ISO 3452-41998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-11998 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 1 Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-22001 Welding and allied processes mdash Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials mdash Part 2 Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-32002 Non-destructive testing mdash Magnetic particle testing mdash Part 3 Equipment
[13] EN ISO 127062000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 4441994 Non-destructive testing mdash General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 1 Image quality indicators (wire type) mdash Determination of image quality
value
[16] EN 462-21994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 2 Image quality indicators (stephole type) mdash Determination of image
quality value
[17] EN 462-31996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 3 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-41994 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 4 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality
tables
195
[19] EN 462-51996 Non-destructive testing mdash Image quality of radiographs mdash Part 5 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type) determination of image
unsharpness value
[20] EN 4732000 Non-destructive testing mdash Qualification and certification of NDT personnel mdash General principles
[21] EN 571-11997 Non-destructive testing mdash Penetrant testing mdash Part 1 General principles
[22] EN 583-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 1 General principles
[23] EN 583-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 2 Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 3 Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-42002 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 4 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-52000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 5 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-62000 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Part 6 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
[28] EN 584-11994 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 1 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-21996 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic film mdash Part 2 Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 9701997 Non-destructive examination of fusion welds mdash Visual examination
[31] EN 13691996 ndash Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 12891998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Penetrant testing of welds mdash Acceptance levels
[33] EN 12901998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-11998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 1 List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-21998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 2 Terms common to the nondestructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-31997 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 3 Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-42000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 4 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-51998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 5 Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-81998 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 8 Terms used in leak tightness testing
196
[40] EN 1330-9 2000 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 9 Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-102003 Non-destructive testing mdash Terminology mdash Part 10 Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 13701996 Founding mdash Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-11997 Founding mdash Liquid penetrant inspection mdash Part 1 Sand gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 14351997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints
[45] EN 15931999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 17791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-12004 Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 1 General requirements
[48] EN 10163-22004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 2 Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-32004 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates wide flats and sections mdash Part 3 Sections
[50] EN 10228-11998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 1 Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-21998 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings mdash Part 2 Penetrant testing
[52] EN 120621997 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 120842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current testing mdash General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 122231999 Non-destructive testing mdash Ultrasonic examination mdash Specification for calibration block No 1
[55] EN 124541998 Founding mdash Visual examination of surface discontinuities mdash Steel sand castings
[56] EN 125171998 Non-destructive examination of welds mdash Radiographic examination of welded joints mdash Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 1
Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 2 Pinhole
camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-31999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 3 Slit
camera radiographic method
197
[60] EN 12543-41999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 4 Edge
method
[61] EN 12543-51999 Non-destructive testing mdash Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing mdash Part 5
Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-32000 Non-destructive testing mdash Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment mdash Part 3 Combined equipment
[63] EN 126791999 Non-destructive testing mdash Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources mdash Radiographic method
[64] EN 126812003 Founding mdash Radiographic examination
[65] EN 127322000 Gas supply systems mdash Welding steel pipework mdash Functional requirements
[66] EN 129522001 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 130182001 Non-destructive testing -Visual testing mdash General principles
[68] EN 13068-11999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 1 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-21999 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 2 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-32001 Non-destructive testing mdash Radioscopic testing mdash Part 3 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and
gamma rays
[71] EN 131842001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Pressure change method
[72] EN 131852001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak testing mdash Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-52002 Unfired pressure vessels mdash Part 5 Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-12001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 1 Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-22001 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash Equipment characterization mdash Part 2 Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 135542002 Non-destructive testing mdash Acoustic emission mdash General principles
[77] EN 136252001 Non-destructive testing mdash Leak test mdash Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-12003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 1 Instrument characteristics
and verification
198
[79] EN 13860-2 2003 Non-destructive testing mdash Eddy current examination mdash Equipment characteristics and verification mdash Part 2 Probe characteristics and
verification
[80] EN 139272003 Non-destructive testing mdash Visual testing mdash Equipment
[81] EN 255801992 Non-destructive testing mdash Industrial radiographic illuminators mdash Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 58171992 Arc-welded joints in steel mdash Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 279631992 Welds in steel mdash Calibration block No 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
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