Introduction to Requirements Eng. Copyright, 2001 © Jerzy R. Nawrocki Jerzy.Nawrocki@put.poznan.pl ...

Introduction to Requirements Eng.Introduction to Requirements Eng.

Copyright, 2001 © Jerzy R. Nawrocki

Jerzy.Nawrocki@put.poznan.pl

www.cs.put.poznan.pl/jnawrocki/mse/require/

Requirements Engineering Requirements Engineering

Lecture 1Lecture 1

Requirements Engineering Requirements Engineering

Lecture 1Lecture 1

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Plan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecture

Organisational issuesStructured meetings• FAST• Delphi method• Fagan inspections

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Success storiesSuccess storiesSuccess storiesSuccess stories

Scholarships of the Ministry of National Education:Scholarships of the Ministry of National Education:• Leszek GawronLeszek Gawron• Wojtek GryncewiczWojtek Gryncewicz• Grzegorz JachimkoGrzegorz Jachimko• Tomek JaniszewskiTomek Janiszewski• Michał JasinskiMichał JasinskiKKIO’2001:KKIO’2001:• Michał JasinskiMichał Jasinski• Grzegorz WieczerzakGrzegorz Wieczerzak

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SDS 2001/02SDS 2001/02SDS 2001/02SDS 2001/02

Laboratory 214 (6 workstations + server)Laboratory 214 (6 workstations + server)

Rational SuiteRational Suite

CMMI Level 2 + XP (Customer) + RUPCMMI Level 2 + XP (Customer) + RUP

Standard activities:Standard activities:• FASTFAST, , DelphiDelphi, , Fagan inspectionsFagan inspections

Roles for 5th-year students:Roles for 5th-year students:• FacilitatorFacilitator, , Tester Tester ((acceptance tests)acceptance tests), , ReviewerReviewer

Roles for 4Roles for 4thth-year students:-year students:• Analyst, Project Manager, Configuration Analyst, Project Manager, Configuration

Manager, TrackerManager, Tracker

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LecturesLecturesLecturesLectures

3.10: Introduction3.10: Introduction

10.10: RequisitePro (1)10.10: RequisitePro (1)

15.10: RequisitePro (2), 15:15, Prof. Club15.10: RequisitePro (2), 15:15, Prof. Club

24.10: RequisitePro (3)24.10: RequisitePro (3)

31.10: ClearCase LT (1)31.10: ClearCase LT (1)

7.11: ClearCase LT (2)7.11: ClearCase LT (2)

14.11: ClearQuest14.11: ClearQuest

21.11: SoDA (1)21.11: SoDA (1)

28.11: SoDA (2)28.11: SoDA (2)

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LecturesLecturesLecturesLectures

5.12: Rose (1)5.12: Rose (1)

12.12: Rose (2)12.12: Rose (2)

19.12: CMMI Level 219.12: CMMI Level 2

9.01: Personality issues9.01: Personality issues

16.01: Pre-exam16.01: Pre-exam

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LaboratoriesLaboratoriesLaboratoriesLaboratories10.10: Organisational issues, team game10.10: Organisational issues, team game24.10: RequisitePro24.10: RequisitePro31.10: RequisitePro31.10: RequisitePro 7.11: ClearCase LT7.11: ClearCase LT14.11: ClearCase LT14.11: ClearCase LT21.11: ClearQuest21.11: ClearQuest28.11: SoDA28.11: SoDA 5.12: SoDA5.12: SoDA12.12: Rose12.12: Rose . . .. . .16.01: Pre-exam16.01: Pre-exam23.01: Grades23.01: Grades

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GradingGradingGradingGrading

Pre-exam:Pre-exam:

14.01, 2 groups:14.01, 2 groups:• 13:45 group A + B (rooms 722 + 214)13:45 group A + B (rooms 722 + 214)• 15:00 group C + D (rooms 16 + 17)15:00 group C + D (rooms 16 + 17)

21.01: grades announcement21.01: grades announcement

Exam grades:Exam grades:

0.6 x Paper + 0.3 x Tutorials + 0.1 x Presence0.6 x Paper + 0.3 x Tutorials + 0.1 x Presence

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Plan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecture

Organisational issues

Structured meetings• FAST• Delphi method• Fagan inspections

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Sommerville’s ModelSommerville’s ModelSommerville’s ModelSommerville’s Model

Requirements elicitationRequirements elicitationRequirements elicitationRequirements elicitation

Requirements analysisRequirements analysisRequirements analysisRequirements analysis

Requirements negotiationRequirements negotiationRequirements negotiationRequirements negotiation RequirementsRequirements

definitiondefinition

RequirementsRequirements

definitiondefinition

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Developers Custom

ers

FASTFASTFASTFAST

FAST = Facilitated Application Specification Technique

JAD Joint Application Development - another approach to FASTFac

ilita

tor Recorder

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

Facilitator - runs the meeting(s)

Recorder - takes notes, serves tape recorder or video recorder

Developers & customer representatives - work on requirements

Senior manager - knows about the meeting date & time

Persons involved

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

The list of stakeholders and views should be ready before the project leaders start to organise the first FAST meeting.

Get from the customer the initial list of requirements sources (manuals, organisation charts, technical data, ..) and read it before the meeting.

Conducting a FAST meeting via phone or e-mail should be avoided.

Before the first meeting

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

Product request ( Project Proposal)

Aim & goals of the meeting

Agenda for the meeting

Information about place and time

Input documents

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

A worksheet to fill inMissing stakeholdersMissing requirements sourcesObjects (devices, documents, etc.):• external to the system• produced by the system• internal - used by the systemServices that manipulate the objectsConstraints (cost, size, time, ...)

Input documents

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

Product justification (consensus)Presentation of the worksheets (one

by one, no critique)Deciding (discussion) about:• Stakeholders• System architecture (objects) • Services• Constraints• Validation criteria

An agenda example

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FASTFASTFASTFAST

Direct:• Meeting minutes

Indirect:• Software Requirements

Specification (validation criteria!)

Meeting outcomes

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Plan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecture

Organisational issuesStructured meetings• FAST

• Delphi method• Fagan inspections

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Delphi methodDelphi methodDelphi methodDelphi method

Rand Corporation, Boehm’81Rand Corporation, Boehm’81

• A few experts individually A few experts individually produce effort estimates.produce effort estimates.

• A Delphi process is used to A Delphi process is used to reach a consensus. reach a consensus.

PythiaPythia

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Delphi methodDelphi methodDelphi methodDelphi method

1. Experts get the specification and an 1. Experts get the specification and an estimation formestimation form

2. They meet for discussion (project goals, 2. They meet for discussion (project goals, assumptions, estimation issues)assumptions, estimation issues)

3. Each expert anonymously lists the tasks 3. Each expert anonymously lists the tasks and estimates the sizeand estimates the size

4. The estimates go to the estimate 4. The estimates go to the estimate moderator. He tabulates the results and moderator. He tabulates the results and returns them to the experts.returns them to the experts.

The Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedure

The estimateThe estimate

moderatormoderator

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Delphi methodDelphi methodDelphi methodDelphi method

Estimator: Jerzy Nawrocki Date: 22.06.1999Estimator: Jerzy Nawrocki Date: 22.06.1999

Project: Sorting routineProject: Sorting routine

The estimates from the 1st round:The estimates from the 1st round:

e E M e ee E M e e

0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 100

e - estimates, E - your estimate, M - median estimatee - estimates, E - your estimate, M - median estimate

Your estimate for the next round: ......... Hours.Your estimate for the next round: ......... Hours.

A rationale for your estimate: ............................................A rationale for your estimate: ............................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................

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Delphi methodDelphi methodDelphi methodDelphi method

5. The experts meet to discuss the results. 5. The experts meet to discuss the results. They review the tasks they have defined They review the tasks they have defined but not their size estimates.but not their size estimates.

6. The procedure is repeated from step 3 6. The procedure is repeated from step 3 until the estimates are acceptably nearuntil the estimates are acceptably near

The Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedureThe Delphi procedure

The estimateThe estimate

moderatormoderator

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Plan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecturePlan of the lecture

Organisational issuesStructured meetings• FAST• Delphi method

• Fagan inspections

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Desig

ner

Fagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspections

Implem

entor

Moder

ator Tester

Reviewsession

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Fagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspections

1. Overview (whole team)

2. Preparation (individual)

3. Inspection (whole team)

4. Rework

5. Follow-up

Design

er Implem

.

Mod

erat

or Tester

Reviewsession

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Fagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspectionsFagan inspections

Overview (whole team) 500 not necessary

Preparation (individual) 100 125

Inspection (whole team) 130 150

Rework 50 60

Follow-up - -

II11 II22

Rate of progress (loc/h)Rate of progress (loc/h)

• Inspection session <= 2 hours• 1 - 2 sessions per day

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SummarySummarySummarySummary

RE has to support SDS

Main theme: Rational Suite

Structured meetings (FAST & inspections)

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Quality assessmentQuality assessmentQuality assessmentQuality assessment

1. What is your general impression? (1 - 6)

2. Was it too slow or too fast?

3. What important did you learn during the lecture?

4. What to improve and how?