Introduction to Sport Psychology – Chapter 1 Professional Issues – Chapter 2 History of Sport...

Introduction to Sport Psychology – Chapter 1Introduction to Sport Psychology – Chapter 1Professional Issues – Chapter 2Professional Issues – Chapter 2

History of Sport Psychology – Chapter 4History of Sport Psychology – Chapter 4

Psychology of SportPsychology of Sport

August 26-31, 2009August 26-31, 2009Classes #2-4Classes #2-4

What is Sports PsychologyWhat is Sports Psychology

““Being in the flow” (Csikzentmihalyi) Being in the flow” (Csikzentmihalyi) or “in the zone”or “in the zone”

Optimal experienceOptimal experience

Enhance performanceEnhance performance

Clinical issuesClinical issues

Individual differencesIndividual differences

Sugarman (2007)Sugarman (2007)

What’s needed to reach optimal What’s needed to reach optimal performance?performance?

Types of Sport PsychologistsTypes of Sport Psychologists

Clinical/CounselingClinical/Counseling

EducationalEducational

ResearchResearch

Training the Sport PsychologistTraining the Sport Psychologist

College Departments:College Departments:– Physical Education Physical Education – KinesiologyKinesiology– Sport StudiesSport Studies– Human Movement StudiesHuman Movement Studies– Sport SciencesSport Sciences– PsychologyPsychology

Athletic CounselingAthletic Counseling

Credentialing: Who can be called Credentialing: Who can be called a “sport psychologist”?a “sport psychologist”?

LicensureLicensure– Statutory process designed to regulate Statutory process designed to regulate

member conductmember conduct

CertificationCertification– Nonstatutory credentialing procedure Nonstatutory credentialing procedure

carried out by an organization (AASP)carried out by an organization (AASP)

RegistryRegistry– Nonstatutory procedure indication Nonstatutory procedure indication

professional recognitionprofessional recognition

Ethical PrinciplesEthical Principles

CompetenceCompetence

IntegrityIntegrity

Professional and Scientific Professional and Scientific ResponsibilityResponsibility

Respect for People’s Rights and Respect for People’s Rights and DignityDignity

Concern for the Welfare of OthersConcern for the Welfare of Others

Social ResponsibilitySocial Responsibility

Image of the ProfessionImage of the Profession

Some players and coaches are Some players and coaches are skeptical (“old school”)skeptical (“old school”)

Media seems to be supporting Media seems to be supporting advances made because of advances made because of interventions of sport psychologistsinterventions of sport psychologists

Employment for Sport Employment for Sport PsychologistsPsychologists

Set up private practice allocating some or Set up private practice allocating some or all to working with athletesall to working with athletes– Need earned Ph.D. in clinical or counseling and Need earned Ph.D. in clinical or counseling and

take sport sciences courses or athletic take sport sciences courses or athletic counseling degreecounseling degree

University professor in psychology, University professor in psychology, kinesiology, sport sciences, etc. kinesiology, sport sciences, etc. department and teach, conduct research, department and teach, conduct research, and train athletes in sport psychological and train athletes in sport psychological techniquestechniques– Need earned Ph.D. in sport psychology or Need earned Ph.D. in sport psychology or

related fieldrelated field

History of Sport PsychologyHistory of Sport Psychology

Triplett (1897) often cited as the first Triplett (1897) often cited as the first sport psychology experimentsport psychology experiment– Triplett, who was a bicycling enthusiast, Triplett, who was a bicycling enthusiast,

noticed that cyclists performed better in noticed that cyclists performed better in races than they did when they were races than they did when they were paced by motor-driven cycles or when paced by motor-driven cycles or when they were timed riding the course alonethey were timed riding the course alone

Mere Presence of Others and Social Mere Presence of Others and Social FacilitationFacilitation

Same result when he asked children Same result when he asked children to to wind fishing reelswind fishing reels as quickly as as quickly as possiblepossible

He thought that the He thought that the mere presence of mere presence of othersothers would improve our would improve our performanceperformance

Triplett (1897): Triplett (1897): FFishing reels studyishing reels study

Participants:Participants:– 40 children ages 8 to 1740 children ages 8 to 17Procedures:Procedures:– A trial consisted in turning the reel at the A trial consisted in turning the reel at the

highest rate of speed until a small flag sewed highest rate of speed until a small flag sewed to the silk band had made four circuits of the to the silk band had made four circuits of the four-meter coursefour-meter course

– The time of the trial was taken by means of a The time of the trial was taken by means of a stop-watchstop-watch

Results:Results:– All children performed faster when in All children performed faster when in

competition compared to when alone competition compared to when alone

History of Sport PsychHistory of Sport Psych

GriffithGriffith

OgilvieOgilvie

MartensMartens