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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution
Main Question/Objectives What events sparked the Industrial Revolution?
By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to: Explain the events leading up to the Industrial
Revolution
Investigate the long term effects which innovations had on the revolution
Detail the works of an inventor and the benefits of the invention
Importance The Industrial
Revolution was “the age, above all, in history, of matchless opportunities for penniless men with powerful brains and imaginations” -Paul Johnson
Life Begins to Change
Prior to the revolution, people lived and worked in small farming villages.
In 1750, most people made a living working the land using handmade tools.
Made their own clothing and grew their own food. Exchanged goods at a local market
Few people left their home or had knowledge of the world beyond their village.
The Industrial Revolution changed these elements of life drastically.
Beginning of Interconnections
With the progression of the Industrial Revolution, the rural way of life began to disappear.
By the 1850’s, many country villages had grown into industrial towns and cities. People were able to buy clothing and food that
someone else produced.
People began to move rapidly between countries and continents by train or steamship.
Innovations in Revolution
Spinning Jenny-1764Invented by James Hargreaves
Allowed one person to spin many threads at once, further increasing the amount of finished cotton that a worker could produce. By turning a single wheel, one could now spin eight threads at once, a number that was later increased to eighty.
Steam Engine-1769Invented by James Wyatt
In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler.
Steam Powered Train-1814
Stephenson used the steam engine to create a steam powered train, which would eventually allow increased communication and trade between places before deemed too far.
Farming Methods Improve Educated farmers began to share ideas and
experiments through journals. Began mixing soils and crop rotation
Jethro Tull’s seed drill-distributing seeds in rows as opposed to wastefully scattering them
Enclosure Causes Migration
Enclosure: the act of taking over and consolidating land previously owned by peasant farmers Allowed more land for sheep farming and
larger fields
British Parliament facilitated this with legislation
Many farm laborers were thrown out of work and small farmers were forced off their land Villages began to shrink
People moved to towns and cities for work
Population Increases Agricultural improvements contributed to rapid growth in
population.
When people have surplus, they are allowed to focus energy on more than merely surviving. Reduced risk of famine with more food
Better hygiene and sanitation slowed death from disease
Reasons for the population explosion
1. Increase in agriculture production
2. Better hygiene and medical care
3. Women eating healthier during pregnancy
British population: 5 million in 1700 to 9 million in 1800
European population: 120 million in 1700 to 180 million in 1800
New Technology’s Role
Energy Revolution The steam engine opened up the door to
operating machinery and also powering locomotives.
Quality of Iron Improves Abraham Darby began experimenting with
metals
He began to produce less expensive parts for the steam engines
High quality iron could be used more widely, especially in building railroads.
Sales Presentation Today, you will be presenting your invention
to the sales board to support your innovation’s contribution to the world.
You can choose any of the following: Steamboat, Steam Powered Train, Spinning
Jenny, Medical Anesthetic, Telegraph & Morse Code
Your trifold should include Brief bio of the inventor
Description of the invention
Benefits of the invention
An illustration of the invention or someone using it
3-5 Sentences
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